Song Jiang did exist in history. Yu Jiaxi, a close friend, is the author of Textual Research on Thirty-six People in Sung River (including Selected Works of Yu Jiaxi), and he is very powerful in collecting textual research. You can refer to it

The Biography of Hou Meng, the History of Song Dynasty, says: "JD.COM at the mouth of Sung River wrote:' There are thirty-six people across Wei Qi, and there are tens of thousands of government troops, and no one dares to stop them. Its talent must surpass others. "Wang's Epitaph to Wang Gong, a Bachelor of the Moge Pavilion" said: "Song Jiang is a thief in Hebei opera, but he is against it."

Zhang Shou's "Epitaph of Jiang Yuan" written in Piling Collection and Secret Pavilion says: "Sung River fled and plundered all the way to Shandong, and the counties and counties were shocked, and many officials avoided hiding." "Song Shi Hui Zong Ji": "In February of the third year of Xuanhe ... Fang La was trapped in Chuzhou, and Song Jiang, a thief from Huainan, committed Huai Yang Army and sent his generals to beg for arrest; He also committed crimes in JD.COM and Jiangbei, entered the border of Chu and Haizhou, and ordered Zhang Shuye to recruit him. " The most detailed account in the Biography of Zhang Shuye is: "Sung River set out from Xinhe and moved to ten counties, but the loyalist did not dare to defend its front. Word came, uncle night messenger? To. Thieves went to sea, robbed more than ten giant ships and carried brine. So he raised thousands of dead people, ambushed near the city and went out to fight at sea. Hide by the sea and wait for the soldiers to meet and set fire to the ship. Thieves smell it and have no will to fight. The ambush took it, the bird was its deputy thief, and Jiang nai surrendered. "

Although there is no clear record in the history books that Song Jiang and his gang gathered in Liangshan, Water Margin Song Thief is also a historical masterpiece. For example, "there are many thieves in the water margin, and it is painful to wait for them." Although the thief committed a minor crime, he also broke his hamstring. Although the thief is weak, you must not kill him. "("Song Shipu Zongmeng Biography ")" There are many thieves in the water margin, but all fishermen are holes. A few people are guaranteed, so they go out in the morning and come back at night. Otherwise, it will be accused of poor governance and there is nowhere to escape. " (ditto "Biography of Jiang Ji") "It is unknown that fishermen in water margin are used to stealing. I'm afraid I can't help it at home. If his county is in the wrong place, it will be engraved as a table. If you steal hair, you will be arrested. Don't be afraid to work hard, and there is no room. " (Biography of Liang Renchuan is the same as above).

The Five Dynasties Water Margin was flooded by Wang Yang because the Yellow River burst and connected large and small lakes. Its existence once made the rulers attach great importance to it. According to "Shao recorded after listening" (Volume 30): "Wang likes to talk about profit. A little man flatters and says,' It's good to designate 800 miles of Liangshan Lake as a field.' Gong Jing was very happy. Xu said, "If you are good, can you refuse water?" Grandpa Liu sat down and said,' Don't chisel eight hundred Li waves from its side, that's enough.' Gong Jing smiled and then stopped. "Sima guang" Su Shuo Moon Hee "Volume 15 also contains fans. Su Zhe's "Lu 'an" (Volume 6) contains the poem "Singing the Water Margin with the Way": "Near, Simi and Ma cooked salt, far away from the river, Huai, japonica rice autumn. Coarse dust-free mud is stuck at the foot of the car. Don't think that diamond vines are winding around the bow. If you want to find a husband, you will change places. If you want a guest, you will end up in a boat. Worry about Jinjiang for thousands of miles, and dream about it. "Note:" The debater wants to do this in order to plant hulled wheat. " It can be seen that this issue has indeed caused controversy between the "new" and "old" parties. Judging from the situation described in the first two sentences of Su Shi's poems, Shuihu, as a waterway hub connecting the north and the south, obviously had multiple functions in economy at that time. This is why they become "thieves". Until, "those petty officials, Du Gongcai (Yang) made suggestions ... including abandoned dams, abandoned dams, abandoned barren hills, shrinking beaches and blocked rivers, all of which were democratic tenants ... and were named" Xicheng Courtyard ". Water margin, the ancient giant field, stretches for hundreds of miles and passes through the clouds for several States, all because of its profit. If the ship is hired, it will be straight, and offenders will steal it. " (Biography of Emperor Wen of Sui and History of Song Dynasty) It can be seen that it is still Yizhou, so it has become the focus of competition between "officials" and "thieves".

Song Jiang's character is gradually enriched in the speaker's description. Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Fiction once quoted Chen Tai's "Preface to Jiangnan Qu" in The Addendum of Suoan, saying that it was "a child". At that time, I heard from my elders that Song Jiang was a man, brave and narrow-minded. In the process of completion, Water Margin combined with the description of zaju, and comprehensively "packaged" his people and things. Firstly, it explains "filial piety, black saburo", "timely rain" and "Hu", and then uses "Song Ten Returns" to start the process of his being caught up with Liangshan. Commenting on "Song Gongming's private release to the King of Heaven", the King of Qing Dynasty said: "He valued friends, despised the imperial court, benefited the city privately, and was worse than Dafa. The Prime Minister is naturally a Langguan, and Yuncheng and Song Dynasty are not alone. " This makes people think that the author chose the word "Gong Ming" for Song Jiang, which is actually a satire on "Gong Shengming, Lian Shengwei" in Zhao Kuangyin's King James Edition. But it also determines his close relationship with the top figures in the Water Margin, such as Chao Gai, Wu Yong and Gongsun Sheng, which lays the foundation for him to replace Chao Gai as the leader in the future.

Zhao 'an is a major feature of the Song Dynasty. As the saying goes, "if you want to be an official, you will kill and set fire to it." Just want to get rich and sell wine and vinegar. " Sung river did harness in history and participated in the conquest of Fang La. Volume 52 of Xu's "Three Dynasties North Alliance" quoted the record of Zhongxing's evil surname: "In the second year of Xuanhe, Fang La rebelled ... Southeast Zhen Fang moved. Taking (Tongguan) as the propaganda ambassador of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, he led more than 200,000 soldiers, including Xin Qiji and Song Jiang. " Volume 2 12 quotes "Lin Ji": "In the third year of Xuanhe, Fang La rebelled. (Liu) did not spare an army and went straight for Qu and Wu. The battle was more successful when the thief was caught by surprise. Pull into the Qingxi cave. Knowing the danger, he sent people and Yang together to send Song Jiang, caught the fake Song Jiang and took him to the next place. " Kun Li's Outline of Ten Dynasties (Volume 18): "In December of the first year of Xuanhe, Zhao Fu and Song Jiang, Shandong thieves, were summoned ... In February of the third year of Xuanhe, Chen Geng and Song Jiang invaded Huaiyang Army, JD.COM Road and Hebei Road and entered the border of Chuzhou. Zhang Shuye, the local judge of that year, signaled him that the river was falling ... In June, Xin Xingzong and Song Jiang broke the thief to the Garden Cave. " Yang Zhongliang's Chronicle of Continuing the History of the History as a Mirror 14 1: "(Fang La was recruited to attack the source cave) Wang Huan led Ma Gongzhi, with Zhao Ming, Zhao Xu and Song Jiang, all out of the cave." Contrary to the above-mentioned historical anthology, the epitaph of General Hedong II, an old military doctor in the Song Dynasty, unearthed in 1939, in which Song Jiang was captured only after Fang La's levy, is an isolated evidence. However, since the American scholar Ma Tailai discovered Li Ruoshui's poem "Loyalty and Righteousness Set to Catch Thieves" at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was mentioned: "Last year, Song Jiang set out for Shandong and invaded the battlefield by day. Killing people and mowing grass one after another, I heard it badly nine times. Big book and yellow paper flew in, and 36 people paid homage to each other. Ugly and fat people are arrogant, and scholars and women are still surprised. " Opponents of the "woo-an theory" also retracted their views. It can be seen that it was a great event at that time for Sung River and his gang to accept woo, and later speakers also had their own basis. Considering that the formation of Water Margin is almost synchronous with the spread of Neo-Confucianism advocating "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries", it is not difficult to understand why Baihui, Baihui and Baihui all describe that Song Jiang participated in the Liao War before conquering Fang La. If this paragraph is deleted from the TV series, Song Jiangzhi will devote himself wholeheartedly, leaving only the matter of "wooing security guards and collecting wax".

Jin Shengtan commented on the "book of gifted scholars" in the world, juxtaposing Shuihu with Zhuangzi, Qu Yuan, Sima Qian and Du Fu, and especially appreciated the courage of Historical Records: "The violent person will be punished, and the ranger will be handed down from generation to generation; Philistinism insults people, and Huo Zhi is a famous article. This means that great changes have taken place in Qiong Qi, and the emperor was so sad that he vomited blood. The so-called thin sky, the bottom is dead, not unhappy, not just unhappy. " (Preface 1) The reason why Jin Shengtan was "halved" (or "broken-tailed dragonfly" as Lu Xun said).

It should be said that the image of Song Jiang has never been pleasing. Misha Huailin's book "Rongyutang Engraving Water Margin" said, "If people are in Songjiang, they will worship and cry when they see people. He calls himself a petty official or a sinner. It's a false real robber, but it can clean up people's hearts, and it's not useless. At that time, if we took it as a stage, we could appoint a person, although we dared not fire a minister. " Jin Shengtan believes that the author "hates Song Jiang's treachery", and he also thinks that "Song Jiang is just using tricks to win people's hearts", so "Shiqian and Song Jiangdu are first-class people" and "decided to take the exam" among 100 people.

With the broadcast of the TV series Water Margin, Song Jiang once again became the center of discussion, which reminded people of 1975' s "Comment on the Water Margin and Criticize Song Jiang"-recently, a southern newspaper used nearly a page to criticize the novel Water Margin, which made it even worse. Li didn't participate in the broadcast publicity activities of the crew, and I don't know if he can't stand all kinds of comments and criticisms heard around him. Obviously, in the dilemma of expressing Song Jiang's hero's gathering righteousness and courting the court, his grasp of the role is also in a dilemma. This involves whether Song Jiang is a "peasant uprising leader".

At present, no historical data about Song Jiang's identity have been found. According to Gong Kai's eulogy at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, "it's not a fake king, but Hu". If you are crazy, you will violate taboos. In the History of Song Dynasty, Baoyilang was recorded as the 49th rank among 52 military posts, and it was speculated that "Song Jiang took this name, which implied that he was brave and capable of making use of it." "Jiang started as a commoner and named himself after his humble position known in folk customs." He verified that none of the 36 people who "crossed the river with Song Jiang" could be called farmers. This involves the understanding of the society of the Song Dynasty. The view that Japanese historians have the upper hand is that "the society in Song Dynasty is regarded as a society that defeated feudalism" (Selected Translation of Japanese Scholar China's Historical Works by Zhonghua Book Company, Volume II, page 425), while Huang Renyu's view is that "Wang Anshi's Reform" is in a state of "pre-capitalism" (The Great History of China by Sanlian Bookstore).

At a seminar on the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms four years ago, Ren Dahui occasionally asked how to grasp the overall feeling of Water Margin in preparation. I replied: "Water Margin needs market spirit. You can see the main background of the active figures in the water margin by looking at the riverside map on Qingming Festival. " This view is still true today.