The ancient Greek sages, the originator of "spiritual love", believed that love between men and women was the highest emotional form in the world.

He was also the earliest industrialist. When he talked about marriage in his immortal book The Republic, he said that the ideal society should be * * * property, * * * wife and * * * son.

8 1 year-old, died suddenly while laughing at a wedding banquet.

2. Copernicus (1473- 1543): Polish astronomer.

In the era when there was no telescope, he felt the earth spinning under his feet. He lived with Anna from a well-known family for more than ten years, but was eventually split by the conservative church (deprived of Copernicus' right to marry). 1543 On May 24th, his masterpiece "The Theory of the Operation of Celestial Bodies" was finally published, and he died an hour later.

3. Da Vinci (1452- 15 19) was an Italian genius.

Genius.

He is an artist, mathematician, physicist, doctor, engineer and architect ... He has designed helicopters, aircraft, hot air balloons, siege machines, urban defense systems and drainage systems, and he has also studied human anatomy, proportion and perspective ... At the age of 24, he was accused of having an affair with a man, who denied it. 158.

But his gay identity has basically been recognized by future generations.

4. Elizabeth I: Queen of England

Elizabeth was not very lucky as a teenager. At the age of three, my mother was given death by her father, and her chances of inheriting the throne were slim, unless all her brothers and sisters in front died, which happened from time to time. Her younger brother Edward ascended the throne at the age of 65,438+00, and died at the age of 65,438+06. Then her sister Mary succeeded to the throne, and soon she died of depression, so the 25-year-old young, beautiful and enlightened Elizabeth stepped onto the top of England.

Unfortunately, in order to consolidate the throne, she happened to meet between Spain and France, the great powers at that time, gave up her marriage, and finally died as an old maid in exchange for the rise of the British Empire.

5. Descartes (1596- 1650) French philosopher, mathematician and physicist.

Everyone who went to high school knows Cartesian coordinates. He is the founder of analytic geometry. He went to college, or not. The famous saying "I think therefore I am" is even more popular.

Descartes lived a carefree life and inherited his father's rich legacy. His only hobby is thinking, thinking and thinking again.

At the age of forty, he lived with Helen, a domestic worker, and gave birth to his daughter Francine. Unfortunately, Sydney died at the age of five.

1649 In September, Queen Christina (another famous single iron lady) invited the old flute who was born sick to Stockholm court to teach philosophy. Five months later, at the age of 54, he died in northern Europe.

6. Pascal: (1623- 1662) French philosopher, mathematician and physicist.

He lost his mother when he was three years old. 1 1 wrote his first paper, The Essence of Sound, and 16 wrote the Theory of Conic Curves. Then he invented the world's first digital computer (there is a computer language named after him: PASCAL language), followed by fluid balance theory and atmospheric gravity theory.

I have never been in love in my life, and my relationship with my sister is extraordinary.

7: Christina (1626- 1689) Queen Christina

She is the apple of her father's eye. She became king at the age of six. She has the same personality as Chris Lee, and likes riding and shooting.

Besides, she is clever. At the age of 65,438+04, she already knows Latin, Greek, German and French, Italian and Spanish. She adores her cousin but refuses to marry him. She said: I want to tell you frankly that I won't marry you, but I can also promise that I will never marry anyone else.

Sweden enjoyed peace and prosperity under her rule. She also loves learning and is good at recruiting talents. During her reign, she founded the first Swedish newspaper and the first national school, and attracted many famous European scholars to give lectures. However, at its peak, the 28-year-old queen ceded the throne to her once admired cousin, then traveled around Europe and settled in Rome, where she died in 1689.

8. Newton (1642- 1727), a great British scientist.

Some people say that because of Newton, all single people in the world will no longer be lonely.

Believe it! Like Clinton, they are the posthumous children of their father, and his birth changed the whole world.

He is the founder of modern mechanics and the discoverer of gravity. He analyzed the composition of white light and discovered calculus synchronously with Leibniz.

Newton's life, there is almost no record of being close to women. He lived a great life alone and sought solace in religion in his later years (it should be emphasized that science and religion can coexist). 1727 In March, he was buried in the famous Westminster Abbey.

9. Voltaire (1694- 1778) was a modern French thinker.

Louis XVI read Voltaire and Rousseau before he went to the guillotine. He said: These two men destroyed France.

Indeed, the18th century was the century of the French and the earliest revolutionary experimental field in the world. Voltaire and others were the spiritual leaders of this revolution.

He has 99 magnificent masterpieces and lived with Emily, the lover of a married woman, for 20 years until the latter died childless. 1778, Voltaire died at the age of 84, and the church refused to bury him in Paris. 179 1 year, when the French revolution broke out, his body was moved and buried in the Pantheon in Paris.

10: Kant (1724- 1804) German philosopher.

Kant is a stubborn little old man, because he has never left Konigsberg in his life.

It was on his acre of land that he wrote Critique of Pure Reason, and then philosophers all over the world began to study it carefully.

He lived for decades, and his afternoon walks were so punctual that people in Konigsberg used him to adjust the time of the wall clock.

He lived step by step without a wife and children until flower of life died.

Schopenhauer said that only the marriage of philosophers can be happy, and real philosophers don't need to get married.

Presumably Kant also knows the meaning of this paradox.

1 1: Beethoven (1770- 1829) German musician.

Beethoven, with his real anger and surly eyes, was cold and daunting.

It was this angry man who wrote the symphony of heroes and the symphony of destiny, and it was this angry man who wrote the gentle moonlight and addressed to Alice.

Beethoven's life was full of pain, his love was not smooth, and he was deaf in his prime. He has loved countless women, but they all prefer to marry others because he is ugly? Or humble origin? We don't know. We only know that he became more angry and then wrote more beautiful music. Who knows?

Schopenhauer (1788- 1860) is a German philosopher.

Schopenhauer lived a lonely life, without a wife, children or even a mother (he broke up with his mother in his twenties and hated women most in his life), and lived a lonely, melancholy and cynical life.

Schopenhauer hates all women in the world. He thinks women are cunning, hypocritical and irrational.

What he can't figure out most in his life is why so many stupid men like ugly girls with narrow shoulders/short legs/fat buttocks. He said that love is a lie and marriage is a grave. If one person is unhappy, many people will not be happy. We are like hedgehogs huddled together. We can't get too close, because it will prick people, and we can't go too far, because we are afraid of the cold.

13: Vincent.

Van Gogh (1853- 1890) was a Dutch painter.

No matter what sky-high price Van Gogh's paintings can fetch, it has nothing to do with him.

His short life of 37 years is full of humiliation and bitterness, numerous dislikes and incomprehensions, numerous refusals and disputes, which make him fall into obsession madness. Until the night of July 1890, he raised his pistol and pointed it at his temple ... 1888, his few friends Gauguin visited, and soon they had an argument and became very angry.

14: Buchanan (179 1- 1869) was the 5th president of the United States.

So far, the only unmarried president in American history.

Buchanan chose celibacy because he fell in love with the rich man's daughter when he was young, but was stopped by his parents, who thought he was in love with her family's property. My daughter listened to her parents' rumors, regretted everything and even committed suicide.

"I feel that happiness has gone away from me," Buchanan once said sadly, and then he devoted himself to politics and filled his inner exhaustion with his career.

During his tenure, the role of hostess of the White House fell to his niece, who seemed to be more favored than her uncle.

Buchanan said before he died: "I faithfully performed my duties with a clear conscience. I have no regrets. History will prove my spotless life. "

15: Andersen (1805- 1879) is a Danish writer.

There is a bronze statue of "Mermaid" in the seaside park in Copenhagen, which is a symbol of Denmark, the daughter of the sea and Andersen.

The world's most famous fairy tale writer lived a lonely life and experienced his ugly duckling life.

I left behind a series of beautiful fairy tales, such as the daughter of the sea, the little girl selling matches, the emperor's new clothes, etc., but I left my loneliness to myself.

He once had his first love in childhood. This beautiful girl is called Bohr. Until his death, 70-year-old Andersen still kept this letter written by Bohr. The yellow paper reflects her beautiful handwriting: things are like smoke.

16: Jane Austen (1775- 18 17) is an English writer.

Austin lived in old England and eventually became an old maid herself.

"What Mrs. Bennard worries about all day is how to get her five daughters married smoothly." This is the beginning of Jane's most famous novel Pride and Prejudice. Presumably, Austin's mother and Mrs. Bennard have the same troubles. Different from the novel, Austin's mother didn't see the day when her daughter got married.

Austin is smart and beautiful, and it is said that he is fascinated by her. Young lovelorn is the reason why she has never been married. Some people say that she may be le *** ian, and her very close relationship with her sister is doubtful (Cassandra burned most of the letters abbreviated to her before she died), but these are not verifiable. The only thing that can be tested is that Elizabeth found Darcy in the novel, but Austin did not find the person who belongs to her. At the age of 42, she was 42.

17: Engels (1820- 1895) was a German thinker.

At the age of 24, Engels wrote The Situation of the Working Class in Britain. At the age of 28, he even published the * * * Declaration with Marx, which set off a vigorous proletarian revolution.

His family is well-off, but he mingles with the proletarian people, especially helping Marx from time to time. After Ma's death, he also compiled documents and published anthologies for him. He loved Marx deeply.

Engels lived with Mary, an Irish textile worker, at the age of 22 until Mary died in 1863, and then Engels lived with Mary's sister Leahy. He never goes through the formalities of marriage, because in family, marriage and private ownership, he once said: marriage, the ceremonies approved by the state and held in the church are unnecessary.

18: Nobel (1833- 1895) Swedish scientist.

Nobel's greatest achievement in his life was that he did not invent explosives, but awarded an award. Regardless of nationality and gender, it is only about the size of your contribution, which makes all the great scientists (writers and pacifists) in future generations shrouded in his aura. Nobel won his future fame with only one will, which is the best thing money can buy.

Nobel has never been in love, but it's a pity that all the lovely loved ones have married others. As for him, he didn't set up the math prize in the end because his rival in love was a mathematician, but in fact most of them were invented by good people.

19: Nietzsche (1844- 1900) German philosopher.

1875, 3 1 year-old Nietzsche said, "I wandered around alone like a rhinoceros.

"At that time, all his girlfriends got married one after another, and he was the only one who had no feelings to return. Finally, he gave his virginity to a brothel and contracted syphilis. Then he said angrily, "Do you want a woman? Don't forget to bring your whip! After 45, Nietzsche went crazy. After quarreling with his good friend Wagner, he was sent to a mental hospital. His only sister took care of him for ten years. In the morning of the new century, he passed away quietly.

20. Su (1884- 19 18) is a poet, writer, painter and calligrapher in China.

He has been a monk several times, but he is still struggling with love. He is the pioneer of Yuanyang Butterfly School.

Master Schumann is probably the most romantic flower monk in China. His lover list is: Agatha from childhood, cousin Jingzi, sister Hong Xue, neighbor Peishan, friend's wife He Zhen, brothel Jinfeng ... 35 years old died of gastrointestinal diseases in Shanghai, just like his own poem: flowers and plants on earth are too hasty, and spring trees are empty.

2 1: Garbo (1905- 1990) is a Hollywood superstar.

A British journalist said that her face is the acme of human evolution and the most melancholy Scandinavian since Hamlet.

Adolf Hitler is also a fan of hers. During World War II, Garbo once said: I will kill him.

She is a real cold beauty: confused, lost and lonely. She commented: I am clumsy, shy, nervous, afraid and too sensitive to my English, which is why I built a high wall around myself and hid behind it forever.

"I will be single all my life", which is the line of Garbo in Queen Christina. She practiced it very well.

"Have you really never loved anyone else?" Someone asked, "Yes, Stiehler.

"(director and comrade who took Garbo to Hollywood).

Garbo was nominated for four Oscars, but never won an award. Later, the Oscar Committee specially awarded Garbo an award for her shining performance in the film. Of course, she didn't receive it. Her friend said that she had never seen the prize at home.

She will always be a mysterious girl.

22. Jin (1895- 1984) China philosopher, logician and infatuated person.

If China is the first talented woman in modern times, it must belong to Lin. Three incomparable excellent men suffered for her all their lives: one broke his leg (Liang Sicheng smiled at Bomei people and got off the bus in a hurry), the other flew down first because the plane was too slow to find a beautiful woman (Xu Zhimo), and the last one was that our Mr. Jin would never marry for her (think about Lin).

"A poetic waterfall is eternal in April." This is Mr. Jin's elegy after Lin's death. One day many years later, he suddenly greeted his friends for dinner. During the dinner, he said: Today is Yin Hui's birthday, so it doesn't matter if you upgrade your seat.

In his later years, a reporter told the old man about this "absolute privacy". He thought for a long time before he said a little sadly, "I should tell her everything. I can't say it myself-I didn't have a chance to tell her, so I don't want to say it, and I don't want to say it!" "

23. Paul Sartre (1905- 1980): French existentialist philosopher.

Sartre is always like this: a big pipe in his mouth, and a pair of eyes behind thick glasses that don't believe you are staring at others.

He didn't trust people, and he refused all official honors (including 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature). He is known as "the conscience of mankind in the 20th century".

Sartre's love with the feminist pioneer Beauvoir is a beautiful talk in the history of philosophy.

They spared no effort to practice their own philosophy, and even once had an affair with Beauvoir's student Olga on the grounds of re-establishing the relationship between people.

Beauvoir can't marry Sartre, because her feminist thought is so thorough that she rejects any possibility that men are superior to women, not to mention that marriage is a woman's yoke? 1980 Sartre died, and 60,000 Parisians held a huge funeral for him. At that time, French President D 'Estaing said: Sartre's death made me feel that a bright light of human wisdom was extinguished.

24. Marcel Proust (1871-1922), a French writer.

Born in a famous family, he was sickly from childhood and bedridden as an adult, so that he could not go out without leaving the second door. A person remembers the good old days in bed and records them. The seven-volume "Memories of Time Past" was born and became the originator of the school of consciousness.

(Its masterpiece is also recognized as a classic with the least readers-because it is too long, as long as seven Dream of Red Mansions.

Memories of Time Past is an autobiographical novel, the plot is really false, but all the characters can find the prototype around Proust. Too many. Proust is smarter. The girl he worships in the novel is actually harisu. In reality, "they" are men with iron bones. Well, needless to say, this sick tuberculosis patient is actually a hidden comrade.

25. Kafka (1883- 1924) is an Austrian writer

Kafka was just a salesman of an insurance company. Before his death, he entrusted his friend Braud to burn all his manuscripts, but Bu was not executed. Because of this, he enjoyed such grief and honor behind him. But what does such grief and honor have to do with him? His three novels (trial, lawsuit and castle) have not been finished, but they have all become classics of modern people's research. Fortunately, if Venus breaks its arm, no one knows where it is lost.

All his life, he hesitated and hesitated, including love. He was engaged to Miss Phyllis twice and broke it twice. Finally, he announced: "mentally, I can't get married and you won't be happy."

""I desperately want to be lonely, I desperately want to cut off the relationship with everything and everyone "-from Kafka's diary, he did it.

26. Beauvoir (1908- 1986) is a French writer, feminist and Sartre's lifelong companion.

The man's Bible is called Holly Bible, and the woman's? The answer is secondary sex.

It is no exaggeration to say that the birth of Beauvoir changed half the world: women stood up from now on! "Women are not born, but become", which is Beauvoir's most famous assertion. Before that, so many philosophers, such as Nietzsche Schopenhauer, were full of profound hatred for women, thinking that they were born stupid and hopeless! Those who save people should save themselves, and Beauvoir sealed their mouths with facts.

1980, Sartre died, Beauvoir wrote a farewell ceremony, and six years later, she and Sartre were buried together in Mont panas cemetery.

27: Heath (19 16-2005) British Prime Minister

1974, when he visited China, * * said: 1997 I went to Hong Kong to watch the reunification; Premier Zhou said: We are all here! In fact, Heath became the only one who saw it with his own eyes. Looking back, is it a bit desolate? He was the 47th Prime Minister of Britain and left office in 74. His greatest achievement is to push Britain to join the European Union.

At the age of 34, a veteran stole Kevin, his girlfriend who had been in love for many years. Since then, he has never married again, and he doesn't like to talk about marriage. He once said angrily, I never regret not having a wife.

I only heard that many people regret marrying their wives.

(Heath's hobby is music. He is a piano player, Grade 8. He plays the piano as soon as he sees it. He was invited to Beijing to conduct the Central Symphony Orchestra. )

28: Raphael (1483- 1520) Italian painter.

When it comes to Van Gogh, I can't help talking about him. As one of the "Three Musketeers" of the European Renaissance (the other two are Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo), Raphael died young at the age of 37.

The characters in Raphael's paintings are very handsome, and the scenes are very peaceful, especially "beautiful", just like himself.

He was unmarried for life, and engaged to a cardinal's niece, Mattia (haha, not a cardinal), but it didn't end.

29. michel foucault (1926- 1984) is a French postmodern thinker.

198 1 year, the first case of AIDS was found in Los Angeles. Three years later, Foucault contracted this fashionable disease and died in a short time. His colleague Daniel Dieter later established the first AIDS association in France.

"As long as homosexuality is not tolerated, it will not be a real civilized society," Foucault said. His verdict brought the dawn of hope to countless comrades, but he died before dawn.

30. Stendhal (1783 ~ 1842) is a French writer.

His real name is Henry Bell.

1783 65438+1was born in Le Nobour on October 23rd, and1842 died in Paris on March 23rd.

1796 entered the local central school.

1799 went to Paris and worked in the military department.

He followed Napoleon's army to Italy and Moscow.

18 14 years, the bourbon dynasty was restored, and he went to Milan, Italy to live and write abroad.

The first work published by 18 15 is a musician's biography The Life of Haydn, Mozart and Medas Tess.

The history of Italian painting was published in 18 17.

The Biography of Napoleon was completed in 1837, but it was not published until his death.

He returned to Paris on 182 1 to continue his writing career.

1827, the first novel "Oman", depicts the aristocratic life in the restoration period and mercilessly mocks the decadent feudal class.

The novella Vanina vanini, published two years later, reflects the struggle of Italian charcoal burners for national liberation through a story of sharp contradiction between revolution and love.

3 1: Kierkegaard (18 13 ~ 1855)

Danish Christian thinker.

A pioneer of existentialism.

Born in Copenhagen on May 5th, 2003, 18 1855, 165438+ 10/.

He studied theology at the University of Copenhagen in his early years and was famous for criticizing rational philosophy, especially hegelianism.

Its philosophical purpose is to demonstrate the principle of individuality and belief in God through personal experience.

In his view, existence is an individual existence composed of pain, worry, loneliness, despair, lust, enthusiasm and other emotions. Individuals constantly surpass themselves, tend to God, and define themselves in the "absolute opposition" relationship with God.

Most of his philosophical thoughts are expressed through literary works, often in the form of diaries and aphorisms.

His thoughts had a great influence in Germany, France and other countries after the First World War, and played a leading role in the emergence and development of existentialism.

He is the author of Either-or: Fragments in Life and so on.