General situation of nature

Wudang Mountain, also known as Taihe Mountain, was named "Da Yue" and "Xuan Yue" by the Ming emperors. Located in the southwest of Danjiang City, Hubei Province, China, east longitude11056'15 "~115. The elevation of Tianzhu Peak, the main peak, is1612m. There are 72 peaks around the arch, 24 streams flow, and the cave is hidden in it. The white clouds and green trees complement each other and are spectacular.

Wudang Mountain is located in subtropical monsoon climate. The zonal vegetation is deciduous broad-leaved forest with evergreen broad-leaved layer. The vertical band spectrum of vegetation is obvious, and the baseband has subtropical scenery, which is the transition zone between subtropical and warm temperate zones. Because it is close to Danjiang Reservoir, the mountain is foggy and humid.

There are three generations of ancient buildings in Wudang Mountain: Yuan, Ming and Qing, and the architectural system was formed in the early Ming Dynasty. During the whole construction process, feng shui experts were assigned to investigate and select the site, and skilled craftsmen from all over the country were brought together to carefully construct it. The Minister of Industry personally supervised the construction, which made the whole building complex unique.

The ancient building complex of Wudang Mountain was built in Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty (627-649 AD), and has successively built Wulong Temple, Taiyi Temple, Yanchang Temple and Wei Wu Gong Xin Temple. In the second year of Tianxi (A.D. 10 18), Song Zhenzong expanded the Wulong Temple and changed it. During the reign of Xuanhe in Song Huizong (A.D.119-1125), Ziyun Temple, Laojun Temple and Xianguantai were built. In the 23rd year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (A.D. 1286), Wulong Temple was built by Taoism and upgraded to a palace. In the eighth year of Dade in Yuan Chengzong (A.D. 1304), more than 0/00 buildings including Fudimen, Tianyi Zhenqing Palace, Yuxuyan Temple, Raytheon Cave Temple and Yinxianyan Temple were built. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Judy was the emperor, and her country name was Le Shui. He took a series of measures to consolidate the imperial power, used Taoism in Wudang Mountain, and advocated "the divine right of the imperial power" to repay the favor and overhaul Wudang. Yongle 10 to 22 years (A.D. 14 12- 1424), issued imperial edicts for many times, planned to build the concept of Wudang Mountain Road instructors, and sent more than 200,000 military and civilian craftsmen to Wudang Mountain for large-scale construction. 12 years later, 72 buildings with 9 palaces, 9 views and 36 floors were built. In the 14th year of Yongle (A.D. 14 16), the emperor ordered 550 prisoners and 3 123 people to be sent to Wudang Mountain for reclamation, and to pay grain, tea, salt and cotton every year to support the palace.

Make Zhou Jun garrison patrol Shan Ye, send servants to sweep the palace and burn bricks, maintain the palace, and let Chief Secretary Huguang patrol and supervise regularly. Set up a palace to cast seals and protect the palace view, and named Wudang Mountain "Taiyue Taihe Mountain". Wudang Mountain has now become a royal temple landscape. For more than 200 years, the new emperor of the Ming Dynasty had to follow the ancestral system when he ascended the throne, let the imperial envoys go to Wudang Mountain to worship, allocate funds to maintain the palace view, and appoint internal ministers to take charge of protection and management. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, in the thirty-first year of Jiajing (A.D. 1552), Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty allocated funds to rebuild Wudang, so that the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry and Chief Secretary Hu Guang and other 99 officials led more than 60 military and civilian craftsmen from various counties to Wudang. After one and a half years' efforts, 955 temples, 40,000-meter palace walls and 28 stone bridges have been restored and expanded, and a memorial archway has been erected to seal the Xuan Yue. So far, Wudang Mountain still maintains a huge Taoist architectural complex dominated by Eight Gongs and Two Views in the Ming Dynasty, covering an area of more than 2,666 hectares, with Taoist officials, Taoists, troops and craftsmen 10000.

Wudang Mountain has four palaces: Taihe Palace, Nanyanfu Palace, Ziyun Palace and Yuzhen Palace, two ruins of Yuxu Palace and Wulong Palace, and a large number of Antang, Shenci Temple and Yanshi Temple, with a total of more than 200 ancient buildings, with a construction area of 50,000 square meters and an area of 1 10,000 square meters. In order to protect this precious heritage, the China Municipal Government has promulgated a series of policies and regulations, and established the Wudang Mountain Cultural Relics Protection Institute in 196 1, which is responsible for management, maintenance and protection.

The State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC), announced in 196 1, 1982 and 1988 that Wudang Mountain Jin Dian, Ziyun Palace and "Shi Zhi Xuanyue" archway were national key cultural relics protection units.

1982, People's Republic of China (PRC) the State Council approved Wudang Mountain as a national key scenic spot, and established Wudang Mountain Scenic Spot Administration. 1994, Wudang Mountain Ancient Architecture Complex was officially listed as a cultural heritage in the World Heritage List by UNESCO.

Cultural investigation

The ancient buildings in Wudang Mountain have experienced many vicissitudes. There are 4 Taoist temples, 2 palace que ruins, 2 Taoist temples, and a large number of sacred words and rock temples. In terms of layout, rules, style, materials and technology, it has maintained its original state. The main building is the Palace Temple, which is built on a cohesive basin or a platform assisted by mountains. The Antang Temple is distributed near the Palace Temple, forming its own school, while the Rock Temple stands at the peak, surrounded by dangers, forming a huge landscape of "five miles and ten miles to the bottom, with green tiles and exquisite walls". It has reached a perfect realm in architectural art and architectural aesthetics, and is rich in ancient China culture and scientific and technological connotation. It is a physical witness to the study of politics, religious history and ancient buildings in China in the early Ming Dynasty. The ancient buildings in Wudang Mountain have the following main features:

The ancient buildings in Wudang Mountain are distributed in the mountains with Tianzhu Peak as the center. The overall planning is rigorous, the key points are clear, the scale is orderly and the layout is reasonable. Choose the location of the building, pay attention to the environment, and pay attention to the density of the mountain-shaped water veins. The planning of architectural design is grand, small and exquisite, in the deep mountains or on the edge of dangerous cliffs, achieving a high degree of harmony between architecture and nature, with a strong sense of architectural rhythm and genius and creativity.

Superb technical and artistic achievements Wudang Mountain has various types of ancient buildings and a wide range of materials. Various designs, structures, decorations and furnishings, including wooden palaces, bronze temples, stone temples, bronze statues, wood carvings, stone carvings and clay sculptures, have achieved high technical and artistic achievements.

Wudang Mountain Taoist complex, the treasure of Taoist architecture, has always been planned and built by the emperor himself and managed by the royal family. Existing buildings are unique among existing Taoist buildings in China, with large scale, high planning, rigorous structure, exquisite decoration and numerous statues and offerings.

It reflects the great achievements of ancient science and technology in China. The Golden Temple in Wudang Mountain, the statues and altars in the temple are all copper-cast distilled gold, and the castings are huge. Turning castings by lost wax method (wax pattern) represents the great development of science and technology and foundry industry in the early Ming Dynasty (15th century).

The construction of Wudang Mountain complex is of great historical significance. It is of great historical and ideological significance for Zhu Xiang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, to expand his diplomacy, at the same time to vigorously promote Taoism and instill the idea of "divine right of imperial power" in order to consolidate his internal rule.

The main heritages The main heritages in the ancient buildings of Wudang Mountain are Taihe Paifang, Southern Yan Palace, Ziyun Palace, Fuzhen Temple and Xuan Yue Stone Square.

● Hall of Supreme Harmony: Located in the south of Tianzhu Peak, it covers an area of 80,000 square meters, with more than 20 ancient buildings and a building area of 1600 square meters. The main buildings are:

1. Jin Dian: A bronze-cast wood-like palace building in the Ming Dynasty, located in the center of the stone platform at the top of Tianzhu Peak, with an area of about160m2 and an orientation of 8 degrees east of south. The main hall is three rooms wide and deep, with a width of 4.4m, a depth of 3. 15m and a height of 5.54m There are 65,438+02 columns around it, with overlapping frames and foreheads. There are double-inclined and single-inclined arch arches on the columns to support the upper and lower eaves respectively, forming a double-eaves basement roof. Dragons cast at both ends of the main ridge face each other. Four doors plastered with plaster, with four walls installed between columns. The ceiling of the hall adopts a flat chess ceiling with soft and smooth lines. The ground is covered with purple stone, washed and polished. The characteristic of the roof is "pushing the mountain". There is an altar in front of the screen on the back wall of the temple, carved with a statue of the great warrior. On the left, the golden boy holds a book, and on the right, the jade girl holds a treasure. Fire and water will hold a flag and hold a sword to guard the hatchback. There is a Xuanwu statue under the altar, which is a combination of gold and ten thousand. In front of the altar, there is an incense table and an offering. Above the altar hung a goldsmith's forehead, on which were cast the words "Golden Light and Wonderful Phase" written by the holy father of Qing Dynasty, Michelle Ye. The gold medal of dragon barrel distillation is hung on the eaves of the temple, and the word "Golden Hall" is vertically cast on it. All parts of the temple are cast by lost wax method, and the whole body is gilded. Whether it is ceramic tile or wood, the structure is rigorous and the joints are precise. After more than 500 years of cold and hot changes, it is still as brilliant as ever, showing the height of the development of China's foundry industry, which can be called a bright pearl in the existing ancient architecture and foundry technology.

2. Bronze Temple: Located on Xiaolianfeng in front of Tianzhu Peak. It was cast in the 11th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1307), with a cantilever beam top with a height of 3m, a width of 2.8m and a depth of 2.4m. All components were cast in one piece, assembled with mortises and tenons, and all castings were marked with words indicating the installation position. The words "This hall was cast in Wuchang Wan Workshop" are cast on the fan skirt, which is the earliest existing copper-cast wood structure in China.

3. Forbidden City: Built in the 17th year of Yongle (A.D. 14 19), it is surrounded by Yantianzhu Peak, with a circumference of 345 meters, a wall base thickness of 2.4 meters, a wall thickness of 10.8 meters and the highest point of the wall10 meters. According to China, it is made of rocks, and each stone weighs more than 500 kilograms. The stone carving is built on the cliff, which is ingenious in design and difficult to construct. It is the product of the combination of science and art in Ming Dynasty.

● Zixiao Palace: located at the foot of Zhanqi Peak in the southeast of Wudang Mountain, it was built in the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty (119-1125) and in the 11th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (141). There are 29 existing buildings with a building area of 6,854 square meters. There are five terraces on the central axis. Longhutang, Beiting, Tang Shifang, Zixiaotang and Shengwenmutang were built from top to bottom, and the two sides were divided into three courtyards by buildings such as houses, forming a group of halls and buildings with clear priorities. The middle wings of the palace are quadrangle-style Taoist houses.

The main building in the palace, Zixiao Hall, is the most representative wooden building in Wudang Mountain. It is built on a three-story stone platform, with platforms leading to the main hall in the center and left and right sides of the platform. There are five halls in width and depth, the height is18.3m, the width is 29.9m, the depth is12m, and the area is 358.8m. There are 36 eaves columns and gold columns, which are arranged neatly. The main hall is a large wooden structure with double eaves and resting on the top of the mountain. It is set off by a three-story altar, with moderate proportion and harmonious appearance. Keep the upper and lower eaves before the early Ming Dynasty. Stigma and bucket show the characteristics of bucket rod in Ming Dynasty. The beam structure is made of ebony, and the aspect ratio is 5: 2.5, which keeps the material ratio since Song and Liao Dynasties. The golden pillars in the temple,

When smallpox is applied to the wellhead, there are eight caissons in the bay. On the back of the Ming Dynasty, there was a carved stone shrine of Mount Sumi, in which the statues of the Jade Emperor and the left and right attendants were all made by the Ming Dynasty.

The roof of Zixiao Hall is completely covered with glazed tiles of Quelan, and the main ridge, vertical ridge and ridge are carved yellow and green, with rich and colorful decoration, which is rare for other religious buildings.

● Southern Yan Palace: It was built from the 22nd year of Yuan Dynasty to the 3rd year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1285- 13 12) and expanded in the 10th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 14 12). Located at the foot of Duyangyan, the mountain is like the wings of the sky, famous for its beautiful peaks. There are 2l existing buildings with a building area of 3,505 square meters and an area of 90,000 square meters. There is a motion saying that Tianyi Zhenqing Palace Stone Room, two instrument halls, the Royal Classic Hall, the Feng Ba Pavilion, the Dragon and Tiger Hall, the Great Monument Pavilion and the Nantianmen Building. The main building, Tianyi Zhenqing Palace Stone Hall, was built three years ago (AD 13lO), with a width of 1 1 m, a depth of 6.6m and a height of 6.8m.. Beams, columns, doors and windows are all carved with blue stones. It is the practice of Liao and Jin dynasties that the front slope at the top is a single eaves leaning against the mountain, and the back slope is a hanging rock with two jumps under the eaves. The dragon head incense, 3 meters long and only o.33 meters wide, descended from the sky, facing the deep valley, and put a small incense burner on the tap, which is extremely dangerous, artistic and scientific.

● Restore the real concept: it was built in the 10th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 14 12) and rebuilt in the 22nd year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1683). Located in front of Lion Peak, there are 20 existing buildings with a building area of 3,505 square meters and an area of 60,000 square meters. The 9Jr ramp on the side of Guanmen Mountain is built with a fence, which looks like Youlong. There are Zhaobi, KATTO Furnace, Longhu Hall, Daxiong Hall and Taizi Hall on the central axis. On the left side of the Taoist temple, there are Imperial Classics Hall, Wisdom Classics Pavilion, Diange and Zhai Room, which overlap with the mountain. There is Wuyun Building in front, and 12 beams are erected on the wing corner columns of the fifth floor, which are crossed and stacked. It is a rare structure in large wooden buildings, and it is called one column and twelve beams.

● "Xuan Yue" archway: It was built in the 31st year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD l 552). Located at 4000 meters east of Wudang Mountain, it is the first portal of Wudang Mountain, also known as Xuanyue Gate. The stone chisel imitates the big wooden building structure, with three archways, four columns and five floors, with a height of 1 1.9 m and a width of 14.5 m. The ratio of Ming to Xiao is 5: 3. The square column is 6.4 meters high and the column body is reinforced with iron hoops. There is a Longmen Square at the top of the column, and the lower light room is a large and small relief square. The upper part of the square rolls grass flowers to support the petition, and the lower part, the hall flower board is embedded between the squares, forming three doorways with high lighting room and slightly lower sides. The main building is installed on a gantry, with columns erected on the left and right sides of the bay and rectangular horizontal plaques embedded in it. The wing building, the cloud board and the annex building are erected in two floors, forming a broad and towering main building and wing building, which is a three-story, mountain-leaning square building extending from top to bottom, and the words "Governing the world in Xuan Yue" are engraved on the horizontal plaque. This workshop has simple structure, complete components, balanced and rigorous assembly, luxurious decoration and exquisite carving. People, animals and flowers are carved by line carving, round carving and relief. It is a masterpiece of the southern stone archway and a treasure of stone carving art in Ming Dynasty.

In addition, 1486 bronze, iron, wood and stone statues are preserved in temples all over the mountain, including nearly dry products made before the Ming Dynasty, 409 stone carvings in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, 682 utensils and books. , are precious cultural heritage.

/? action _ view news _ itemid _ 1 1037 . html