The Battle of Feishui took place from August 383 to February 65438. Fu Jian (338 ~ 385) led 600,000 infantry, 270,000 cavalry and 30,000 guards. A total of 900,000 troops went south from Chang 'an, stretching for thousands of miles, hand in hand with land and water, and there were only 10,000 ships carrying grain. At the same time, Fu Jian ordered Zitong prefect Pei Yuanlve to lead 70,000 navy divisions to March into Jiankang from the lower reaches of Bashu. The total strength of the Eastern Jin Dynasty against Qin Jun in the north was only 80,000. Under the auspices of Prime Minister Xie An, Xie Shi (327 ~ 389) was the viceroy, Xie Xuan (343 ~ 388) was the pioneer, and the main force of the army was the northern government soldiers (mainly composed of the northern Han population in exile in the south of the Yangtze River).

At that time, 300,000 Fu Rongbing, the younger brother of Qin Jun striker Fu Jian, first arrived in Yingkou (now Yingshang County, Anhui Province). Qin Jun won the first battle, and Furong captured Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). At the same time, Qin Jun Mu Rongchui captured Yuncheng (now Yunxian County, Hubei Province). And cut off the retreat of Hu Bin, the rescue army sent by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and surrounded it in Shi Xia (now southwest of Fengtai, Anhui). Fu Rong quickly sent a letter to Fu Jian, saying: "The enemy is few and easy to capture, but he is worried about running away. Please send an army quickly. " Fu Jian was overjoyed when he saw the letter, so he left an army in Xiang and took 8,000 Qingqi to Shouyang. At this time, both Fu Jian and Fu Rong thought that the Eastern Jin Dynasty was already the body of swords and shadows, so they sent Zhu Xu, the former satrap of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to surrender. Zhu Xu came to Xie Xuan's camp and told the whole story about Qin Jun's deployment. And suggested that while Qin Jun is not fully assembled, attack quickly. Xie Shiben intended to stick to it, but after listening to Zhu Xu, he changed his operational policy and decided to take the initiative.

165438+ 10, Xie Xuan sent elite soldiers to (east of Huainan, Anhui), and Qin Cheng led 50,000 troops to deploy throughout the country. Liu Laozhi only dared to take five thousand soldiers across waterinfo to attack his opponent's fifty thousand troops, while Qin Jun was killed and fifteen thousand people died. Liang Cheng, the general of the Qin Dynasty, was stabbed to death by Liu Laozhi.

After Luo Jian's victory, 8 jin j's confidence doubled. Xie Shi continued to go hand in hand by land and water, reaching the east bank of Feishui (now Nanwabu Lake in Shouxian County, Anhui Province), camped at the edge of Bagong Mountain, and faced Qin Jun across the river in Shouyang. Due to Qin Jun's tight deployment on the west bank of Feishui, the Jin army could not cross the river. The strength of the two sides is very different, and 8 Jin Army is not allowed to fight a war of attrition for a long time. When Qin Jun's 900,000 troops are assembled, the battle will not be easy. At this point, Xie Xuan sent an emissary to see Fu Rong, asking Qin Jun to back off his position and let the two sides fight to the death. Fu Jian thought that if the army retreated a little, the Jin army would be defeated by cavalry when crossing the river halfway. Fu Rong also agreed to Fu Jian's plan, so he agreed to Xie Xuan's request and instructed Qin Jun to retreat. Qin Jun soldiers' morale was low, and as a result, they lost control as soon as they retreated, and the battle was in chaos. Xie Xuan led more than 8,000 cavalry to Qin Jun. At this time, Zhu Xu took advantage of the situation and shouted: "Qin Jun lost!" Qin Jun just suffered a fiasco in Luo Jian. Due to the chaos caused by the retreat and the onslaught of 8 jin j, Zhu Xu shouted that he was really defeated. He became more and more flustered and ran for his life. Seeing that the general trend was not good, Fu Rong rode to stop it in order to stabilize his position. Unexpectedly, the horse was washed down by the mutinous soldiers and killed by the pursuers of 8 Jin Army. The loss of main qi became more and more chaotic and completely collapsed. The rout of the vanguard troops caused the panic of the follow-up troops, and then they fled in succession. As a result, the whole army fled, and Xie Xuan and others pursued it to Cyclobalanopsis (now three miles west of Shouyang). Qin Jun was frightened, thinking that the Jin army was coming, so he camped and dared not stay. At this point, Fu Jian once again fell into the flow vector and fled to the north alone, while Zhu Xu and others went to Jinying.

According to Fu Jian's ability and the situation at that time, it was entirely possible for Fu Jian to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Before the Battle of Feishui, Fu Jian had occupied Sichuan Basin and Hanzhong area, as well as Xiangyang area in the middle reaches of the Han River. Fu Jian already has a huge water army, and its situation is similar to that of Cao Cao and Sun Quan before Battle of Red Cliffs. It seems that the situation of Fujian is better. After all, Fujian occupies more than one Sichuan basin. Perhaps the situation before the Battle of Feishui was more similar to that before the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu, and it seemed that Fu Jian could annex the Eastern Jin without much effort. Fu Jian also attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty with nearly one million troops. There seems to be no doubt about the ending, but the miracle happened unexpectedly.

I thought it was really a miracle, but after I understood the content, my mind changed, which seems to be an inevitable result. Xie An is the chief architect of this miracle. Xie An made long-term preparations for resisting the pre-Qin war and stabilizing the relationship between the gentry, especially sending Xie Xuan and others to train the northern government soldiers with strong fighting capacity, which laid the foundation for the victory of the Feishui War. The victory of Luojian River in the early stage of the Battle of Feishui shows the powerful fighting capacity of the northern government soldiers, which is the truly incredible place. Liu Laozhi led 5,000 soldiers from the northern government to cross the river to attack the other side's 50,000 former Qin Jun. It is incredible that this kind of suicide attack can still win a total victory. Who can do that? Xiang Yu and Liu Xiuyou have similar behaviors, and Liu Laozhi can actually do it. Liu Laozhi's victory is the key to victory in the battle of Feishui. This seriously weakened Qin Jun's spirit and laid the foundation for Qin Jun's subsequent rout. According to the fighting capacity of Liu Laozhi's 5000 northern government soldiers, it is not a problem to defeat hundreds of thousands of Qin Jun, and it is a natural thing to defeat hundreds of thousands of Qin Jun, which is no longer a miracle. Of course, we say that the miracle of the battle of Feishui also comes from the low loss rate of 8 Jin Army. Only 5,000 people were killed or injured, which achieved the effect of defeating hundreds of thousands of Qin Jun, and Qin Jun had a good record of about10.5 million people. Judging from the proportion of casualties, the Battle of Feishui was indeed a miracle of war.

The situation of people's defection is also the key factor to win the battle of Feishui in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Han soldiers in the Qin army turned their hearts to the Eastern Jin Dynasty with a Han population, which was of great help to the victory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Zhu Xu, a Han Chinese in Qin Jun, played an important role. Zhu Xu not only enabled the Eastern Jin Dynasty to know ourselves and ourselves, but also played a role in disrupting the order of Qin Jun, making correct decisions for the Eastern Jin army and greatly helping Qin Jun's rout.

There is no doubt that under the comprehensive conditions of ancient times, hundreds of thousands of troops were difficult to manage, especially after the battle, which should be one of the reasons for Qin Jun's great rout. In ancient times, the number of troops was very important, and the quality of troops seemed to be more important. Qin Jun has a large number of troops, but its per capita fighting capacity is not strong. The number of 8 Jin Army is small, but the per capita fighting capacity is extremely strong. The party with weak fighting capacity per capita is often easily defeated under the attack of an army with strong fighting capacity. Qin Jun rout, Fu Jian's brother Fu Rong tried to stop it, but the horse fell in the chaos and was killed by the chasing Jin Jun, indicating that the army was difficult to manage in the battle and Jin Jun was brave, which was also an important promoting factor for the chaotic rout in Qin Jun.

According to the model of triumph, the Jin army still attacked more with less, so that it lost ground and gave up its foothold. This kind of boldness of vision of the Jin army is really great. Fu Jian and Fu Rong also imagined that it was a natural logic to attack Jin Jun with cavalry when he was crossing the river in the middle. But something unexpected happened. Qin Jun retreated out of control. Not only did he not organize cavalry to attack the Jin army crossing the river, but he was also attacked by the Jin army crossing the river. Under the joint action of attacks and rumors, Qin Jun was defeated, Furong country was destroyed, and the world was in chaos. The author is surprised, what would have happened if Qin Jun had not been defeated? Who would have thought that Qin Jun would retire as soon as he retired? It is estimated that few people will think so. Xie An and others may have such yearning, instead of pinning their hopes on it. The idea of Xie An and others is estimated to be; If Qin Jun retreats, the order will be out of order, which is certainly a good phenomenon. If Qin Jun retreats and there is no chaos, the Jin army is confident enough to defeat Qin Jun, otherwise it will not be so desperate. The powerful fighting capacity of the northern government forces has been shown in Luo Jian's victory, and it is normal logic to win this victory. If Qin Jun had not been confused by the retreat, the casualties of the Jin army would have been greater, the difficulty or cost of victory would have been higher, and it was still possible to win.

Xie An, a native of Taikang, Henan Province, moved south and was a key figure in the victory of the Battle of Feishui. This war laid the foundation for the disintegration of the former Qin dynasty and prompted the northern part to start chaos again. It also promoted the sphere of influence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty from the Huaihe River Basin to the Yellow River Basin in the north. If Xie An and others had not died, it would have been possible for the Eastern Jin Dynasty to unify the north. The battle of Feishui also brought the pattern of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Southern Dynasties maintained the Han culture and laid a cultural foundation for the revival of the Han nation.

The Battle of Feishui, northern China is still in troubled times. However, due to Ran Min's behavior and the subsequent war, the ethnic composition in the north gradually became simple, the degree of social chaos was obviously reduced, and the population in the north recovered. This can be felt from the fact that Fu Jian can recruit nearly one million soldiers. You know, when Cao Cao was in Battle of Red Cliffs, his troops were less than 200,000. Of course, the population in the south is still small at this time. In the face of life and death, only 80 thousand troops can be used, and the population is obviously less than that in the north.