Yuanmingyuan, also known as Yuanming Sanyuan, is a large-scale royal garden in the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, adjacent to the Summer Palace, and consists of Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, so it is also called Yuanming Sanyuan. In addition, there are many small gardens in the east, west and south, surrounded by stars.

Covering an area of 3.5 square kilometers, with a building area of 200,000 square meters and more than 0/50 scenic spots, it is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". Every summer, the imperial capital of Qing Dynasty comes here to escape the heat, listen to politics and deal with military and political affairs, so it is also called the Summer Palace.

Yuanmingyuan, which was founded in the Qing Dynasty 150 years ago, was once famous for its grand geographical scale, outstanding architectural skills, exquisite architectural landscape, rich cultural collection and profound national cultural connotation, and was praised by French writer victor hugo as "a model of all gardening arts" and "a model of ideals and art".

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1856 10, Britain and France jointly launched the second opium war with the support of Russia and the United States. From the next day, the officers and men began to rob and destroy crazily. In order to force the Qing government to accept peace conditions as soon as possible, the British and French allied forces looted for two days and then broke into the city.

The real concept of burning Yuanmingyuan is not just burning Yuanmingyuan, but burning the royal three mountains and five gardens in the west of Beijing. The burning area is much larger than that of Yuanmingyuan. These three mountains and five gardens are: Wanshou Mountain, Yuquan Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain, Qingyi Garden, Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden, Jingming Garden and Jingyi Garden.

When the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan, it was intended to raze it to the ground. However, due to the large area of Yuanmingyuan, scattered scenic spots and vast waters, some remote places and scenic spots in the water survived. According to the winter survey in the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), there are still 13 buildings in the park, such as Penglai Yaotai in Yuanmingyuan, Spring Scenery in Wuling, Zangzhouwu, Dagongmen and Zhengjue Temple in Wanchunyuan.

When Yuanmingyuan was still burning, Prince Yixin, who was ordered to stay in Beijing, agreed to all the conditions of the invaders. Soon, the Tianjin Treaty text was exchanged with Britain, France and Russia, and the Beijing Treaty was signed.

Baidu encyclopedia-Yuanmingyuan