Current location - Music Encyclopedia - Chinese History - Nanjing Zhonghua Gate Castle: One City, Three Urns and One City, Two Urns in Ming Dynasty
Nanjing Zhonghua Gate Castle: One City, Three Urns and One City, Two Urns in Ming Dynasty
The so-called urn: the open space between the city gates is called an urn. Now the Zhonghua Gate has four gates, that is, one city and three altars. There were 13 gates in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty. There are thirteen doors in the ballad and eighteen doors outside. The gate is inserted outside and surrounded by three mountains. Taiping, Hongwu, Jinchuan Zhongfu and Yifeng Huaiqing Shicheng in Chaoyang Town have 13 gates, namely Sanshanmen (Shuiximen), Jubaomen (Zhonghua Gate) and Tongji Gate. Among them, seven city gates were built to strengthen defense. Mountain, Jubao, Tongji three, Shichengmen two, Zhengyang (Hongwu), Liangqing one each.

I want to know something about Zhonghua Gate (Jubaomen) in Nanjing.

Nanjing Zhonghua Gate is the largest existing ancient castle in China. It was the south gate of the capital in the early Ming Dynasty, and was later called Jubaomen. 193 1 year changed to Zhonghua Gate. From the second year to the eighth year of Wu Ming (A.D. 1369 to 1375), it was expanded on the basis of the south gate of Nanjing Jiankang Fucheng. The east-west width of Zhonghua Gate Castle is 1 18.5 meters, and the north-south length is 128 meters, with a total area of 15 168 square meters and a height of 20.45 meters. Three Barbican cities are connected by four arches. In the past, every door had a jack door and a double wooden door that could be started up and down, but now only the door slot and door position are left. There are 27 caves where soldiers hide in Wengcheng, which can accommodate more than 3,000 soldiers. There are ramps on both sides of Wengcheng, so you can ride into the city. This Tibetan military facility played a very important role in ancient wars. When the enemy has a strong attack, you can throw the enemy soldiers into the city gate, then close all the city gates, cut the enemy into three parts and annihilate them. It's like catching a turtle in a jar. Zhonghua Gate is a defensive building in ancient China, with huge scale, magnificent momentum, complex structure and ingenious design. It occupies an important position in the history of world city walls and is listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. Zhonghua Gate, known as Jubaomen in the Ming Dynasty, was the south gate of the capital in the early Ming Dynasty and was renamed in 193 1 year. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, listened to Zhu Sheng's words and built the Nanjing City Wall from 1366 to 1386. He suggested building a high wall. The city wall follows the south and west city walls of the capital of Southern Tang Dynasty, and is expanded from the east and north city walls. The circumference is 33.676km, the height is 14-2 1m, the bottom width is 14.5m, and the upper height is 4-9m. The city wall is the largest city in ancient China, with a grand scale and great momentum. Zhonghua Gate is the largest and most magnificent of the thirteen gates of Nanjing City Wall. Located in the south of Nanjing, it was rebuilt on the former site of the south gate of Nantang Capital. The whole Wengnan is128m long from north to south,118.5m wide from east to west, and covers an area of15168m2. In its south, there is a Yuhuatai as a natural barrier. There are two east-west Qinhuai rivers in front, Qianchang Bridge in front and Zhenhuai Bridge in the back. The dangerous terrain is the traffic throat in the south of the city. There are three urn cities in Zhonghua Gate, which are connected by four archways (ticket gates). Each gate has a 1,000-kilo door and a double wooden door that can be started up and down. There are no doors and doors, only door slots and door addresses. There is a wooden hinged pavilion (gatehouse pavilion, which no longer exists) above the second arch to the fourth arch, and there are still a pair of hinged columns on the east and west walls of the southern end of the Tibetan soldier cave on the second floor of the first arch. The outer wall of the city gate is 20.45 meters high. Except for the arrow stack, they are all made of huge stone strips. The first gate is divided into three floors, and the top floor was originally built with a three-eaves watchtower for observation. According to records, Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty made a southern tour in A.D. 1520. Sitting here during the Spring Festival in the first month, you can see the grandeur of this gate. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the enemy tower collapsed, and its shape has been reduced after fund-raising and reconstruction. 1937, the rebuilt watchtower was destroyed in the war when the Japanese invaders captured Nanjing. Middle-level masonry structure (upper brick and lower stone), with seven caves for Tibetan soldiers in the north; There is an arch in the middle of the lower floor leading to Barbican City, and there are three hidden soldiers holes in the north and left. There are horse paths on the east and west sides of Wengcheng, with a width of 1 1.5m and a length of 86. 1m, which is steep and majestic. They are a shortcut to transport military supplies into the city in wartime, and generals can also ride horses straight to the city head. There are 13 Tibetan soldiers in the caves on the upper and lower floors of Wengcheng, China, and 14 Tibetan Army Road in 27 caves on the east and west sides can accommodate 3,000 soldiers. The middle cave in the north of the second floor of the first archway is 45 meters deep, 6.85 meters wide and 6.32 meters long.

Therefore, the quality of city bricks is fine and firm, and it is still intact after six centuries of ups and downs. It can be seen that the people along the Yangtze River at that time worked hard to build this magnificent capital. Before the 1980 s, Zhonghua Gate Castle was deserted all the year round, and nobody cared. 1980 was officially opened, and was established in National Tourism Administration, Nanjing Cultural Relics Management Committee, Bureau of Landscape Architecture and Qinhuai District People's Government of the United States. Through opening, maintaining and improving the internal facilities, the historical materials showroom and bonsai garden of Zhonghua Gate have been built one after another. Completed the relocation of residents and many shops and factories around the castle, cleaned and leveled a large number of accumulated soil and stones, and completely renovated the two-story fence facing north, greening and beautifying the environment. So far, except for the watchtower and gazebo, the original appearance of the ancient castle has been basically restored.