In the Ming Dynasty, Northeast China had a vast territory. It starts from Lake Baikal in the west, borders the Sea of Japan in the east, reaches Lushun in the south and Xing 'an Mountains in the north. As inland rivers, the surging Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers flow through them. From the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty set up a large number of military and political institutions in this vast land to exercise national sovereignty. In the fourth year of Hongwu (137 1), Liao Duwei set up Liaoyang at the beginning, Liaoyang House in the sixth year, and Dewey in Liaodong as the commanding officer in the eighth year; In the seventh year of Yongle (1409), Trane, Heilongjiang Province, expropriated the former site of the former Shuaifu in the East and built slaves as the capital.
The rise of Nurhachi gradually replaced the dominant position of Ming Dynasty in Northeast China. In the process of gaining the dominant position in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and the coastal areas east of Wusuli River, Nurhachi adopted a two-handed strategy of military conquest and peace appeal, which was very effective. However, he used more force to conquer than to beg for peace, which brought disaster to the local clans and tribes.
Huang taiji accepted this lesson and adopted the strategy of peaceful appeasement in the process of recovering the northeast territory. Of course, this appeal for peace is supported by powerful forces. Because of this, when the appeal for peace failed, Huang Taiji resolutely adopted the means of military conquest.
Huang taiji fought four wars in Heilongjiang and Songhua River basins.
In December of the eighth year of Tiancong in Heilongjiang (1634), Huang Taiji sent troops to conquer Huerha in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. This is the first time that Hou Jin fought in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Volume 17 of Records of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty says, "Why did you come back from Heilongjiang? Call the people in the Qiang temple and say that Huerha (Huerha) will not pay tribute and will send troops to conquer. Don't mix with us for fear of manslaughter. Starting from recruiting, you can get to know someone you know. This time, unlike the serenade of the past, we must gather the public to do it. " The reason why troops were sent to Huerha was because Huerha had not paid tribute for two years. Tribute is a sign of political surrender, not just an economic issue. To this end, Huang Taiji decided to attack Huerha. Huang Taiji ordered the infantry Mel Zhang Jing Bachilan and Jala Zhang Jingsa Mouche Ka to lead 4/kloc-0 Zhang Jing members and 2,500 soldiers into battle.
Balanqi and Sa Mouche Ha led their troops northward, passed through Churmen (now Tailai North, Heilongjiang Province), a Xibe settlement belonging to Horqin, and arrived at the coast of Heilongjiang Province.
Hezhe nationality in Heilongjiang province
This time, I started my career, specializing in "expropriation of unused land in Heilongjiang". I have a guide to lead the way, and it is going well. In the early spring of the following year, they sent troops, Qi Xinlang, Er, Se, Hei and Yi Mubu, to report good news in Shenyang. 2,483 able-bodied men, including women and children, totaling more than 7,300 people, were recruited, and 856 horses, 543 cows and more than 3 140 precious furs were obtained. Huang taiji was so happy that he ordered Baylor Abatai to lead all the officials to meet him at Puhe Mountain, where he slaughtered ten cows and two hundred sheep and rewarded the soldiers who went to war.
On the sixth day of May in the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), Huang Taiji personally led hundreds of officials, gathered the officers and men who had just triumphed and joined the Huerha people. Sitting in the dragon chair, he said to the soldiers who went out: "Ministers have worked hard, so go out! I want to meet the first two ministers, Bachilan and Sa Mouche. " Huang Taiji cordially gave the most solemn hug ceremony to Balanchi and Sa Muska. Then, Baylor also held a hug ceremony with them. Later, many Huerha people who joined the army also knelt down and kowtowed to Huang Taiji to show their obedience. Baldacci, the leader of Sauron Department, who had just arrived in Shenyang to pay tribute, and his brother and 30 people accompanying him also paid homage.
The expedition to Heilongjiang achieved brilliant results, and Huerha people joined in large numbers, which was highly praised by Huang Taiji. He ordered his sergeant Urha to hold an archery competition, and the winner was rewarded. This clearly shows that the Huerha people who joined the Party and other Manchu people are completely equal in social status. Then, Feast. For more than 7,300 people who accepted the surrender, "everyone got houses, fields, food, clothes, utensils and other things."
Huang taiji fought in Heilongjiang this time. It is of special significance in history. Japanese scholars gave a fair evaluation of this: "It can be considered that Qing Taizong conquered Huerha in the eighth year of Tiancong, which was the first time that the Qing Dynasty used troops against Heilongjiang. This is ten years earlier than Russia's Boyakov appeared in Heilongjiang. " In fact, a long history has completely proved that the land from the northern bank of Heilongjiang to the outer Xing 'an Mountains has been the territory of China since ancient times. Huang taiji's expedition once again proved this scientific conclusion.
In November (1639), the fourth year of Chongde, Heilongjiang Province, Huang Taiji made an expedition to Bomu Cuo 'er, Heilongjiang Province, which was his second expedition to Heilongjiang.
The reason is that Sauron's minister Bom Bogor rebelled against the Qing Dynasty. Soren tribe is the most powerful tribe in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang Province. /kloc-in the 1930s of 0/7, it began to pay tribute to the backward. Bomubogol later became Soren's minister. In the second year of Chongde (1637), he paid tribute once, and in October of the following year, he launched a mutiny and broke off relations with the Qing Dynasty.
Bomu Bogor is very attractive and appealing. Therefore, it won the support of the local people of all ethnic groups, and the villages on both sides of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang were attached to him and accepted his rule. Therefore, Bom Pogor is not only the leader of Sauron people, but also the common leader of people of all ethnic groups in this region. They implemented a tribal alliance and elected Bohm Bogor as the chief leader. This tribal alliance is powerful and can mobilize 6000 people from all ethnic groups to fight against the Qing army at one time. Bohm Pogor felt very powerful and unwilling to submit to the Qing Dynasty. He only paid tribute to the Qing dynasty twice, which clearly showed how arrogant he was. This is in sharp contrast to the frequent tribute paid by Baldazzi, the leader of Sauron Daur. In this regard, Qing Taizong "worried that it was unstoppable" and decided to pre-empt.
Qing Taizong sent generals such as Sa Muska and Suohai to lead the army to the Northern Expedition. At this time, only Baldacci and his Dokotong remained loyal to the Qing Dynasty, did not participate in the mutiny, and "stood firmly with Julian Waghann". He led the Bentun people to join the Qing army on March 18th in the fifth year of Chongde (1640) and took part in the battle to pacify the rebellion in Bomu Bogor. However, other tribes followed Bomu Bogor and took part in the rebellion. The situation was very unfavorable to the Qing Dynasty.
Bomubogol and his troops are mainly concentrated in the areas where jaxa, Chen Duo, Ukur, Assazin and Jin Duo Castle are in line. The Qing army split up from the Huma River and galloped to these castles for 40 days, but refused to surrender. The first battle of the Qing army was Jaxa, and it was conquered by force. Then, the Qing army attacked the nearby city of Ukur. Storm for a day and occupy the city. Then the Qing army turned to attack Duochencheng and fought for a day. The next day, when he was about to launch an attack, Bomubogo led an army of 6,000 people of all ethnic groups from upstream villages and castles to reinforce him. The soldiers were very sharp. The Qing army set an ambush between Ariza and Chen Duo. Bombogor was ambushed by the Qing army and defeated. In addition to casualties, 400 people were captured. After this war, Bom Bogor organized 400 troops from Chen Duo and Asakin to attack the Qing army. Although the Qing army was defeated before the war, due to its strong strength, it eventually joined Bogor and other seven cities. These seven cities were under the jurisdiction of Baldacci, and the Qing army invaded Heilongjiang for the second time and won. But the cunning Bohm Bogor led the others away.
In the fifth year of Chongde (1640), in April, Sa Mouche and Suohai led the army to triumph, and the Qing Emperor Taizong ordered Libu to welcome Dahan to Shilitai for a banquet, and ordered his nephews Du Du and Abatai to meet Pinglu for a banquet. Emperor Taizong personally led Baylor ministers to meet him at the North Hall of Shi Sheng in the west of the city. This operation captured 2,709 able-bodied men and 2,964 women and children, making a total of 5,673. Emperor Taizong put them all into the Eight Banners, gave them clothes and cloth, and let young people take part in archery competitions. The winners were Lu Niu, Zhang Jing and other officials. Soon, another 337 families of Soren's department came to surrender with 48 1 able-bodied men. Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty ordered Yuan officials to lead the soldiers of the Eight Banners Guards to carry a large number of pythons, plain satin and cloth to meet the enemy, and instructed them to farm in Guoerluo Sukumal and other places, so that they could choose a convenient place to live.
However, this battle did not catch Bomu Bogor, which made Huang Taiji very unhappy.
If left at large, it will be a catastrophe in the end. To this end, Huang Taiji secretly directed a play to capture Bomu Bogor by himself. In July, after a field trip, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty ordered 240 cavalry with strong physique, smart mind and good archery to form an elite Qing Dynasty death squad. Well-equipped war horses, well-equipped camels, smart equipment and adequate rations. In addition, Ilgonggu, Tuhana and Chulong were sent as guides, and Mailer Zhang Jing Sitku and Jixiha were the main generals to lead them to war. Qing Taizong secretly gave them a face-to-face opportunity, and they led this team that dared to die and disappeared in the distance without knowing where to go.
He Zhefu of Heilongjiang Province
At the same time, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty publicly threatened to send troops to release their horses on the banks of the Heilongjiang River and capture Bomu Bogor. The baylor ministers don't understand its meaning. 1In mid-February, Xiku sent someone to send good news from the distant Heilongjiang. Bomu Bogor, his family and his brother's family all won without fighting, and captured 956 people and 840 horses and cattle. Baylor ministers were surprised at the news. Emperor Taizong has just broken his plan. It turned out that in order to capture him alive, Qing Taizong had planned to drive him to the north. So on the surface, the Qing army was threatened to go to Heilongjiang to herd horses, and it was necessary to catch Bomu Bogor, while secretly, Mongolian soldiers such as Xiku were sent to lead the death squads to pursue from northern Mongolia, and Bomu Bogor escaped from the north as expected. It was finally captured by Siku. This is the drama of Qing Taizong's capture of Baimu Bogor.
In the sixth year of Chongde (164 1), on the 16th day of the first month, Steku and Jixiha led the troops and escorted Bomu Bogor and others back to Shenyang in triumph. The next day, Emperor Taizong held a call-up order to promote, reward and entertain meritorious personnel below Steku. By may. Baldazzi, the son of the last generation of Sauron, led 204 people back, and the headquarters 1747 1 surrendered.
The whole Sauron department, the upper reaches of Heilongjiang, returned to the hands of Qing Taizong.
Sanjin Songhua River Songhua River is adjacent to Heilongjiang. The invasion of Songhua River this time should also be regarded as an invasion of Heilongjiang River Basin. In September of the seventh year of Chongde (1642), Shaerhuda was appointed as a general and led his troops to conquer the Huerha department of Songhua River. The headquarters lives on the banks of Huerha River (Mudanjiang) and Songhua River, and there are three "clicks", namely three clans: 1. Norray and Tiancong for five years (163 1 year).
Pay tribute to gold; Second, in the second year of Chongde (1637), Ke-Kohler paid tribute; The third one was the layman Hari, who paid tribute to Chongde for three years (1638). These three clans paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty, indicating that they surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. The purpose of Qing Taizong's sending troops this time is to expand the source of troops and take armed forced relocation.
This time, Shaerhuda led his troops into the Songhua River and "recruited" 1400 men, women and children.
Following this conquest, in February of the eighth year of Chongde (1643), Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty ordered the Guards to lead Altyn and Hayinga to conquer the Hulha tribe in Heilongjiang. This time, the conquered place used troops for the last time, but a few tribes did not surrender to the Qing Dynasty, and some tribes rebelled. Qing Taizong had to send troops on an expedition. The number of people on this expedition is not clearly recorded in the history books. However, at the time of the triumph, I learned from the great reward of the emperor that there were 27 soldiers11,and 55 generals below Altyn, totaling 2,766. Altyn and haggar led troops across the north bank of Heilongjiang, conquered Boheli, Nurgar and Bubu villages, and handed over four villages: Little Gardasu, Big Gardasu, Chu Milan Kucan and Nengjir. This is where Soren's department lives. Because "Huerha" was confused with other tribes, Soren was included in the name of "Huerha, Heilongjiang" at that time. Altun and others went out in March and won on May 25th.
At the beginning of July, the Guards led Altyn and Hayinga back to Shengjing. A total of 2,568 boys and girls, more than 450 horses, cows and donkeys, and more than 2,000 precious furs were captured and taken home. Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty ordered everyone to put on armor and fill in the gaps in each flag.
A month later, Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty died suddenly, and this expedition to Huerha became his last military action to unify Heilongjiang before his death.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Nurhachi began to unify the East China Sea and the lower reaches of Heilongjiang until the Wusuli River Basin. In the seventeenth year of his reign, Huang Taiji recruited troops in the Heilongjiang River basin many times, and put all the areas belonging to Nurhachi in the Ming Dynasty under the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty. This is the historical result of decades of efforts by Nurhachi and Huang Taiji.
In this regard, Huang Taiji is quite proud. Chongde seven years (1642), Huang taiji regrets ground recalls:
Yusuo inherited Mao's career. He has been blessed by heaven since he ascended the throne. From the northeast coast (Sea of Okhotsk) to the northwest coast (Lake Baikal), during this period, he made dogs and deer, and produced land for black foxes and sable. He has no custom of farming, fishing and hunting for a living. The Erut tribe, even the source of the river, and distant countries are giving in.
This is a self-summary of his fifteen years in power, and it also clearly reflects the vast territory of Northeast China, which has been completely incorporated into the territory of the Qing Dynasty. In the process of entering Heilongjiang four times, Huang Taiji always paid attention to the strategic goal of conquering the Ming Dynasty.