The ideal of railway construction is to stay away from residential areas and cultural and educational areas, but because urban land is very expensive, it is advisable to use noise barriers when roads or railways pass through residential areas. Reasonable design of the position, height and length of the sound barrier can reduce the noise by 7-24 decibels. The sound insulation method of planting green belts feels quieter psychologically, so greening and noise reduction is also one of the effective measures, and at the same time, it also takes into account the use function and landscape effect of road greening. Reasonable selection and application of garden plants with good noise reduction effect and good landscape and reasonable greening planting structure can not only reduce noise, but also beautify the environment.
Although the noise reduction effect of the noise barrier is obvious and easy to build, the use of the noise barrier is also limited, because the noise barrier must be high enough and long enough to block the road sound source, and it is difficult for the residents on the hillside or the sound receiving points close to the road and obviously higher than the noise barrier to play their role. When the distribution of sound receiving points is too scattered, the construction of sound barrier will obviously increase the investment and the effect is not obvious.
Due to the history and urban congestion, it is sometimes difficult to make a reasonable road layout, and installing noise-proof windows is an effective control method. Generally speaking, sound insulation windows include two categories: open type and fixed type, and can be subdivided into ventilation open type, ventilation fixed type, conventional open type and conventional fixed type. The biggest difference between sound insulation window and ordinary window is that it must have a certain sound insulation capacity, that is, the sound insulation capacity of the lowest sound insulation window should be above 25 dB, the sound insulation capacity of ordinary sound insulation window should be 30 ~ 35 dB, and the sound insulation capacity of ordinary civil window should be about 15 ~ 20 dB. Different materials can be selected according to different use environments and conditions, including steel structure, wood structure, steel-plastic structure and aluminum alloy structure.
Finally, developing public transportation is the best policy. Judging from the development of developed countries for many years, it is the best policy to actively improve and vigorously develop public transportation; Considering energy and environmental protection, developing public transport is also an important measure to improve urban traffic and reduce urban traffic noise.