195 1 changed its name to the archives of the Palace Museum.
1955 12 was moved to the leadership of the national archives bureau and renamed as the first historical archives.
1June, 958, it was renamed as Ming and Qing Archives.
1959 10 merged into the central archives, which is called the Ming and Qing Archives Department of the Central Archives.
1969, the Archives Department of Ming and Qing Dynasties was placed under the Palace Museum.
1April, 980, returned to the leadership of the National Archives Bureau and established the first historical archives in China.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 74 files of the central and some local organs, with more than 6,543.38+million files, of which more than 3,000 files came from archives of ming dynasty, mainly from the Qing Dynasty, including 1607 to 19 1 1 year, and Puyi lived and sojourned in the Forbidden City after her abdication. Most of them are Chinese paper files, as well as Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan files, and a small number of Manchu wooden signs and Manchu old files formed in the early Qing Dynasty.
Most of these files have been sorted and catalogued to varying degrees for reference. There are cataloging department, storage and utilization department, editing and research department, Manchu department, technology department, historical archives magazine, office and so on. The National Archives Catalogue Center of Ming and Qing Dynasties is also located in this museum. The archives kept in the museum are basically open to the public for inspection by domestic and foreign units and individuals.
195 1 year later, he has edited and published more than 40 collections of historical materials on various topics, such as Archives of Qing Dynasty, Memorials of Emperor Kangxi's Zhu Pi and Archives of Sino-Russian Relations in Qing Dynasty. He has also compiled and published four monographs, including An Overview of Central State Organs in Qing Dynasty, An Overview of the Archives of China No.1 Historical Archives, Chronology of Chinese and Foreign Embassies in Qing Dynasty, and Examination of Local Officials System in Qing Dynasty. Periodicals in museums are historical archives. Hu Wanglin, director of China No.1 Historical Archives. Because the palace office was burned down when the Ming Dynasty perished, a large number of Ming Dynasty archives were reduced to ashes. After that, the Qing government ordered the destruction of the archives of the Ming Dynasty many times, and the bookshelves in various places and the archives stored in the Nanming court were destroyed for it. Daxing Literary Prison in Qing Dynasty also destroyed a large number of books and files of Ming Dynasty. To sum up, there are only a handful of archives of ming dynasty.
More than 3,000 pieces (volumes) of archives of ming dynasty preserved in the First Historical Archives of China were collected in the form of imperial edicts when the History of Ming Dynasty was compiled after the Qing Emperor Kangxi. The period from the fourth year of Hongwu to the seventeenth year of Chongzhen includes Hongwu, Yongle, Xuande, Chenghua, Zhengde, Jiajing, Qin Long, Wanli, Taichang, Apocalypse and Chongzhen. The earliest existing archives of ming dynasty is Hongwu's four-year household registration form and land sale deed. The main languages are: imperial edict, imperial edict, title book, playing book, title line draft, posting, submission, signature book, calligraphy, address, payment, map, contract, tax bill, household registration book, etc.
The precious archives of ming dynasty in the collection mainly includes: the earliest existing archives of ming dynasty in our library-Hukou Book and Land Sale Deed (137 1 year), and the earliest existing imperial edict in our library-Yongle Imperial edict, which is the largest, oldest and most preserved in our country and owned by Chinese people. After the invasion, looting and burning of foreign powers in the late Qing Dynasty, as well as the regime change and war damage during the period of Beiyang warlords and Kuomintang, the loss of archives in the Qing Dynasty was also quite serious. According to incomplete statistics, there are less than 20 million Qing Dynasty archives in the hands of public institutions and private individuals at home and abroad.
1, file content.
More than 100 million Qing Dynasty files preserved in China No.1 Historical Archives are documents and files formed in the first nine years of Qing Dynasty (1607) to the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1) for more than 300 years. The latest file is1Xuan Tong's abdication letter on February 25th (19 12 February 12).
In addition, it also includes the archives formed during the period of 192 1-kloc-0/931after Puyi abdicated, such as the Dezong Hadith compiled by Xuantong Small Court in the 13th year of Xuan Tong (1921). Archives cover politics, economy, military affairs, culture, art, nationality, religion, diplomacy, science and technology, astronomy, geography, meteorology, major events, important laws and regulations, important historical figures and many other aspects, and are valuable first-hand materials for studying and compiling Qing history.
2, the file fonds.
The archives of the Qing Dynasty preserved in our library are divided into 73 cases according to the institutions where the archives were formed. Among them, the Cabinet and the Ministry of Internal Affairs each have more than 6,543,800,000 files, and the archives of the Military Department, Gong Zhong, Zongrenfu and the Criminal Law Department each have more than 500,000 files. The above six complete works account for more than 80% of all files in the Qing Dynasty. Other cases range from hundreds of thousands to dozens. The smallest file is the file of Shangyu Backup Bureau, with only 1 file.
3. files.
The Qing Dynasty was a feudal autocratic system, and the imperial power was supreme, and the daily affairs of the country were directly handled by the emperor. Therefore, the archives formed around the emperor's activities constitute the core of the national archives, with more than 100 languages, which can be roughly divided into five parts:
First, the emperor's command documents (part two): system, imperial edict, imperial edict, imperial edict, imperial edict, imperial edict, imperial edict, golden list, etc.
The second is the courtier's report (above): title, achievement, table, note, presentation, book opening, calligraphy, book writing, Tang newspaper, poster, yellow book, township trial record, telegram, notes, etc.
Iii. Documents between the government and the state (parallel texts): negotiation, submission, transmission, payment, recognition, notes, full powers, treaties, contracts, letters, letters, documents, lines, receipts, orders, etc.
Fourth, official history and official records: masterpieces, records, hadith, ceremonies, collections, general programs, abstracts, historical books, etc.
Fifth, archives of the royal family and royal affairs: jade and silk, Xingyuan Qing Ji, yellow books, imperial books, inventories, archive books, etc.
Precious Qing archives in the collection mainly include: memoirs, sermons, ceremonies, imperial edicts, gathering pearls, Daoguang secret storage box, full map of Jinsha River, Bao Puzi, Jin Bang, Hong Xiuquan imperial edict, Manchu old archives, etc.
The World Memory Project initiated by UNESCO aims to protect the world cultural heritage, especially the endangered literary heritage. The Secret Book of Manchu Dynasty and Gold List of Qing Dynasty collected by our library were successfully selected into the World Memory Project in 1999 and listed in the World Memory Heritage List in 2005.