1. Primitive society
(1) Paleolithic (ancient)-Yuanmou people, Beijingers (primitive people); Prehistoric caveman
(2) Neolithic Age (farming age)-Banpo residents, Hemudu residents, Dawenkou residents and Huangdi Yao Shunyu residents (clan commune).
2. Ancient inhabitants of the motherland
Name: time and place of discovery, physical characteristics, production and living conditions, social organization.
Yuanmou Man About 6.5438+0.7 million years ago, Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, was the earliest known human being in China.
Beijingers preserved some features of apes in Longgushan Cave in Zhoukoudian, southwest Beijing, about 700,000-200,000 years ago. They use natural fire to make stone tools, preserve fire, live in groups, and get food through hunting and gathering.
Neanderthals were about 65438+8000 years old.
Cave on the top of Longgu Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing
Basically similar to modern people.
Hammer stone tools, but have begun to master grinding and drilling techniques to make fire by hand, sew clothes with bone needles and animal skins, weave nets for fishing, gathering and hunting; Necklace, love beauty; * * * Working together, no clan life,
Human society is constantly developing and progressing.
3. What progress have cavemen made compared with Beijingers?
Fire control organization for residents' fitness tools
Peking man preserved some characteristics of ape-man, made stone tools, sticks and hunted with natural fire, and preserved the primitive man of fire.
Neanderthals are basically similar to modern people in using hammering stone tools, but they have begun to master grinding and drilling techniques; Sewing clothes with bone needles and animal skins and weaving nets for fishing, gathering and hunting; Necklace, love beauty; Artificial fire race
Cavemen are more progressive than Beijingers.
The fundamental difference between humans and animals lies in whether they can make tools.
5. The basic reason why early human beings lived in small groups was the low level of productivity.
6. Summarize the general situation of Hemudu residents and Banpo residents by tabulation.
Hemudu residents Banpo residents
The time is 6000 years ago, more than 5000 years ago.
Located in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang (Yangtze River Basin), Xi 'an Banpo, Shaanxi (Yellow River Basin)
Tool grinders and bone tools (thunder) generally use grinders.
(Mu Lei, stone knife, arrow, harpoon, hook)
Crops, rice, millet and vegetables
House trunk type
Semi-basement type (adapted to the local humid and muggy climate)
(adapt to the dry and cold climate in the north)
Livestock raising pigs and dogs and buffalo raising pigs and dogs.
Handicraft black pottery painted pottery, spinning, weaving, clothing.
7. Similarities and differences between Hemudu residents and Banpo residents
The same: 1) are all in the clan commune period; 2) All grinding stone tools are used; 3) Primitive agriculture, handicrafts and animal husbandry have been developed; 4) They all began to settle down.
Poor: 1) Different regions (Hemudu residents are located in the Yangtze River basin and Banpo residents are located in the Yellow River basin); 2) Planting different crops (Hemudu residents plant rice, Banpo residents plant millet); 3) The use of pottery is different (Hemudu residents use black pottery, Banpo residents use painted pottery).
8. The geographical location of the following clan commune human sites is from west to east: Banpo aborigines (Xi 'an Banpo, Shaanxi Province (Yellow River Basin))-Hemudu aborigines (Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province (Yangtze River Basin))-Neanderthals (Gulong Peak, Zhoukoudian, Beijing)-Dawenkou aborigines (Dawenkou area, Tai 'an County, Shandong Province, four or five thousand years ago, middle
)
9. In primitive times, a relatively fixed production and living collective composed of blood relationship was called clan.
Banpo site and Hemudu site are both clan village sites.
10. Tribe: a social organization in primitive times, consisting of two or more clans with similar blood.
1 1 or above. Four thousand years ago, there were three outstanding tribal leaders in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River: Yan Di, surnamed Jiang and Shennong (the founder of agricultural production); Huangdi, surnamed Ji,No. Xuanyuan; Chiyou, the leader of Jiuli nationality.
12. The legendary Yellow Emperor lived in the middle of Dawenkou culture, which was equivalent to the primitive society in China.
13. When Yu became the leader of the tribal alliance, the primitive society in China ended.
14. What contributions did the Yellow Emperor make in history?
1) contributed to the formation of the Chinese nation: Four or five thousand years ago, the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di defeated Chiyou in the Zhuolu War, and the Yanhuang tribes formed an alliance and gradually formed the Chinese nation.
2) Contributed to the ancient civilization of China: According to legend, the Yellow Emperor built palaces, made clothes, taught people to dig wells, and invented boats and cars.
His wife Lei Zu invented sericulture and silk reeling, and his subordinate Cang Xie invented writing, which made great efforts as the main branch, and Ling Lun compiled music scores.
Later generations revered him as "the ancestor of mankind".
15. Tribal alliance: Tribal alliance formed in the late primitive times broke the boundaries of clan tribes and became a regional social organization.
16. What method was used to elect the leader of the tribal alliance during Yao Shunyu's reign? What contribution did Dayu make?
Implement the "abdication system" (the system of replacing tribal leaders and recommending talented people as tribal leaders).
Dayu's contribution: 1) He made great contributions to water control, but he didn't enter the house for three times.
2) In 2070 BC, the first slavery dynasty-Xia Dynasty was established.