(2) Deepening-After the Second Opium War, the signing of the Tianjin Treaty, the Beijing Treaty and the Aihui Treaty made China lose more territory and sovereignty, and the degree of semi-colonization further deepened. .
(3) Greatly deepened-During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese signed the treaty of shimonoseki.
(4) Completely reduced to a semi-colony-the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty" after Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China.
Detailed answer:
1, Opium War, treaty of nanking and other first unequal treaties were signed, which began to become.
After the Opium War, the western powers led by Britain forced the Qing government to sign the treaty of nanking, the Five-Port Trade Charter, the Humen Treaty, the Wang Xia Treaty and the Huangpu Treaty. The signing of this series of unequal treaties has had a great impact on China society.
Politically, before the Opium War, China was an independent feudal country, and the Qing government exercised full sovereignty. After the Opium War, China's territorial, territorial, judicial, tariff and trade sovereignty began to be seriously damaged, and China's independent national status began to lose.
Economically, before the Opium War, China was a self-sufficient feudal country with a dominant natural economy. After the Opium War, the western capitalist countries used the privilege of aggression to dump goods and plunder raw materials in China, and gradually involved China in the world capitalist market, and the self-sufficient natural economy characterized by small farmers and cottage industries gradually disintegrated. China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
2. The Second Opium War and the signing of Tianjin Treaty and Beijing Treaty.
During the Second Opium War, Russia, the United States, Britain, France and Britain forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties, such as the Tianjin Treaty and the Beijing Treaty, which deepened the semi-colonial and semi-feudal degree of China.
Politically, China lost its territory and sovereignty over 1.5 million square kilometers; Marked by 186 1 the establishment of the Prime Minister's yamen, the Xinyou coup and 1862, the Qing government's "borrowing from China and France", the rulers of the Qing Dynasty openly took refuge in foreign invaders and began to become their vassals and tools. The reactionary forces at home and abroad colluded openly to suppress the resistance of the French people.
Economically, foreign invasion forces spread from the southeast coast to the coastal provinces of China, and further penetrated into the mainland of China, which greatly facilitated the western powers to dump goods and plunder raw materials and cheap labor, making it difficult for China to resist the impact of economic aggression of capitalist countries, and was formally involved in the world capitalist world market.
3. 1894- 1895 The Sino-Japanese War and the signing of treaty of shimonoseki were greatly deepened.
In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894- 1895, China was defeated and forced to sign the treaty of shimonoseki with Japan, which humiliated the country. The signing of treaty of shimonoseki brought serious harm to modern China.
First of all, the cession of Taiwan Province Province, Penghu Islands and other large areas further undermined the integrity of China's sovereignty, which was a serious plunder of China's territory by Japan after Russia. Greatly stimulated the ambitions of the great powers to carve up China. Since then, the imperialist countries have carved up China's leased land and "sphere of influence", which set off a frenzy of carving up China and further deepened the national crisis in China.
Secondly, the huge compensation is equivalent to the sum of the fiscal revenue of the Qing government for three years, which has increased the burden on the people of China. The Qing government was unable to repay, but borrowed a lot of foreign debts, which facilitated the western powers to control China's financial and economic lifeline through loans.
Third, the opening of four inland trading ports and the opening of inland waterways have enabled the imperialist forces to further penetrate into the interior of China.
Finally, the Japanese were allowed to invest and set up factories in China, and other powers invoked the "benefit sharing" clause to set up factories in China, further plundering China's cheap raw materials and labor, which seriously hindered the development of Chinese national capitalism.
Treaty of shimonoseki reflects the imperialist demand for capital export and world division. The invasion of China by foreign capitalism has entered a new stage. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, with the acceleration of foreign powers' capital export to China and the initial development of Chinese national capitalism, China's self-sufficient natural economic disintegration accelerated. Therefore, the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China has greatly deepened.
4. Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China and the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty"-completely reduced to
1900 Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China, China was defeated again, and was forced to sign the Treaty of Sorrow and Ugliness with Britain, Russia, Germany, France and other countries 1 1. The signing of the Xin Chou Treaty has brought extremely serious harm to China.
First, the huge compensation is an unprecedented large-scale extortion of China by the powers; In order to pay huge reparations, the Qing government stepped up its search for the people of China, making people's lives poorer and social economy more depressed.
Second, the "embassy circle" established in Beijing is actually a "country within a country" and a "base camp" for imperialist planning to invade China; The foreign minister became the "emperor's father" of the Qing government and directly interfered in China's internal affairs through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The foreign invaders controlled the Beijing-Tianjin area, which made it "open", thus making the Qing government completely under the control of foreign troops, which was convenient for the invaders to send troops directly to suppress the anti-imperialist struggle of the people of China.
Third, according to the provisions of the treaty, honest officials severely suppressed the anti-imperialist struggle of the people of China, making them further accomplices of imperialism.
Fourthly, the regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs were changed to facilitate the Qing government to implement a traitorous foreign policy according to the wishes of foreign invaders.
The Xin Chou Treaty is a serious unequal treaty imposed on China by imperialism. In addition to blackmailing China, the great powers re-established the Qing government headed by Empress Dowager Cixi and continued to act as their agents in China. Empress Dowager Cixi had the audacity to say that she would "measure China's material resources and win the favor of the country", which fully exposed her traitor face. Since then, the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China. The signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty" marked the complete establishment of the ruling order of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China, and the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China was finally formed.