1. Renaissance means that/kloc-0 rose in Italian cities at the end of March, and then spread to western European countries.16th century prevailed in Europe, bringing a period of scientific and artistic revolution and opening the curtain of modern European history, which is considered as the dividing line between the middle ages and the modern times.

2 Causes in Italy:

(1) The seeds of capitalism first appeared in Italy, and the bourgeoisie hoped to break through the shackles of church theology.

(2) Italy has a lot of ancient Greek and Roman cultural classics.

(3)14-16th century (Renaissance) Italian talents gathered in one place.

3. Reason: ① Economic reason (root cause): The development of commodity economy and the budding of capitalism need funds, markets and raw materials, so they expand outward.

② Social reasons: Western European countries are eager to open up new routes in order to obtain oriental commodities and gold.

③ The direct cause:/kloc-The expansion of Turkey in the 5th century cut off the trade routes (Silk Road) from western European countries to the East.

④ Objective reasons: the invention of compass and the development of shipbuilding technology.

⑤ Ideological reason: It was the Renaissance, and humanism advocated the spirit of adventure and enterprising.

Columbus arrived in the western part of America.

(2) Diaz, arrived at the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.

(3) da gama, arrived in eastern India.

(4) Magellan, sailing around the world

For the route, you can look at some pictures on the internet, which is not convenient to describe here.

The notes in the book, play by hand.