Liu Xin and follwed are still in-laws, but when I think about it, I can't help gnashing my teeth at the thought that follwed killed my two sons. If we don't start early, we will be killed sooner or later. Therefore, we are United and agree to plan a coup with Wang and Dong Zhongmi.
Wang and Dong advocated immediate action, but astronomer Liu Xin disagreed. He believes that it is necessary to follow the appearance of astronomical phenomena and other Taibai stars in order to launch an attack, otherwise it will be exhausted. Anxious to discuss this matter with Wu Hou, who advocated starting an army. Ji Sun came home upset and didn't want tea and rice. His wife was surprised, asked again and again, and finally learned the truth, frightened to disgrace, and quickly discussed with her brother. Hearing this, his younger brother was also very scared, and quickly forced Ji Sun to report follwed.
Wang Mang, who was worried about the insurgents in various places, was dumbfounded when he learned that his cousin and children's in-laws were going to rebel. But he quietly sent someone to call the three together. The three men didn't know that the plot had been leaked, and they came to the palace defenseless. They didn't say anything when they saw follwed's face was livid. They just made a gesture to the attendants and asked if they had any rebellion. The three governors have leaked the secret, and all excuses are superfluous, so they bowed their heads and pleaded guilty.
Wang Mang ordered three people to win. Dong Zhong drew his sword and committed suicide. The assistant king thought he was going to assassinate Wang Mang and shouted, Fu is going to rebel! ? The Emperor's Gate immediately stabbed Dong Zhong with a disorderly sword. In the chaos, Liu Xin and the king snake also drew their swords and committed suicide. Follwed hated Dong Zhong, and he ordered the guards who came to guard to cut Dong Zhong's body and destroy his family. Wang Snake is a relative of Wang Mang, and Liu Xin is his favorite in-laws. Wang Mang could not publicize the fact of their rebellion, so Wang Mang kept their death decision secret.
However, the reorganization of the new dynasty has completely failed, and the collapse of the new dynasty is inevitable. Wang Mang reluctantly sent the traditional custom doctor Si Guoxian and others to various places and announced the abolition of all the imperial edicts he had issued since he became emperor, such as the mining field order and the handmaiden order.
Ten years before and after? Reorganize? Finally, it ended in complete failure. However, as the insurgents approached Doumen, customs doctors could not go anywhere to announce this imperial edict. In fact, these measures have long existed in name only. In the same year of rebellion with Wang She, Dong Zhong and Liu Xin, the outlaw hero made Liu Xuan, the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, start again in the first year of Gaiyuan. When Wang Mang learned that, he was frightened and had a presentiment that his end was not far away.
In September, the fourth year of Emperor Wang Mang's reign, the first year of restarting (twenty-three years), Xuanpingmen (commonly known as Doumen) in the northeast of Chang 'an was breached by the restarting army, and the flood of the Han army burst its banks into Chang 'an, killing countless people. The defeated troops of Wang Mang fought a life-and-death battle under Lang in the north of Gongcheng. The Han army issued an order: catch Wang Mang, seal his official position and reward him.
Stimulated more than 700 Han soldiers rushed to the front and fought bravely. The next day, young people in the city automatically gathered and burned a side door of Weiyang Palace, shouting in unison: Anti-thief Wang Mang, come out and surrender! ? At this time, Weiyang Palace is already a sea of fire, and follwed is running around like a lost dog in the sea of fire. However, at this time, he did not forget to take his destiny to bless his ascension. Wang Mang, pale, encouraged himself as he fled: I was born virtuous. What can Han Bing do to me?
On the third day, Wang Mang, who was scared half to death by blood and fire, left Baihumen from Qiandian along the palace road where horses and chariots had been prepared, with the support of more than 1,000 officials who were almost scared half to death. Follwed hurriedly got on the bus and went down to the stage in the middle of the warehouse pool in Weiyang Palace. This platform is ten feet high and surrounded by water. More than 1000 people, Wang Mang, the monarch and his subjects, fled to Taiwan Province step by step, thinking that they could live here. Follwed trembling with Fu Ming and Dou Wei, praying for the blessing of the gods, ordered the guards to desperately resist the Han army that had entered the palace.
However, in the end, the guard was no match for the flood of Han troops, who chased the platform and surrounded it. There was a fierce battle on stage and off stage. In the scuffle, Chang 'an businessman Du Wu hacked Wang Mang to death with a sword, and a captain and guests came forward to cut off Wang Mang's head. In this way, the most incomprehensible emperor in the history of China died.
Wang Mang's head was sent to the emperor, and he ordered Wang Mang's head to be hung on the street of Wanxian County for public display. The people were furious when they saw the head of this hypocritical emperor who likes to play with two-faced tactics. They rushed down and fell and kicked on the ground, and Wang Mang's head suddenly became bloody. Still unwilling to take revenge, people pried open Wang Mang's mouth, hooked out his tongue, cut it into small pieces with a sharp knife, and everyone scrambled to swallow it one by one. Wang Mang deceived many people with his long tongue!
This year, Wang Mang was 68 years old. From the age of 38, he worked as a fu, 5 1 photographer, 54-year-old emperor, and was killed at the age of 68. Wang Mang spent 30 years on the stage at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. With his history of rise and fall, Wang Mang performed a series of complicated and ups and downs of ugly dramas and farce in Han Dynasty. He once wanted to use his secret recipe of salvation to ease social contradictions and make himself a hero of salvation, but history turned him into a lovely clown, a traitor in troubled times, a complete careerist and schemer.
If Wang Mang only wants to seize power as emperor, it is not impossible for him to succeed. Moreover, he has successfully achieved the highest power in the Han Dynasty and successfully became the emperor of the new dynasty. But Wang Mang not only wants to be an emperor, but also wants to be a saint. His unrealistic goal doomed his tragic ending.
Wang mang? Togu reorganization? , blindly retro, the ancient ideal society described in Confucian classics as an achievable goal. Many successful founding emperors did not have any political blueprints before they came to power, or although they made promises, they became a reality after they came to power. However, after Wang Mang came to power, he stubbornly pursued his retro reform with greater enthusiasm, and also pushed himself to the wall. He stuck to the rules, everything should conform to the ancient meaning, and tried his best to restore the face of ancient society, causing dissatisfaction and hatred in all aspects of society.
Wang Mang deliberately acted as a moral model before going to the stage, and paid a huge price for it, exhausted all his possessions, and even forced his son to die, leaving his family with a hard life and always humble and polite. But this will not hinder others, nor will it harm the interests of others, so it can win praise.
Things will be different when he has mastered the power of state affairs. On the one hand, Wang Mang will proceed from his own logic and put forward unrealistic moral goals higher than those stipulated by law, such as? There are no two houses in the city, no prison proceedings against officials, no thieves in the city, no hungry people in the wild, and no way to meet them? Wait a minute.
Because it can't be done in real life, the method of forced implementation can only deceive others. On the other hand, his behavior forced his deputies to follow suit, but no one could stand such high demands. Except for a few people who can cope in two ways, most people will stay away from him and alienate Wang Mang. For example, Wang Mang took the lead in donating money to help the victims. Although ministers responded in succession, not many people were sincerely willing to do so.
It is hard to say that Wang Mang doesn't want to solve the serious social crisis and sharp social contradictions since the end of the Western Han Dynasty, nor can he be regarded as an out-and-out cunning man. As Bai Juyi, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, said in Yan Fang:? In the days of the Duke of Zhou, he was afraid of gossip and paid homage to the throne before Wang Mang usurped the throne. Who knows that the historical environment and the real society, especially the needs of political struggle, will greatly change a person. But the most important thing is that the nature of the ruling group represented by Wang Mang determines his actions.
The representation of this ruling group attribute cannot be fundamentally changed, which also determines the evolution of Wang Mang's personal characteristics and cannot surpass the group to which he belongs. What is the difference between Wang Mang's reform and other reforms in history? Togu reorganization? Everything is based on illusion.
The failure of Wang Mang's reorganization can be attributed to the following aspects:
The contents of some reforms are far from the objective reality. For example, follwed issued imperial edicts to change the world? Wang Tian? Privately owned land will be nationalized, and the form of land ownership will be changed, thus eliminating the social phenomenon of land annexation. However, after hundreds of years of development, private ownership of land is no longer a dead letter that can be changed. In the process of implementation, Wang Tian system encountered insurmountable contradictions, which finally made it helpless. The rule that land is not allowed to be bought or sold is even more difficult to work.
Because since the emergence of private ownership of land by the landlord class, land sales have become its inevitable companion. What's the name of the handmaiden promoted by Wang Mang? Private? This policy is essentially a retro fantasy divorced from reality. The urban economic policy promulgated by Wang Mang, that is, the five-average and six-management law, is not bad in itself, but the implementation results prove that it is a search policy aimed at accumulating wealth. This is because the officials appointed by Wang Mang to preside over these undertakings are mostly the original industrial and commercial owners. Because the government is unable to control them, they use this new identity to abuse power for personal gain and extort money unscrupulously.
Others are against objective laws. For example, in Wang Mang's monetary system reform, almost every reform is based on small and easy, which undermines the law of value. Wang Mang announced that the gold and silver would be nationalized and not exchanged, which was a blatant robbery! At the same time, the monetary reform ignores the laws of the currency itself, putting five different materials, six different currencies and 28 categories into circulation at one time, and the unreasonable price comparison among various currencies will inevitably lead to disastrous consequences. At the same time, social and economic life requires long-term use of money, stable value and frequent changes, which is a taboo of monetary policy.
However, Wang Mang carried out four monetary reforms in six years, and the speed of change was unprecedented in the history of China. Wang Mang also divided the land twice, enfeoffed the vassal territory, and deceived the courtiers with the idealized enfeoffment system of the Zhou Dynasty. Since the Qin Dynasty established an autocratic and centralized administrative system, the county system is a local administrative system that is more suitable for the law of historical development. Wang Mang whimsically wants to fully restore the system of enfeoffment in the Western Zhou Dynasty after it was established for more than 200 years. What is its essence? Retro? To the point of obsession and irrationality.
On the ethnic issue, Wang Mang caused much ado about nothing and suffered a disastrous defeat. Wang Mang takes non-Han nationality as his heart? Barbarian Rong Di? This idea was put into practice untimely, which eventually led to a protracted all-round national war.
The history of Wang Mang's prosperity and decline can only prove that it is impossible for the declining ruling group to change the dynasty by its own strength in order to change the decline of the old dynasty. Rulers of different brands based on the same social group can complete regime change through conspiracy, but they can't and can't change the essence of the original decadent rule. Deceptive? Reorganize? It is impossible to alleviate the social crisis, and the result can only be to deepen the people's suffering, intensify social contradictions, and finally destroy the society and itself in a serious social crisis.