The rise and fall of these dynasties constitute a colorful picture of China's history.
1. Prehistoric period: 2 10 BC-220 AD (Three Kingdoms period).
2. Post-historical period: AD 220 to present.
During these two periods, China experienced the ups and downs of many dynasties, some of which were very important:
1, Xia dynasty (about 2 146 BC 1675 BC). ) began and ended with 17 emperors. According to historical records, Yuchuan is located in Zi Qi, which changed the abdication system of primitive tribes and created the hereditary throne of China for nearly 4,000 years. The Xia Dynasty spread to the 14th Dynasty, which lasted about 47 1 year and was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty.
2. Shang dynasty (about BC 1675-BC 1029). ) started in Shang Tang and ended in Shang Dynasty, with a total of 30 emperors. Because Shang Dynasty was once the capital of Yin, it was also called Yin Shang. Slavery developed greatly in Shang Dynasty, and reached a higher level in culture and bronze cultivation.
Yin and Shang countries frequently migrated until Pan Geng moved to Yin, which was divided into three stages: pre-Shang, early Shang and late Shang. At that time, it was the heyday of slavery. Slave owners and nobles were the ruling class, with huge bureaucratic ruling institutions and armies.
3. The Zhou Dynasty is divided into "Western Zhou" and "Eastern Zhou". "
The Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1046- BC 77 1) was a dynasty after the Shang Dynasty established by Ji Fa, Zhou Wuwang in China history. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 1 generation 12 kings have lived in the Western Zhou Dynasty, enjoying the country for 275 years.
The Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC-256 BC) is a dynasty after the Western Zhou Dynasty in the history of China. The princes established the previously abandoned Prince Yijiu as the king, known as Zhou Pingwang in history, with its capital in Luoyi. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. )
4. The Qin Dynasty (22 1 to 207, 14) started in Ying Zheng and ended in Hu Hai, with a total of 2 emperors. The Qin Dynasty was the first unified empire in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period. Qin Wangzheng, the founding monarch of the Qin Dynasty, claimed to be the first emperor, hence the word emperor. The name of the country is Qin, and the royal family won the surname, so it is not called Qin in the history books, which is different from other countries as the regime of Qin State.
5. The Han Dynasty is mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is the unified dynasty after Qin Dynasty.
The Western Han Dynasty (also known as the pre-Han Dynasty, 202 BC-8 AD) was a unified dynasty established after Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu. The Western Han Dynasty inherited the Qin Dynasty, continued 12 emperor and enjoyed the country for 2 10 years. Since the Han and Yuan emperors, the imperial power in the Western Han Dynasty declined, consorts and officials rose and began to decline. In 8 AD, consort Wang Mang abolished the emperor at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and the Western Han Dynasty perished.
The Eastern Han Dynasty (25 -220) is another unified Central Plains dynasty in China history after the Western Han Dynasty. It has been handed down for eight generations, and there are fourteen emperors who enjoy the country 195. The Eastern Han Dynasty was a powerful country in the world at that time, and the prosperity of Guangwu and the first 60 years of Zhang Ming's rule were also one of the prosperous times in China's history. In 220 AD, Cao did not usurp the Han Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Dynasty was destroyed, entering the period of the Three Kingdoms regime.
6. Introduction to the Three Kingdoms Period
The Three Kingdoms (220 -280) is a historical period connecting the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, which is divided into three regimes: Cao Wei, Shu Han and Dongwu. Battle of Red Cliffs and Cao Cao were defeated by Sun Liu's allied forces, which laid the rudiment of the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.
Wei Dynasty (65438+February 22010-February 4, 266) was one of the separatist regimes in the Three Kingdoms period. Later historians often called Cao Weihan (22 1-263). Because the regime established by Liu Bei was established in Shu, it is often called "Shu".
Wu (May 23, 229-May 0, 280, 65438), one of the Three Kingdoms, was a separatist regime established by Sun Quan in the southeast of China, with the country name "Wu", which was called Sun Wu in history. Because of the confrontation with Cao Wei and Shu Han, its ruling area lives in the east of the Three Kingdoms, so it is also called Wu Dong.
7. The Jin Dynasty (AD 265-AD 420) was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The Western Jin Dynasty (AD 266-AD 3 16) was one of the short unified dynasties in the history of China. The Western Jin Dynasty lasted only 5 1 year, with five emperors. If it started with the demise of Soochow, it would only last for 37 years.
8. The Sixteen Kingdoms Period and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
9. The Sui Dynasty (58 1 -6 19) was a unified dynasty in the history of China, connecting the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.
In 58 1 year, Yang consolidated the title of Sui, making it a big city, then went south to destroy Chen and unify China, ending the nearly 300-year division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 6 18, Emperor Yangdi abdicated Li Yuan, and in 6 19, Wang abolished Sui and mourned the Emperor, and the Sui Dynasty perished, enjoying the country for 38 years.
10, the Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) was a unified dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, and 2/kloc-0 emperors enjoyed the country for 289 years. Because the royal family is surnamed Li, it is also called Li.
After the Anshi Rebellion, the eunuch's autocratic power and separatist regime led to the gradual decline of national strength, which was destroyed because the Huang Chao Uprising affected its foundation. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, which perished, and China entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
1 1 and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907 -960) are the great divisions in the history of China, and they are also the collective names of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
12, Song Dynasty (960- 1279) was a dynasty that inherited the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and started the Yuan Dynasty. It was divided into two stages: Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty, which lasted 18 emperor and enjoyed the country for 3 19 years.
After the mutiny of Chen Qiao in Song Dynasty, Kaifeng as its capital and Jingkang Rebellion, it moved its capital to Hangzhou and established the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, there were 18 emperors who ruled for 3 19 years. This is an era of high prosperity in commodity economy, culture, education and scientific innovation in the history of China.
13, Yuan Dynasty (127 1-1368) was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. The ruler was Li 'er of Mongolia, whose capital was Dadu (present-day Beijing) and passed down to the fifth and eleventh emperors.
14, Ming dynasty (1368- 1644) was the last unified dynasty in the history of China, which was founded by the Han nationality. After 12 emperors, he enjoyed the country for 276 years. In A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, with the title Daming. Because the Ming emperor surnamed Zhu, it was also called Zhu.
15 and Qing dynasty (1644- 19 12) were the second unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. It was also the last feudal dynasty in China, enjoying the country for 267 years after the Twelfth Emperor. 19 12 February 12 the Qing emperor Boyi abdicated and the Qing dynasty ended.
The rise and fall of these dynasties constitute a colorful picture of China's history.