From the end of 19 to the Revolution of 1911, political parties in China came into being and developed initially. Although there were names like "cronies" and "associates" in ancient China, scientific political parties only appeared in modern times. 1840 the opium war opened the door to China. Stimulated by foreign capitalism, China's capitalist enterprises gradually emerged and developed. By the 1970s and 1980s, the national bourgeoisie in China was finally formed. 1894 from the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 to191Xinhai Revolution, Chinese national capitalism developed further and the national bourgeoisie became a political force. In the face of the peril of the Chinese nation, they put forward the requirements of saving the nation from extinction and reforming the law to strengthen it, and launched a preliminary political struggle for this. At the same time, from the 1970s of 19, intellectuals who advocated learning from the west gradually introduced western party politics into China, providing new weapons for the political struggle of the national bourgeoisie. Constrained by the traditional prejudice of "forming a party for personal gain" in the history of China, the political parties established at this time are usually called "hui" or "society" without the name of the party. At that time, the middle and lower classes of the national bourgeoisie were weak, and political party activities began from the upper classes. The center of political party struggle is revolution or improvement, that is, to overthrow or maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. During the Reform Movement of 1898 (1895 ~ 1898), bourgeois reformers Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and other organizations, such as Qiangshe, Nanshe and National Assembly, began to have the color of political parties. 1894165438+1On October 24th, the bourgeois revolutionary Sun Yat-sen founded the Zhong Xing Society among the overseas Chinese in Lu Lu, the first formal bourgeois revolutionary party in China history (see color map).
During this period, many middle parties were established between the two parties. The main supporters of the Kuomintang are: China Youth Party,1founded in February 1923 by nationalists Ceng Qi and Li Huang (1its center moved to China in autumn 1924); Zhang Junmai, who flaunted national socialism, founded the National Socialist Party of China in June 1934+00 (and merged with other parties to form the Democratic Socialist Party of China in August 1946). During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, they supported the cooperation between the two parties and played an active role. However, after 1946, the Kuomintang launched a civil war, they quickly took refuge in the Kuomintang and supported its dictatorship. The earliest democratic parties that opposed Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship and participated in anti-Japanese and national salvation activities were: the Kuomintang left-wing Deng Yu 1930 established the China Kuomintang Temporary Action Committee (that is, 1935+0 1 the third party was renamed the China National Liberation Action Committee); Li Chen is equal to 1933+0 1 the Productive People's Party established in June and 1935 the Chinese Revolutionary League established in July and August; Shen Junru is equal to the National Salvation Federation established in May and June of 1936 (/KLOC-0 was renamed as China National Salvation Association in winter of 1945). During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, with the development of the democratic constitutional movement, some democratic parties formed the China Democratic League in March 194 1 (its predecessor was 1939+0, which was later changed to China Democratic League in September 1944), and most of them supported * *. During the War of Liberation, the struggle between the two parties in China intensified, and at the same time, some new political parties were established. 194565438+February Huang Yanpei is equal to the establishment of China Democratic National Construction Association in Chongqing, and Ma Xulun is equal to the establishment of China Association for the Promotion of Democracy in Shanghai; 1946 In May, Xu Deheng was established in Chongqing. 1947 In February, Zhang Boju and others reorganized the China National Liberation Action Committee into the China Agricultural Workers' Democratic Party; In May of the same year, china zhi gong party completed the reorganization in Hong Kong (1925 10 was established in San Francisco, USA); In June of the same year 165438+ 10, Xie Denggang established the Taiwan Democratic Self-government Alliance; 1948 1 The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, composed of the Three People's Principles Comrades' Federation and the China Kuomintang Association for Promoting Democracy, was established in Hong Kong, with Soong Ching Ling as honorary chairman and Li as chairman. These democratic parties stand on the side of the * * * production party and oppose the dictatorship of the Kuomintang. They are important allies of China's * * * production party and effective forces in the democratic movement. They played an important role in promoting the patriotic democratic movement and opposing the dictatorship of the Kuomintang.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this is a new period for the development of political parties in China. After leading the people to win the new-democratic revolution, China * * Production Party became the ruling party in People's Republic of China (PRC), leading the people throughout the country in socialist revolution and socialist construction, and made great achievements. Eight democratic parties, including Revolutionary Committee of Chinese Kuomintang, China Democratic League, China Association for Promoting Democracy, China Democratic National Construction Association, China Democratic Party of Agriculture and Workers, china zhi gong party, Jiu San Society and Taiwan Democratic Self-government League, have long-term cooperation with China Producer Party. China People's Political Consultative Conference has the same program > and
After China Nationalist Party and its followers, China Youth Party and China Democratic Socialist Party retreated to Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province Province only had these three political parties for a long time, and the Kuomintang has been in power. 1On September 28th, 986, Democratic Progressive Party representing the middle class appeared in Taiwan Province Province, which advocated peaceful competition with the mainland. 1989, Democratic Progressive Party won 2/kloc-0 seats in the "legislator" election and 6 seats in the "county mayor" election, making it the main political party in Taiwan Province province in Chinese mainland, second only to the Kuomintang. 1990, the party passed the resolution of "de facto sovereign independence of Taiwan Province province" and openly advocated "independence of Taiwan Province province". 199 1 10 in June, Democratic Progressive Party's "big five" put the ideas of "independence of Taiwan Province province" and "establishment of Taiwan Province province Republic" into the party program, which accelerated the pace of "Taiwan independence". From June 65438 to July 0987, after the Kuomintang authorities announced the lifting of martial law in Taiwan Province Province for more than 30 years, dozens of political parties such as Taiwan Province Labor Party, China People's Party, Taiwan Province Liberal Democratic Party, Taiwan Province China Liberal Party and China Democratic and Justice Party appeared in Taiwan Province Province. Among them, the Labor Party of Taiwan Province Province, which was founded on February 6th 1987, has a great influence. He declared that "taking the working people as the main body" and "socialism, economic equality and political democracy will be realized in a peaceful and democratic way", and advocated strengthening cross-strait exchanges and solving the Taiwan Province issue in a democratic and peaceful way. By 1990, there were more than 50 political parties in Taiwan Province province, including the Kuomintang of China.