History is a discipline different from natural science and social science. It is both your own and your own object. Although it seems completely different from philosophy, its reflection, that is, its own transcendence, is no different from philosophy. It is this transcendence that makes it super-cultural, thus providing the same research platform for the comparison between different historical cultures. History itself, historical rewriting, historical research and reflection on the viewpoints and methods of rewriting and studying history are the same in essence and form, which implies that there is a * * * same foundation between different historical cultures, and the historical depth in the epistemological sense can make Chinese and western philosophy complement each other.

I. History and philosophy

History always has multiple meanings: the past history in the sense of time becomes the present historical fact-first, the history preserved in people's memory, then the history including cultural relics and historical materials, then the history rewritten by historians, that is, the history expressed in a general sense, and finally the relevant historical theories, including historical research, historical viewpoints and methods, and philosophical thoughts on history. But all this is ultimately history, that is, the history of mankind itself.

The past history in the sense of time is a real philosophical problem. The existence of the past is more confusing and more difficult in philosophy than the existence of the present. For example, Heidegger's description of existence and time (1889- 1976) gives readers an impression of struggling in a dream. However, although the existence of time meaning is so difficult, at least the present existence is real in rational thinking. The existence of the present is conscious because of rational thinking, or it is confirmed because of consciousness in rational thinking. This sentence is the period when human rational self-consciousness finally broke free from the hazy era, and it is also the question mark when the rational self-consciousness of human existence itself began. It announced that mankind has awakened from history and entered an era of conscious thought.

For history, this means that the real meaning of history can not be separated from the time essence of history, but the past always becomes meaningful history by being rewritten by expression. Therefore, historians and historical philosophers believe that there are two kinds of history, namely, the history based on time, that is, the existence of history, and the history based on performance, that is, the history rewritten by historians or the present history. They leave the existence of the past to tormenting philosophers. But they can't escape the philosophy of history, because the history based on time finally contains the present, and people can't distinguish the present that exists in historical time from the historical existence that exists in the present. Its highest form is the historical reflection of historians and historical philosophers in their realistic thoughts. In this sense, history is a history of historical reflection or introspection, and the transcendence of this historical existence is one of the most important secrets of the world revealed by history and historical philosophy.

Human history begins with the conscious expression of history and tends to the conscious philosophy of history, which is an integral part of human consciousness. This is the particularity of history, history itself, but also the performance and reflection of history. On the one hand, as a reflection of history and history, they are of simultaneous significance in time, that is, history and historical reflection are the same; On the other hand, as expressed history and reflection on expressed history, they are always realized in the same way of expression, that is, they are isomorphic in form, so is history itself, and so is historical reflection. Therefore, history and historical reflection are carried out in the same and repeated in the same structure, and people always re-recognize and think about history again and again. There may be countless specific histories and millions of histories in history, but whether it is the past history in the sense of time or the past history expressed or expressed, they all have the ultimate consistency, otherwise there will be no history. -This is also a view of history and a philosophy, that is, the philosophy of history.

Philosophy of history is mainly about the understanding and reflection on the nature of history. It is also based on two levels. The first is to study the causes and trends of history as a whole or as a part of the whole, in short; History. Why? It is a historical ontology in historical philosophy, which is different from the previous philosophical thought of explaining history with a certain concept. Modern historians and historical philosophers try to find answers from history itself and form a historical theory, that is, speculative historical philosophy. The second is to regard the viewpoints and methods of studying, rewriting and interpreting history as history itself, or even as the only decisive part of history. It actually tries to answer the question: What is history? At this time, it becomes historical epistemology in historical philosophy, that is, analytical or critical historical philosophy.

Historical philosophy is not the same as philosophy, and China's philosophy with historical spirit is not the same as historical philosophy or there is a kind of China's historical philosophy. Historical philosophy abstracts itself from the expression and research of history, and China Thought is the abstraction and essence of history itself (see On China Thought). Therefore, historical philosophy is a historical theory that transcends history, and China Thought is China's philosophy that originated from historical essence. It is the transcendental identity of history itself that makes China Thought a philosophical thought that is opposite to western traditional philosophy. Although there are great differences in history and historical views between China and the West, they are the same in the sense of historical reflection, that is, historical reflection and reflective history are complementary and consistent. The thought provided by historical philosophy is not only historic, but also of broad cultural significance and philosophical, which is the original meaning of historical pluralism.