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History of Jiangxi jurisdiction:
The development history of Jiangxi can be traced back to 10,000 years ago. In Shang Dynasty, Jiangxi had entered the Bronze Age, which was consistent with the level of economic and cultural development in the Central Plains. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Wu, Yue and Chu fought for Jiangxi. Jiangxi, as a clear administrative regional system, began in the early years of Emperor Gaozu. At that time, Zhang Yu County (Ganjiang was originally named Zhangyuhe) was set up, with Nanchang County under its jurisdiction and 18 County under its jurisdiction, with an area roughly equivalent to that of today's Jiangxi provinces and regions. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty designated the whole country as 13 prison area, called 13 county, and Jiangxi belonged to Yangzhou secretariat department.
In 29 1 year, in the first year of Yuankang in the Western Jin Dynasty, Jiangzhou was established to administer Nanchang, and then moved to Xunyang County (Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), with the original county of Jiangxi as the main body. During the Sui Dynasty, the administrative divisions were adjusted, and the level of the state was the same as that of the county, so there were 7 counties and 24 counties in Jiangxi in the Sui Dynasty. In the Tang dynasty, it increased to 37 counties in the state. In the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (627), 10 Road was designated as the national prison area, and Jiangxi belonged to Jiangnan Road. In the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (733), it was increased to 15 Road, which belongs to Jiangnan West Road. Its regulatory area governs eight states and Hongzhou (Nanchang).
In the Five Dynasties, Jiangxi belonged to Wu first, and then to the Southern Tang Dynasty. During this period, there appeared a new administrative division equivalent to the lower state: 6 states, 4 armies and 55 counties. In the first year of Jiaotai (958), the Southern Tang Dynasty decided to build Nandu in Hongzhou, and therefore promoted Hongzhou to Nanchang Prefecture. In the Song Dynasty, it was divided into roads above the state, and Jiangnan Road was initially set up. In the fourth year of Tianxi (A.D. 1020), Jiangnan Road was divided into Jiangnan East Road and Jiangnan West Road, and there were 9 states, 4 armies and 68 counties in Jiangxi. Most of them belong to Jiangnan West Road, which still governs Hongzhou, and some of them belong to Jiangnan East Road.
The Yuan Dynasty began to establish a provincial book system (province or province for short) in banks. The provincial jurisdiction of Jiangxi is far greater than that of today's Jiangxi provinces and regions. In addition to the vast majority of today's Jiangxi Province (formerly the northeast of Jiangxi Province belongs to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces), it also includes most of today's Guangdong Province. Jiangxi province governs 13 road, 2 zhili states, 48 counties and 16 county-level states.
Although the Ming Dynasty basically retained the provincial organizational system of the Yuan Dynasty, it changed its name from Zhongshu Province to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and from the government to the county. Jiangxi Government Council governs 78 counties in 13 states, which is basically equivalent to today's Jiangxi Province.
In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi was changed to Jiangxi Province, and the administrative region basically inherited the Ming system. Three county-level halls, namely, Ji 'an Lotus Hall, Nanchang Tonggu Hall and Ganzhou Qiannan Hall, were added, and Ningdu County was promoted to provincial Zhili Prefecture. The Governor-General has become the chief executive of the province, and has two departments, namely, the department that undertakes propaganda and decision-making bureau and the department that submits judgments and formulates judges, and is responsible for civil affairs, finance and judicial supervision. During the Republic of China, the government, prefecture and hall of the Qing Dynasty were all changed to counties. Jiangxi Province * * * governs 8 1 county. Wuyuan County was transferred from Anhui to Jiangxi in 1934, back to Anhui in 1947, and back to Jiangxi in 1949.
In 20 14, Jiangxi province was listed as a national rural informatization demonstration province.
Academy culture
"Jiangxi Academy ranks first in the world." Jiangxi is the birthplace of ancient academies, and Dong Jia Academy in Yimen, De 'an and Gui Yin Academy in Gao 'an in Tang Dynasty are one of the earliest academies established in China. Bailudong Academy ranked first among the four major academies in China in the Song Dynasty, while Hualin Academy held lectures in all directions. Ehu Academy initiated the style of academic free debate, and Bailuzhou Academy was famous for its talented people, which lasted for 800 years.
Among the 239 academies in the Ming Dynasty/KLOC-0, there were 238 in Jiangxi, accounting for one fifth. According to the records of Tongzhi Academy in Jiangxi during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, there were 526 academies in Jiangxi. According to other historical records, local chronicles, notes and inscriptions, some scholars believe that there are more than 1,000 ancient academies in Jiangxi, and 85 of them are still well preserved.
Local culture:
Gan culture
Jiangxi culture is a subsystem of Chinese national culture. After long-term development, it has derived a series of its own cultural branches and formed a network with rich levels and clear context. Jiangxi culture includes Xunyang culture, Zhang Yu culture, Linchuan culture, Luling culture, Yuanzhou culture, Gannan Hakka culture and many other subsystems. Its copper culture, porcelain culture, academy culture, Zen culture, Soviet culture, literature, art and philosophy each formed a relatively independent system, which greatly promoted the cultural history of the Chinese nation.
Linchuan Culture
Linchuan culture takes Linchuan, Jiangxi as the confluence center, and integrates humanities, scenery, philosophy, education, literature, art, science, technology, medicine, academics, religion, folk customs, sports, language, architecture, diet and so on. , thus forming a unique regional culture. Under the background of Linchuan culture, Yan Shu, a prime minister poet, and his son Yan, Wang Anshi, one of the eight famous poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, Chen, a physician, Zhu Siben, a geographer, Tang Xianzu and other historical and cultural celebrities were born.
luling culture
Luling culture takes the ancient ruling genus of Luling as the core, radiating and covering the regional culture of more than ten counties (districts) and surrounding urban areas in Ji 'an today. Luling culture originated from the bronze culture 7,000 years ago, and is famous for its "three thousand men crowned China, and Zhang Hui blossomed". "Six scholars in one door, prime ministers in two rivers", "Three champions in five miles, nine sons and ten states, nine ministers in nine provinces, and two ministers in a hundred steps", father and son are the champions of flower exploration, and uncles and nephews are still legendary. Ouyang Xiu, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", Wen Tianxiang, the national hero of Southern Song Dynasty, Jie Jin, editor-in-chief of Yongle Dadian, Yang Wanli, a great writer in Song Dynasty, Wang Zikan, a famous mathematician in China, Ouyang Ziyuan, the chief scientist of exploring the moon in China, and Hu Quan, the patriotic minister of Southern Song Dynasty, were born here one after another.
Gannan Hakka culture
The enterprising spirit, local consciousness and down-to-earth pragmatic spirit of the Hakka people in southern Jiangxi gave birth to Zhong Shaojing, the first prime minister of the south of the Yangtze River, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, a famous doctor in the Northern Song Dynasty, a poet in the Song Dynasty, an essayist Wei, and the grandfathers of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, as well as celebrities such as Cooper and Xiao Hua, the all-powerful generals in the revolutionary era. There are more than 600 Hakka enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi, which are called "Oriental ancient Rome". Hakka folk culture includes folk songs, Gannan tea-picking opera and Donghe opera.
Dialect culture:
Gan dialect, known as Nuo dialect in ancient times, is commonly known as Gan dialect and belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family. There are more than 60 counties and cities in Jiangxi Province. Including Nanchang, Jingdezhen (urban area), Pingxiang and counties and cities in Yichun, Fuzhou and Ji' an; Most counties and cities in Shangrao and Jiujiang; There are also towns and villages using Gan dialect in Shicheng, Ningdu, Xingguo, Du Yu, Ruijin and Huichang counties in Ganzhou.
Hakka dialect
Commonly known as Hakka dialect, it is mainly distributed in Gannan (except Ganzhou and Xinfeng), and others are distributed in Tonggu, Xiushui, Wuning and Wanzai in southern Ji 'an, southern Fuzhou and northwest Jiangxi. However, due to the differences in dialect (Southwest Mandarin) and living form (Hakka dwellings), Ganzhou City and individual towns are different from the mixed civil structure dwellings of Hakka dialects in Hexian County.
Wu dialect
It is called Wu dialect and is mainly used in Shangrao City, Shangrao County, Xianyan Town of Yushan County and Guangfeng County.
Hui dialect
Known as Huizhou dialect. It is mainly used in Wuyuan County of Shangrao City and its surrounding towns.
other
The minority language is Yao. Quannan county, with a population of about 200, speaks Yao and local Hakka. Other ethnic minorities in Jiangxi, mainly She people, can't speak their own minority languages, but only speak the local Chinese dialect.
Opera culture:
Yiyang Opera, which was formed in the early Ming Dynasty, is the source of high-pitched Southern Opera, and has evolved into more than 40 operas such as Beijing Opera and Sichuan Opera. Four Dreams in Linchuan by Tang Xianzu in Ming Dynasty represents the highest level of China's classical drama and is known as "Oriental Shakespeare". In Qing Dynasty, Jiang Shiquan was called the first composer in Qianlong period. Jiangxi tea-picking drama was gradually formed in the middle of Qing Dynasty because of its abundant tea. There are many kinds of songs, such as chant, fisherman's song, folk song, minor and lantern song, among which xingguo folk song is the most famous.