Zhangjiakou City is a municipality under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province, which now governs four districts (Qiaodong, Qiaoxi, Xuanhua and Xiahuayuan) and 13 counties (Wanquan, Huai 'an, Xuanhua, Yangyuan, Yuxian, Zhuolu, Kangbao, Guyuan, Zhangbei, Chongli, Chicheng, Shangyi and Huailai).
Zhangjiakou has a long history of human culture, and the site of Wang Jiayao in Xuanhua County can be traced back to primitive society.
The famous "Battle of Zhuolu" and "Battle of Hanquan" in history took place in the Zhuolu and Huailai areas of Zhangjiakou.
Huangdi tribe originated in northern Shaanxi, then moved eastward, went south along Beiluoshui to Dali and Chaoyi in Shaanxi, then crossed the Yellow River eastward, along Zhongtiao Mountain and Taihang Mountain, and finally settled near Zhuolu.
The birthplace of Yan Di tribe is about the upper reaches of Weihe River in Shaanxi today.
Its eastward route is along the Weihe River to the east, along the south bank of the Yellow River to the east, reaching the present Shandong area.
Chiyou tribe, also known as Jiuli nationality in history books, is a Yi tribe that originally lived in the east of China.
His activities range from southern Shandong in the north, eastern Henan in the west, southern Henan in the southwest, central Anhui in the south and the seashore in the east.
As the Yan Di tribe moved eastward, it clashed with the Chiyou tribe who used to live in Lu Yu.
After a long struggle, Yan Di tribe was defeated and fled to Zhuolu to take refuge in Huangdi tribe.
Two tribes joined forces with Chiyou tribe to fight in Zhuolu. As a result, Chiyou was defeated and fled to Jizhou, where he was killed.
This is the famous "Battle of Zhuolu" in history books.
Soon, because the Yan Di tribe wanted to be the king, the Yanhuang tribe clashed again and went to war in Hanquan (now Huailai area).
As a result, Emperor Yan was defeated.
This is the famous "Battle of Hanquan" in history.
After the war, the Yan Di tribe surrendered to the emperor tribe, and the Chiyou tribe stayed in the north and further merged.
Later, it developed southward and settled in the Yellow River Basin.
Since the Spring and Autumn Period, residents in the Central Plains have called themselves "Huaxia people" and "descendants of China".
The name of Zhangjiakou began in the Ming Dynasty.
Due to years of war, the population of Hebei has dropped sharply.
After Judy moved to Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, he and Yongle (1404) moved to Zhangjiakou, Xuanhua and other places from densely populated counties in Shanxi in a planned way in order to enrich the population of Gyeonggi, consolidate the border defense and increase the number of soldiers. The government built earthen castles to resettle the newly moved people.
In order to prevent the harassment of nomadic tribes in the north, beacon towers were built everywhere, and each station was guarded by troops. Soldiers and their sons come down in one continuous line, and they can live and farm with their families for a long time.
The resulting villages are named after Bao and Tai.
Brick cities are built in all towns and counties, and generals, garrison officers, commanders, guerrillas and other military attaché s are stationed separately.
Due to the dangerous terrain of Dajingmen, in the fourth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1429), Zhang Wen was responsible for building Zhangjiakou Fort in Wuli, south of Kounan, sheltering heavy troops and guarding the frontier fortress, which was called "Wucheng", which is the origin of the name of Wucheng Street today.
"Wanquan County Records Zhangjiakou Records" records: "Zhangjiakou originally belonged to Wanquan Youwei in the Ming Dynasty, and was built as a fort city in the fourth year of Xuande (1429), which is an important trade center with Mongolia.
According to legend, because there are East Taiping Mountain and West Taiping Mountain in North Wuli, the two mountains are separated by a hundred steps and face each other like a door; Because Fort City was built by Commander Zhang Wen, it was named Zhangjiakou Fort and later renamed Zhangjiakou.
In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), please make a gap in the side wall of Dajingmen, which is called "Dajingmen".
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhangjiakou was prosperous in commerce and trade.
155 1 year, a "horse market" was opened outside Dajingmen, and the horses and skins of Mongolian Tatars were covered by officials.
1570, Tatar leader Anda surrendered and was blocked, and Zhangjiakou was turned into a "mutual market place" between Mongolia and China.
16 13 years, laiyuan fort was built on the edge of Zhangjiakou fort. Based on Zhangjiakou Fort and Laiyuan Fort, Zhangjiakou has gradually developed into the center of trade exchange between Mongolian and Chinese nationalities.
At that time, there were rows of pavements, merchants gathered, and "thousands of households" came from afar outside the fort, and the national commercial trade was very prosperous.
1676, the Qing army defeated Gerdan, opened the commercial road to Mobei, and established Dajingmen as a trade place between Mongolia and the headquarters.
Up to 1906, there are 1037 stores.
Businessmen from Beiping, Tianjin and Shanxi all come to Zhangjiakou to do business.
1860, Russian businessmen began to appear in Zhangjiakou.
1884, merchants from Britain, the United States, France and other countries went to Zhangjiakou to buy fur and wool, and Zhangjiakou gradually became a land commercial port, "instilled by department stores, the home of business travel", with an annual import and export of silver as high as1500,000.
The fur in Zhangjiakou is becoming more and more influential at home and abroad. "All furs are imported into the sea, and the Sifang leather market is priced and then traded", making it a famous "leather capital" at home and abroad.
"Mouth mutton" and "mouth skin" enjoy a high reputation in the international market because of their beautiful products.
The opening of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and the establishment of Zhangjiakou Railway Station are the starting point of Zhangjiakou's modern economic development, which has had a great impact on its urban development.
1905 in may, the Qing dynasty approved the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway and appointed Zhan Tianyou as the chief engineer and general manager.
190665438+1On October 6th, the track laying of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway started from Fengtai, and Zhan Tianyou nailed the first spike on the track.
In May, Badaling Tunnel, a key project of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway 1980 long 109 1 m, was completed.
In July, 1909 completed the track laying from Beijing to Zhang Quanlu.
On September 20th, Zhangjiakou Station held a tea party to celebrate the official opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, and hosted officials and businessmen from all walks of life.
On 24th, Beijing-Zhangjia Railway was opened to traffic, with a total length of 20 1. 1km.
In the same year, the railway from Zhangjiakou to Guisui (now Hohhot) was built from Zhangjiakou to the west, that is, the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway.
The opening of the Jing-Zhang and Jing-Sui railways has greatly promoted the development of industry and commerce in Zhangjiakou.
1982 September 17, * * Jehol, Chahar and Suiyuan Special Zones were changed to provinces, and Zhangjiakou was the Chahar Provincial Association.
1037 On August 27th, the Japanese army occupied Zhangjiakou, and then established the pseudo-"Chanan * * *" autonomy.
At the beginning of 1939, Zhangjiakou special city was built, the pseudo-city office was established, and Zhangjiakou began to set up a city.
In September of the same year, the pseudo-"Mongolian-New Zealand Joint Autonomy * * *" was established, with Zhangjiakou as its capital.
1On August 23, 945, Zhangjiakou was liberated for the first time, and then the people of Zhangjiakou City were established, belonging to the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border region. The headquarters of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region and the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Committee are both located in Zhangjiakou.
In the same year, 1 1 was changed to Chahar province, with Zhangjiakou as the capital.
1946 10, our army made a strategic shift and withdrew from Zhangjiakou.
1948 65438+On February 24th, the people of China liberated Zhangjiakou for the second time and rebuilt the urban people.
65438+65438 0949+65438 05 10 +05 The people of Chahar Province were founded with its capital in Zhangjiakou.
1952165438+17 October, the organizational system of Chahar Province was abolished, and Zhangjiakou City was placed under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province.