Asia (5000-500 BC)

The establishment and unification of Sumerian Akkad city-state, the political structure of Sumerian temple, Akkad's rule over the big economy, the third Ur dynasty in the southern two river basins, the period of ancient Babylonian kingdom, the rise of ancient Babylonian kingdom, the rule of Hammurabi, the emergence and evolution of Assyrian empire, the establishment of Assyrian empire and the destruction of Assyria by new Babylonian kingdom.

Ancient two-river basin culture, cuneiform, Gilgamesh epic, ancient two-river basin science and technology, Babylonian astronomy, Babylonian mathematical achievements, Phoenician civilization, the rise of Phoenicia, Phoenician economic development, the rise and fall of Hittites and Hittites in ancient Palestine, the emergence of unified Judaism in ancient Palestine, ancient Indian civilization, the emergence of early Halaba cultural class and the emergence of the country.

The establishment of Brahmanism in the four Vedas, the establishment of sixteen countries in India in various countries, the re-emergence of the city dominated by Mahata, and the emergence of new trends of Shamanism and Sakyamuni Buddhism.

China's first dynasty-Xia Dynasty, Dayu flood control, the emergence of class society, the founding of Xia Dynasty, the subjugation of Shao Kang and Xia Jie, the rise and fall of Shang Dynasty, the demise of Shang Dynasty, the agricultural production technology of Shang Dynasty, the magical Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the developed bronze culture, the hierarchical enfeoffment system of the Western Zhou Dynasty under the rule of rites and music, the ceremony of the Duke of Zhou, the sacrifice of the ancestral temple of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the riots of Chinese people and the king of Jin.

Sanxingdui culture, the chaotic Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the eastward movement, the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, the seven heroes in the Warring States Period, the Taoism of "quietism", the establishment of Confucianism by Confucius, the rise and fall of the Persian Empire, the establishment of the Persian Empire, the reform, Darius' foreign policy, the economy of the Persian Empire and its decline.

Africa (5000-500 BC)

The emergence of national and pre-dynasty civilizations in the early dynasty, the establishment of the Tynys dynasty, the economy and society of the ancient kingdom, the economy of the ancient kingdom, the disintegration of the ancient kingdom, the Pharaoh and the Middle Kingdom in the pyramid, the first middle period and the people's uprising, the reunification of Egypt, the foreign war of the Middle Kingdom, and the agriculture and handicrafts of the Middle Kingdom.

The demise of the Middle Kingdom, the rise and fall of the new kingdom, the powerful 18 dynasty, the metallurgy and textile industry of the new kingdom, the developed commerce and overseas trade, the religious reform in Akhenaten, the hegemony between Ramses II and Hittites, the decline of the new kingdom, the late Saeijs dynasty in Egypt, the early economy of Egypt, the Persian conquest of Egypt, the Persian rule over Egypt, and the resistance of the Egyptian people.

The struggle in the late Persia, the demise of Egypt, hieroglyphics and totem worship in the early cultural period of ancient Egypt, magnificent sculpture architecture and exquisite craftsmanship, art, developed astronomical calendar, other civilizations in Africa, Saharan farming society, Nubian culture, Kermai culture, the rise of Carthage civilization, Carthage's political system, Carthage's expansion in North Africa, and Carthage's trade and exploration.

Europe (5000 ~ 500 BC)

Aegean civilization, Crete civilization, Mycenae civilization, Mycenae's tomb, Trojan War, ancient Greek city-state, emergence of state, formation of city-state, formation of Sparta city-state, formation of Athens city-state, Solon reform, prosperity of Greek city-state, economic development of Greek city-state, and slavery after the Greek-Persian War.

. The development of city-state democracy, the decline of Greek city-state, the maritime hegemony of Athens, the Peloponnesian War, the crisis of post-war city-state, the hegemony and decline of Greek city-state in the later period, Greek culture, Greek religion and mythology in the classical period and before, developed drama, exquisite architecture and sculpture, the prosperity of history and the rise of philosophy.

America (5000-500 BC)

Early American civilization, Asian immigrants, Olmec civilization, Autiere Kanchawan culture, Paracas culture.

2. 500 BC ~ the first year of AD

Europe (500 BC ~ the first year of AD)

The rise of Macedonia, the prosperity of the kingdom of Macedonia, Philip II's unification of Greece, Alexander's eastward expedition, the establishment of Antioch dynasty, the social reform of Sparta, Ptolemy dynasty and Seleuc kingdom, the autocratic rule of Ptolemy dynasty, the decline of Ptolemy dynasty, the autocratic rule of Seleuc kingdom and the development of Seleuc commerce.

The handicraft industry of Seleucus, the decline of Seleucus, the cultural mathematician and physicist in Macedonia, Archimedes Euclid and the development of geometry, astronomy and geography, the further development of philosophy, the increasingly mature sculpture art, Aesop's fables, the royal era of ancient Rome, Etruscans, clan system, the democratic military system of Rome, the reform of Tuliuu, and the end of the royal era.

The early Roman Republic, the establishment of the civilian tribune, the civilian struggle of Lisini-Sekstufa and the appearance of new noble, the Italian conquest, the early social economy of the Roman Republic, the external expansion of Rome, the first Punic War, the second Punic War, the third Punic War, the invasion of Spanish and Roman provinces, and the rule of Rome.

. * * * The decline of the Republic, Sicily Uprising, Spartacus Uprising, * * * and the culture of the times, Roman religious mythology and the architectural art of priest Rome, simple history and philosophy, the coming of the era of power dictatorship, the Mitridati War, the rise of Sura's dictatorship of Pompeii, the first three alliances, and the third alliance after Caesar's dictatorship.

Asia (500 BC ~ the first year of AD)

The Qin Dynasty unified China, established the first feudal dynasty, Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall of Wan Li, the Qin Dynasty perished, "the eighth wonder of the world", Liu Bangjian's Western Han Dynasty, the era of Emperor Wu, the Sino-Hungarian peace war, and Sima Qian's historical records.

In the era when the Peacock Empire was occupied, Chandragupta established the Peacock Dynasty, Ashoka conquered it, the politics and military during the Peacock Dynasty, the strict caste system, India after the Peacock Dynasty, the culture of the Imperial Age, the Indian epic "The Life of the Buddha", and the architectural art of the Peacock Empire.

3. Feudal period

From the first year of AD to 400.

Europe (a.d. 1 ~ 400)

The establishment of the Roman Empire, Augustus' establishment of the head of state politics, Octavian's internal political system, a prosperous "peaceful era", economic development, urban prosperity, the crisis from the golden age to the third century, the prevalence of the peasant system, the further strengthening of imperial power, the "golden age" of Rome, and the depression of Roman cities and businesses.

Chaotic politics, the Roman Empire in the later period of rule, the rule of thierry henry, the dictatorship of Constantine the Great, the support of Christianity, the decline of imperial economy, the division of the empire, the rise and spread of Christianity, the evolution of Christianity, the demise of the Western Roman Empire, the rebellion in Maximus, and the power of the four "barbarians".

Roman culture in the imperial era, the development of natural science, the prevalence of idealistic philosophy, developed history, jurisprudence in the imperial era, Roman literature, Roman architecture and sculpture art.

Asia (a.d. 1 ~ 400)

Liu Xiujian, a consort eunuch, presided over the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu wrote Hanshu, Cai Lun improved papermaking, Zhang Zhongjing and Treatise on Febrile Diseases, China in the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao in troubled times, Jian 'an literature, the establishment of Shu, Zhuge Liang's rule of Shu, Sun Quan's establishment of Wu, the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the rise of "five Hu sixteen countries".

Buddhism and Taoism flourished in the Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming and pastoral poetry, the establishment of a noble empire, the enlightened Golden Zhejia, Sassanbo, the rise of Sassanbo, the Persian empire, the war between Sassanbo and Rome, the Mazdak Uprising, the founding of ancient Korea, Silla Baekje, the ancient culture of the Korean Peninsula, the rope and yayoi culture of ancient Japan, and the rise of evil Matai.

Both America and Africa (from the first year to 400 AD) are developing, with the rise of Mayan civilization, Capricorn culture, Inca civilization, aksum's rule and the prosperity of Ghana Kingdom in East Africa.

4. The Middle Ages

Europe (400 ~ 1500)

The establishment of Germanic Kingdom, the social system of ancient Germanic people, the germination of feudal relations in western Europe, the establishment of Germanic Kingdom, Lombardy's invasion of Italy, the emergence of feudal system in western Europe, Clovis's creation of Frankish Kingdom, Pippin's usurpation of power, the formation of Charlemagne Empire, the division of the empire, the arrival of Viking era and the expansion of Viking.

Boneless ivar and harald, the decline of Viking, advanced navigation and shipbuilding technology, Nordic oral literature, Western Europe in the 9th ~11century, French agriculture in Caroline dynasty, the struggle between Robert dynasty and Caroline dynasty, the establishment of Gaby dynasty and the decline of kingship, and Germany under Henry I.

Controversy between vulgar rights and religious rights, Anglo-Saxon conquest of England, Crusade, the causes of the Crusade, the religious conference in Clemens, the first crusade of the Crusaders, the massacre of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, Salat's counterattack against the Crusaders, the disaster in Constantinople, the formation of the French nation-state, the strengthening of French kingship, the reform of Louis IX, Philip IV's control of religious rights, and the uprising of Parisian citizens.

Louis Xi unified France,11-15th century Britain, Normandy conquest, Henry II's reform, the signing of Magna Carta of Freedom, the emergence of the Congress of Country A, Taylor Uprising, the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France, the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War, the Battle of Jingleixi, twenty years of peace, Joan of Arc and so on.

Germany, Italy and Spain, Fidel I's invasion of Italy, the beginning of Habsburg dynasty, the establishment of Hanseatic League, the rise of Christian kingdom in Yuannis and Florence and Spain, the spread of sudden death and the Black Death, the spread route of the Black Death, the European economy after the Black Death, and the population affected by the Black Death for a long time decreased sharply.

Christianity and Western European culture in the Middle Ages, the evolution of Roman church hierarchy, the strengthening of religious power by Innocent III, the development of heresy movement, the emergence of universities, the rise of Gothic architecture, the code reform of Justinian I in Byzantine Empire, the external expansion of Justinian, the collapse of Byzantine Empire, Byzantine historiography, and Southeast Europe in the Middle Ages.

The establishment of the first Bulgarian kingdom, the rule of Serbian Nimanya, the Hungarian in Arpad dynasty, the Romanian in Wallachia period, the Czech Republic and Poland in the middle ages, the formation of the Czech state, the infiltration of German forces, the great unification of the Mongolian empire, the reform of Hu Si sects, and the Hu Si War.

Poland during the Puyast Dynasty, the reign of the Golden Horde, the establishment of the Liuk Dynasty, the reform of the Russian Principality in Kiev, Ivan IV, and the Livonia War.

Asia (400 ~ 1500)

The establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen's reform, Qi Yao Min Shu, the establishment of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the excavation of caves in the Northern Dynasty, the establishment of Liu Song in the Southern Dynasty, the replacement of Qi Liang and Chen, Zu Chongzhi's pursuit of pi, the prosperity of landscape poetry, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, the unification of the Sui Dynasty, the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the reform of the official system in the Sui Dynasty, and the creation of the imperial examination.

Li Chunjian, Zhao Zhouqiao, the rule of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty before and during the collapse of the Sui Dynasty, Xuanzang's Journey to the West and Jian Zhen's Dudong Wuzhou Revolution, Kaiyuan Shi Sheng Paper-making, and his entourage predicted the decline of the Tang Dynasty, the Anshi Rebellion, the battle between eunuchs and cronies, the invention of primitive gunpowder, the rise and fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the peak of poetic art, the mutiny of Chen Qiao, the reform of Wang Anshi, and the relationship between the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao and Xixia.

The invention of movable type printing, the prosperity of Song Ci, the establishment of Southern Song Dynasty, the resistance against Jin Dynasty, the prosperity of Southern Song Dynasty's commerce, Zhu's comprehensive Neo-Confucianism, the great integration of religion and the prevalence of Zen Buddhism, Genghis Khan's establishment of Mongolian Empire in Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan's proclaimed himself emperor, the establishment of provincial system in Yuan Dynasty, Guo Shoujing and punctuality calendar, Guan Hanqing and Yuanqu, and the Ming Dynasty in the middle and early period.

The establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the establishment of the cabinet at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's strengthening of the bureaucratic system, Zheng He's voyage to the West, the relationship between Daming and Southeast Asian countries, the scene in the late Ming Dynasty, the major reform of the tax system, the war between the Ming Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty, the peasant uprising and the demise of the Ming Dynasty, and the prosperity of science and technology and novels in the Ming Dynasty.

Medieval Iran, Coslos Reform, Sassanian Empire, later external expansion, the demise of Zhang Sassanian Empire, the establishment of the dead Safavid Dynasty, the history and literature of medieval Iran, developed architectural art, the establishment of the Arab Empire, its external expansion and the development of its feudal system.

The division and decline of the empire, the unification of the Mongolian empire, Batu's Western Expedition, the decline of ilhan, the short-lived Timur Empire, the rise of Ottoman Turkish Empire, the feudal system of the integration of politics and religion, the demise of Ottoman, the expansion of Byzantine Empire and Su Liman I, and the art of Turkey, from Gupta Empire to Delhi.

Gupta, the rise and fall of the Sultanate, the rise of the Japanese Empire, India in the Sultanate of Delhi, the emergence of Hinduism, advanced mathematics, astronomy, the early Mughal Empire, the establishment of the Mughal Empire in babur, Akbar Reform, the invasion of western colonists, the rise of Sikhism in India, painting and architectural art, Silla and North Korea.

Silla destroyed Baekje Goguryeo, the land system of Silla in the later period, the establishment and expansion of Silla decline. During the establishment and expansion of the Korean dynasty, the Chai Tian system and the commons system were implemented. Lee's destruction of Korea strengthened the feudal autocracy in the early period of the Great Patriotic War in Renchen, strengthened the cultural education of Korea in the Middle Ages, strengthened the prosperity of Buddhism, and strengthened the creation of Korean characters by Lee Sejong.

Japan's feudal reform, Shoto Kutaishi's reform, modernization, Nara's social economy, the rise of Japanese samurai in Heian period, the unification of Tokugawa era and Japan, the establishment of Kamakura shogunate, the development of domestic and foreign trade, and the Warring States and reunification of Japan.

America (AD 400- 1500)

Indian civilization, Aztec civilization, the establishment of Inca empire, Inca culture, Mayan trade, the social structure of Maya in the Middle Ages.

Africa (400 ~ 1500)

Feudal Egypt, the formation of the Egyptian feudal system, the independence of the Egyptian state, the struggle against the Crusaders, the prevention of the Mongolian empire from advancing westward, Egypt under Turkish rule, and the culture of medieval Egypt.

Maghreb independence in North Africa and East Africa, the unification of Aarmo's Hades dynasty, the countries of East Sudan, Ethiopia and Sangay Empire, the foreign trade of Sangay Empire developed, Ghana Kingdom in West Africa and South Africa rose and fell, Mali Kingdom rose, Sang Hai Kingdom became independent, Sang Hai Kingdom declined, and Greater Zimbabwe.

5. Capitalism

1300 ~ 1600 years

Europe (1300 ~ 1500)

In the early Italian Renaissance, Dante's Divine Comedy, the first humanists Petrarch, Boccaccio and decameron, the art of the early Renaissance, the history of the early Renaissance, and the late Italian Renaissance, all-rounders Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, giorgione and Titian.

Machiavelli, a political thinker, campanella, a utopian socialist, Renaissance artists from western European countries, utopian socialists from Diu Lei, Moore rabelais and Biography of the Giant, Shakespeare, Cervantes and Don Quixote, literary giants, and developing natural and humanities.

Copernicus and astronomical revolution, Galileo, the scientific giant, the breakthrough of mathematics, the great development of physics, Bacon and philosophy, Germany before the Reformation, developed industry and commerce, Germany under the Catholic Church, the Knights in a bad situation, German farmers under the oppression of urban class relations, the German Reformation, and Martin Luther's early religious reform views.

Extended data:

1. Since the Opium War, China's backward military forces have been unable to confront the guns of western powers. During the Qing government's rule, almost all wars between China and western powers ended in failure, with one exception, that is, the Sino-French war, which forced the fall of the French cabinet, but in the end France gained suzerainty over Vietnam, and allowed China to open its southwest ports and France to build roads in the southwest.

2. 1980, Deng Xiaoping government announced the reform and opening up, and began to implement the socialist market economy and economic system reform. China is the fastest growing economy in the world, but its per capita GNP is still at the middle level in the world, and it is gradually restricted by resource constraints and the widening gap between the rich and the poor. Guangdong is the strongest province in GDP and Zhejiang is the richest province in per capita income.

Baidu Encyclopedia-China