From 1946, 10, 3 1 to10/2, the fourth column (commander Hu Qicai) of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces wiped out more than 8,900 people in the 25th Division of the 52nd Army of the Kuomintang Army, including more than 5,800 prisoners. This battle was the first case in which the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces annihilated an entire division of the Kuomintang Army in one battle, which initially shattered Du Fu's strategy of "attacking the north in the south and defending it, and going south first". The 25th Division was Du's first unit, so this defeat was a great blow to him. Strictly speaking, the victory of this campaign does not depend on good strategic vision and organization. At the beginning, Nanman troops were scattered and divided into four longitudinal divisions to guard the pass, relying too much on natural disasters such as Motianling and Lianshanguan and underestimating the attack power of the national army. As a result, even the independent division on the right in front of it was defeated, including the third column on the left, which made S very angry, but the fourth column quickly learned its lesson. We didn't win the previous battles of Motianling and Shuanglingzi, especially Motianling. Topographically, there is no danger of Motianling in Xinkailing. With 1 1 division and 12 division, the 25th division can be blocked. This should be questioned, at least we are playing drums. In order to cover the rear organs, the battle must be fought, or at least an ambush can be laid in Xinkailing to destroy an enemy. From this point of view, Xin Kailing was forced out in despair, and it is impossible to win or lose. It was during the battle that he saw the possibility of adowa 25th Division, and then he tried to make it a reality. Afterwards, the comments agreed that the victory in this campaign was the embodiment of the idea of concentrating troops, but the 4th vertical did not concentrate so many troops this time. In fact, there is no such thing at all. After the victory, even the Allied Democratic Forces themselves suspected that it was a fluke. With the strength of the 4th vertical, it should be safer to fight a group (it's a pity that the horse race on the 26th even let the enemy get away). Therefore, Xin Kailing's victory is also an unexpected gain for Mao Zedong. In his telegram, he emphasized that all major battles (implying Xinkailing) should be concentrated on 10. The 2nd Division of the 52nd Army only took advantage of its weakness to seize Anton, and did not cooperate with the 25th Division in time and space, so that the PLA concentrated its forces on encircling the 25th Division. Speaking of responsibility, this is also the responsibility of Zhao, the commander in charge of these two divisions. Dehui Campaign is an integral part of the second campaign of "Three Jiangnan and Four Linjiang". 1in late February, 947, the 6th column of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces, supported by artillery fire, launched an attack on the enemy defending Dehui. Due to the paralysis of underestimating the enemy, insufficient preparation, poor coordination of steps, guns and tanks, they rushed into battle and fought fiercely for three days. Unable to win the battle, he was forced to stop attacking the city and return to Jiangbei. Dehui's defensive force is the 50th Division of the Kuomintang Army New 1 Army, with 148, 149, 150 regiments, artillery, communications, cavalry and other direct teams, plus about 7,000 peacekeepers from the two places. The 50th Division is all American equipment. In this battle, the democratic Coalition forces concentrated four divisions and 80 guns, which can be said to be an absolute advantage. The troops have just won the battle and their morale is high. But the attack failed. After the war, the six vertical cadres profoundly reviewed their experiences and lessons. Mainly: mentally paralyzing and underestimating the enemy, unclear enemy situation and insufficient preparation. Before the war, it was thought that Dehui was only the remnants of the 150 regiment on the defensive and was an isolated enemy. He may run as soon as he hits it, but I didn't expect him to insist. The new 1 army is the main force of the trump card, especially good at organizing defensive operations. This is the first time that the 6th Battalion has artillery cooperation, and it has never fought a tough battle in the city before. Dominated by the thought of underestimating the enemy, he adopted a reckless play. Divide the fire equally, siege on all sides, no main direction. The Battle of Dehui was the first large-scale coordinated operation of infantry and artillery in the northeast battlefield. Commanders and staff officers at all levels of the column lack this knowledge, do not understand the technical and tactical performance of large-caliber artillery and tanks, and even do not understand the meaning of "shooting various elements", let alone how infantry and artillery, infantry and tanks work together. Therefore, when deploying troops' weapons, the column will distribute artillery to various divisions and regiments, and generally stipulate when the artillery will be tested and when it will be fired effectively (that is, fire preparation), and then the general attack will begin after it is effective. In advance, there was no map work for the coordinated operation of step guns and step guns, no * * * terrain survey, and no clear artillery shooting and infantry impact targets. There is no requirement on how to coordinate the firing time of artillery with the contact and impact timing between infantry and enemy. Only the artillery is required to start the test firing within 1 hour after entering the position, and the artillery has no necessary preparation time at all.

The two Longhua campaigns were the two battles between the main force of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Jireliao Military Region and the National Army 13 Army. Although this battle has little impact on the overall situation, it is of great significance to the cultivation and promotion of the combat effectiveness of the Democratic Coalition Forces 1 1. In particular, 1 1 produced a model of the whole army, Dong Cunrui, who performed brilliantly in the Longhua Campaign. Longhua belonged to Jehol province at that time and was an important barrier in the north of Chengde, the capital of Jehol. 1In the first ten days of May, 947, all the troops scattered in Hebei, Chahar and Liaoning began to concentrate to the west of Jehol. The frontline headquarters decided to panic in the 3rd Battalion of the 10th Regiment of the 4th Division of the 13th Army of the National Army and the local security team which were isolated in the paddock. On May 15, the 13th Brigade of the Ji-Cha-Re-Liao Military Region successfully wiped out the defenders of the national army in the paddock after a day of fierce fighting. Encouraged by the victory, the front command decided to expand the results and capture Longhua, and this task was handed over to the 17 th Brigade of Ji Chare Liao. The 17th Brigade (Brigadier General and Political Commissar Xie) was formerly the old army of the Eighth Route Army. The predecessor of the 49 th regiment was the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Teaching Second Brigade, a regiment and a battalion. Prior to this, this regiment was the Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division Independent Regiment 1 Battalion. If we go back further, our glorious history can be traced back to the Jinggangshan struggle period. Although the history of the 50th Regiment is shorter than that of the 49th Regiment, it is also a heroic force with outstanding achievements. Its predecessor was the 18th Regiment of Jizhong during the Anti-Japanese War. The original 17 brigade also had a 5 1 regiment, which was just adapted from the local militia. At this time, it only existed in the establishment of 17 brigade and did not participate in the first Longhua campaign. On the eve of the first battle of Longhua, the 4th Division of the 4th Army 13 led two battalions to Longhua (the other battalion, led by the deputy head of the 1st 10 regiment, entered the paddock and was surrounded by the 1st 13 brigade in Jichari). On the evening of May 19, the 17th Brigade of Jicha Riliao occupied the offensive starting positions in the southeast and northeast of Longhua. At 0: 00 on the 20th, the troops began to attack, and the 49th Regiment quickly occupied the front positions of the defenders in Dongshan and southeast of the city. At dawn, the troops defeated the Guoan team and rushed into Longhua City, capturing half of the city in the daytime battle. 2 1 that night, 17 brigade occupied almost the whole Longhua city. On the morning of 22nd, a regiment of the 47th Regiment of 16 Brigade was ordered to reinforce 17 Brigade. That night, the 17 brigade launched a general attack again, and three regiments attacked at the same time, but the effect was not great. During the attack, the troops were killed and wounded by the artillery fire of the defenders, resulting in a large number of attrition. As a result, the 17 brigade could no longer organize a decent attack on the 23rd, and had to point to the front for help again, demanding that the entire reserve 16 brigade turn to war. On 23rd, Huang Zhiyong, the former chief of staff of the Chare Liao Military Region in Hebei Province, came to inspect the situation, and finally decided to transfer all the other two regiments of the 16 brigade to attack from the west side of Mount Tai, and attack the south and north with the 17 brigade, so as to finally solve the enemy defense on Mount Tai. In the early morning of 24th, 17 brigade made its third general attack. 17 brigade attack force was attacked by Longhua Middle School and Taishan defenders, with heavy casualties. However, the Taishan West 16 Brigade failed to attack on time, and the battle was defeated again. On 24th, the two sides confronted each other, and Huang Yongsheng, the former deputy commander, also came to observe, but Huang Yongsheng left without making any comments. That evening, I called a meeting of Brigadier Cheng to solicit opinions from everyone. Finally, it was decided to deploy the 5th Brigade 13 Regiment to participate in the war, and Huang Yongsheng personally directed the attack. From 25th to 28th, the People's Liberation Army launched the fourth and fifth attacks in succession, and 16 brigade attacked the southern half of Mount Tai. 17 brigade attacked from the north, and 5 brigade 13 regiment attacked Longhua middle school from the north. The fighting was fierce. The defenders of Mount Tai shelled continuously with various artillery pieces, causing heavy casualties to the attacking PLA. The 5th Brigade 13 Company invaded Longhua Middle School on the night of 26th. Because the follow-up troops could not follow up in time, the breakthrough was blocked by the defenders. Except for some troops who broke into the school, the rest ran out of ammunition during the day on the 27 th and were all killed. After several days of fighting, the PLA troops suffered heavy casualties. Only 17 brigade lost more than 1.200 people. Zhou Renjie recalled: "By increasing the number of troops in turn, the number of casualties increased day by day ... the troops were weakened and suffered great losses." On the night of the 29th, the People's Liberation Army launched its last attack, which was fruitless again. At this time, the 2 1 Division of Chifeng National Army was ready to withdraw from the south, and the brigade was ordered to withdraw the siege of Longhua in front of the Ji-Cha-Lei-Liao Military Region, and rushed to Chifeng to intercept the South China Army of Chifeng, and the Longhua World War I came to an end. This battle, according to Zhou Renjie's memory, "killed and wounded more than 500 enemies and captured more than 200 enemies". However, before the war, due to "insufficient understanding of reconnaissance, lack of specific preparations for attack, lack of unified organization and command, lack of artillery and ammunition, etc." The suppression led to the failure of the siege, the failure of aid, the failure of the scheduled siege and aid operations, and the number of casualties reached more than 2,500, which paid a great price. " After the first battle of Longhua, the 4th Division of 13 Army 10 Regiment was transferred from Longhua due to heavy casualties, and its defense was replaced by the 265th Regiment of 89th Division of 13 Army and two battalions. The 265th Regiment is not the backbone of 13 Army. Half a year ago, the 89th Division of the 13 Army reinforced western Liaoning and was defeated by the Northeast Democratic Coalition Forces. At this time, the 89th Division was a new unit reorganized after the last attack, and its combat effectiveness was far less than that of the 4th Division, the main force of 13 Army. 1In March, 948, the Northeast Field Army organized 1 1 column in Chaoyang, and the team directly under Dongye1/longitudinal column was composed of some troops of the former directly under the authority and Reliao Military Regions in Jicha. 1 1 longitudinal commander He Jinnian, political commissar Chen Renqi, and deputy commander Zhou Renjie. The main force of 1 1 is the 3 1 division, whose predecessor was the first independent division of Jicha Reliao, namely 17 brigade in the first Longhua campaign in May, 947, and the 32nd division was the second independent division of Jicha Reliao, whose predecessor was an active one in Pingbei area. In May 1948, 16, 1 1 marched on Chengde, and after winning the battle of Elephant Trunk Station, Longhua was surrounded in June 18 with the cooperation of the artillery brigade of Ji-Cha-Liao. The Jicha Liao artillery brigade has 2 1 mountain guns and 7 howitzers. In order to cooperate with the 1 1 vertical siege of Longhua, the Sixth Independent Division of Hebei, Jilin and Liaoning was ordered to stop the national army that came to Chengde to help. The enemy troops on the defensive in Longhua are the 89th Division, the 265th Regiment (referred to as the 3rd Battalion) and an engineer company, equipped with some artillery pieces and 3 anti-aircraft guns, with about 2,000 men. Distributed in Taishan and Longhua City. Mount Tai in the west of the city is the focus of defense. Tang Chi, head of the 265th regiment, led the regimental headquarters, 3rd battalion, anti-Japanese artillery company (four anti-Japanese artillery companies) and mortar company to the main position of Taishan; The 2nd Battalion is stationed in Longhua Middle School, which is the core stronghold in Longhua City. The bunker group of the Engineering Company and the Peacekeeping Corps in the southeast of Longhua City is a front-line defense force. There are more than 40 semi-permanent bunkers in the north of Longhua City. On 25th, the troops 1 entered the position. At 4: 20, the artillery fire was prepared for 30 minutes. At 5: 00, the troops began to attack. Taishan 3 1 division learned the lesson of the first Longhua campaign. Before the attack, two companies with sharp knives quietly climbed the cliff on the northern slope of Mount Tai in the dark and lurked down. After getting ready for the artillery fire, they suddenly attacked and quickly destroyed the enemy's bunker. After the general assault was launched, the commanding heights of Mount Tai were controlled 35 minutes later, and the enemy troops on the defensive were compressed in several bunkers at the southern end of Mount Tai under the leadership of Colonel Tang Chi. However, the troops attacking the city have one defect. During the preparation of artillery fire, artillery fire destroyed some fortifications in front of the defenders, but the shelling was still going on. The 33rd Division, 98th Regiment 1 Battalion unexpectedly launched an attack without authorization, and was accidentally injured by its own gunfire. In an emergency, the command post of the 33rd Division was forced to change the original plan and hurriedly ordered the artillery to extend the shooting. At this point, the first battalion of the 98th regiment has been blasted twice in a row, destroying the barbed wire. While continuing to blast the outer trench, the defenders began to block the fire, the blasters died and the company suffered heavy casualties. It took a lot of effort to blast a gap. At this time, there were only less than 40 people left in the sharp knife company, and they still attacked quickly and quickly broke into the city. With the cooperation of the second echelon of the battalion, street fighting began. The most troublesome thing is the direction of the 32 nd division. The 32nd Division began to attack from the northeast of Longhua, which is the densest area of garrison fortifications, and it is precisely in this area that without artillery support, the assault troops can only destroy the garrison fortifications by manual blasting. When the 96th Regiment of the 32nd Division was preparing for artillery fire in other areas, it took 20 minutes to blast and destroyed three bunkers. After the general attack began, the intensive firepower of the remaining garrison blockhouses blocked the attack road of the troops. Although the 94th Regiment of the Division detoured from the 33rd Division to the enemy's flank for support, it failed to completely clear all the garrison fortifications. These remaining bunkers are not within the range of artillery fire. By noon, 1 1 was forced to suspend the attack. At 3 pm, 1 1, after three hours of preparation, we launched a fierce offensive against Longhua defenders again. In fact, there are only two strongholds left for the defenders at this time. One is the regiment command post, at the southern end of Mount Tai. The other is in Longhua Middle School. The defenders at the southern end of Mount Tai once again resisted the attacks of 1 1 and 3 1 division. The PLA suffered heavy casualties in this battle. Not only did a Dong Cunrui appear, but Rongshun Li, the deputy division commander of 3 1 Division, also died. In addition, the tenacity of the defenders of Mount Moss is quite surprising. When the 32nd Division attacked Longhua Middle School, other troops were busy collecting materials dropped by the national army. Just then, the defenders on the south side of Moss Mountain suddenly opened fire, and more than 30 soldiers under the company commander of the 94th regiment were killed on the spot. This shows the tenacity of the defenders of Mount Tai. 1 1, the strength is not strong, there are three divisions and one artillery brigade. There is also an independent 6 th division responsible for the aid. The firepower is not fierce, except for an artillery brigade and independent artillery battalions of various divisions. Morale is not high, and the whole column must avenge the first defeat in Longhua campaign a year ago. However, this disparity actually lasted for a whole day. Three divisions and one brigade were against one regiment, and there was still a battalion in the regiment. Finally, the head of the regiment ran away with more than 20 people.

Three wars and four draws, which is four draws. During the Northeast 1947 summer offensive, the first column, the Liaoji column (later the seventh column) and the sixth column of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces fought an arduous battle with the Kuomintang troops defending Siping City, Jilin Province. The former enemy commander was 1 commander Li Tianyou, and later changed to 6 commander Hong Xuezhi. In mid-May, after the victory of Bao Si Linjiang and Three Gorges Jiangnan Campaign, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces launched a summer offensive and successively recovered Huaide, Gongzhuling, Changtu, Kaiyuan, Shancheng Town, Dongfeng, Meihekou, Xi 'an (now Liaoyuan City), Xifeng, Qingyuan, Shuang Shan, Zhengjiatun, Yitong, Shuangyang, Huadian and Huinan, thus connecting the north and the south. Most of the main forces of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces are stationed in the south of Siping. On June 2nd, Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan sent a telegram to Deng Hua, commander of Liaoji column, ordering Liaoji column to surround Siping from east, west and north. At the beginning of June, the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces decided to encircle the enemy in Siping and ordered the 17th Division of the First Column, the Liaoji Column and the Sixth Column to take part in the encirclement and suppression operation. All the defenders who attacked Siping were under the unified command of the first vertical. On June 1 1, the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces ordered the 11th and 12th divisions of the fourth column to advance to Fushun and Shenyang, and the camera seized Fushun to prevent the enemy from reinforcing Siping. On the same day, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces attacked Siping troops and launched a battle to eliminate enemy strongholds on the periphery of Siping. On June 12, Liaoji Column of Northeast Democratic Allied Forces independently captured Siping Xijiao Airport. Destroy 71 transport battalions and a peacekeeping corps of more than 600 people on the defensive. 14 at 2 o'clock in the evening, the democratic allied forces launched a general attack by the besieged troops, and the battle of Siping started. One vertical and two divisions attacked from the southwest of Siping, and the Liaoji column attacked from the west. After 40 minutes, the second division broke through the enemy lines and broke into the city in one fell swoop. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/5, the First Division of the First Longitudinal Division of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces broke through the defense line of the Kuomintang army in Siping from Haifeng Village in the southwest of Siping and entered the city. Subsequently, the first and second divisions fought side by side and went deep into the city. On June 16, the only division of Liaoji Column of Northeast Democratic Allied Forces broke through the defense line of Ermai Road from the west of Siping City, opening up a "second battlefield", forcing the enemy to reduce or stop counterattacks. 17, the 49th regiment of the 17th Division, 6th longitudinal of the siege reserve of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces was put into urban warfare. They entered the position from the left side of the first vertical division, and the 50 th regiment attacked in the direction of the second division of the Liaoji column. 18, the second division of Liaoji column of Northeast Democratic Coalition began to clear the periphery from the east entrance of Ermai Road in the northwest corner. The Liaoji column, with only one division and one regiment, went deep into the enemy's depth and surrounded the headquarters building of the 263rd regiment of the 88th Division of the Kuomintang Army. At this point, the siege troops occupied most of the city west of Siping Railway. 19, the first division of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces was ordered to withdraw from the siege war and prepare for assistance. The 6th, 17 and 17 divisions are all engaged in siege warfare. 50 regiments on the right, 5 1 regiments on the left, and 49 regiments on the middle surrounded the enemy's 7 1 army by interspersed encirclement, cleared the peripheral strongholds such as the central bank, the municipal government, and the telecommunications bureau, and tightly surrounded the enemy's 7 1 army to prepare for the general attack. On the same day, the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces sent a telegram to the divisional heads of all columns of Siping besieged troops, demanding "resolutely expanding the victory and avoiding heavy casualties and fatigue" and preparing to resolutely annihilate the enemy of Siping with 10,000 casualties. On the 20th, the Sixth Longitudinal 17th Division of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces launched a general attack on the enemy's 71st Army Command. After three hours of fierce fighting, most of the enemy troops on the defensive were annihilated, and Mingxin Chen, the leader of the enemy spy team, was captured. Only Chen Mingren, commander of the enemy's seventy-one army, fled into eastern Shandong in advance. The Northeast Democratic United Army Department sent a telegram praising: "The 17th Division played very well and was very comforting." On February1day, all the siege troops of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces occupied the Xicheng District to the west of Siping Railway, and some troops broke into the Dongcheng District to the east of the railway. In the afternoon, the battle between eastern Shandong began. One vertical and three divisions were transferred from eastern Shandong to western Shandong, joined with the six vertical and seventeen divisions, and broke into eastern Shandong from the south of the railway station. The Liaoji column once broke into eastern Shandong from the north of the overpass, but it was returned because of heavy casualties. On the 22nd, enemy reinforcements set out from Shenyang and marched on Xiaoyangbao and Kaiyuan in an attempt to reinforce Siping in order to relieve the urgency of the siege. The 6th and 18th Divisions of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces were ordered to fight in the direction of the 17th Division in eastern Shandong. On the 23rd, in the Battle of Siping, Ma Renxing, the commander of the Independent 1 Division of Liaoji Column (later renamed as the 7th Vertical and 19th Division) of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces, was killed by stray bullets near the command post at the front line of Siping at the age of 43. On the same day, the Sixth Division of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces was ordered to come to Siping City to fight, and the first division took over the position north of the Liaoji column overpass. The main force of Liaoji column was ordered to withdraw from the battle and prepare for reinforcements. On the 24th, all three divisions of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces and Liaoji Column continued to serve as siege fighting tasks, and the fighting was commanded by the commander of the Sixth Longitudinal Army. The 1st 1 division, the 1st 1 division and the 2nd division were ordered to go south for support. On the same day, Mao Zedong telephoned instructions, "It is extremely correct to seize this strategic center, which is not only of great significance to establish our army's belief in overcoming difficulties, but also of great encouragement to the people of the whole country who are struggling." On the 25th, Shenyang went north to reinforce the enemy of Siping. 1 16 division and 130 division cooperated with cavalry and artillery to enter the area north of Changtu. On 26th, the General Command of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces telephoned Hong (), Yang (), Liu (Man), Deng (Hua), Wu (Toyama) and Gao (Somatosensory), demanding an objective assessment of the current war situation in Siping. On the 27th, the head of the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces ordered that Siping be changed to feint, and two divisions, the Sixth Longitudinal and Sixteen Divisions and the Liaoji Column, went south to Yehe and Changtu for assistance. On the 28th, the National Army mobilized nine divisions to help the North in an attempt to fight a decisive battle with the main force of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces in the periphery of Siping. On the same day, the Northeast Democratic Coalition Command ordered the siege troops to stop attacking and prepare to evacuate. He also sent a telegram to the frontline troops in Siping, pointing out that it is not important whether Siping can be captured or not. At present, it is mainly to use the opportunity of enemy reinforcements to annihilate the enemy's effective strength. On the 29th, reinforcements of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces fought with enemy reinforcements in Lianhua Street, Touyingzi and Diaopitun. The main force on the west side of the Democratic Coalition took the opportunity to besiege the old town of Changtu, forcing the enemy to retreat from the periphery of Siping and regroup between Changtu and Kaiyuan. That night, two divisions of the enemy's new Sixth Army had entered the Niushao area. On the 30th, the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces decided that all the troops participating in Siping's tough battle would be evacuated from Siping. After 19 days and nights, the battle of Siping ended. In this battle, * * * killed and injured more than 0.6 million people who captured the enemy/kloc-0, and seized a large number of trophies. The Allied Democratic Forces suffered about13,000 casualties. The Third World War in Siping was the first large-scale battle of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces. It's a great pity that Lin Biao and Li Tianyou didn't realize the effective force to wipe out the enemy reinforcements or occupy Siping because of vacillation between aid and attack. This campaign also shows that in the summer offensive of 1947, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces did not have the strength to fight a decisive battle with the national army.