1. Which comedy writers? Moliere (1622- 1673) was originally named john baptiste Boquelin? The founder of French classical comedy. He wrote 37 comedies in his life, which is one of the highest achievements among playwrights in the world. Hypocrite, Don Juan and Miser are the best comedies in the world. Shakespeare, Four Comedies, Shakespeare? 1564- 16 16? The most outstanding English playwright and poet in the European Renaissance. In the 5th century BC, Athens produced three great comedic poets: the first was Clattinus, the second was Oedipus, and the third was aristophanes. Unfortunately, there are no complete works of Krzyszewski and Euclid, only some complete works handed down by aristophanes. Clattinus is the earliest important comedy poet, and his works are unknown. Now there are 27 people whose names are known. He won nine awards in the comedy competition. Critics say that his works are convincing, but some are too harsh, "like a torrent, washing away houses, trees and people on the road." O 'Berlies is aristophanes's most commendable contemporary comedian and his biggest rival. He won at least four grand prizes, and he was only seventeen when he won the first prize. His works are elegant and charming. Aristophanes (about 448- 380 BC), an ancient Greek comedy writer, is known as "the father of ancient Greek comedy". There are about 40 plays, but only 1 1 has survived. There are countless comedy writers before aristophanes, but his eleven existing plays are the earliest Greek comedies in the world. Aristophanes and his previous comedies are called old comedies. Later generations called China Comedy and New Comedy. The most famous comic writers in Rome are Plautus (254 BC-BC 184) and Terrence (BC 190-BC 159). Most of them adapted Minanda's comedies. Plautus's plays include Twin Brothers, Liar and A Bucket of Gold. Terrence's comedies include Mother-in-law, Samuel and Brothers. It shows high literary interest and more aristocratic tendency, which marks two stages of the development of Roman comedy. In addition, seneca (4-65 BC) adapted the Greek tragedies such as Medea, Oedipus and Faidel to some extent.

2. How long is the history of comedy? Like tragedy, comedy, as a form of drama, can be traced back to ancient Greece.

The purpose of tragedy is to vent people's fears (according to Aristotle), while the main purpose of comedy is to entertain the audience. Aristophanes, an Athenian poet, was a great writer of ancient comedies.

His comedies are also created to worship Dionysus, the god of wine, and most of them are satires on society, politics and literature. In his comedies, the methods and means he uses include farce, imitation and fantasy.

Around the 4th century BC, his ancient comedy developed into a new form of comedy. Compared with ancient comedies, the satirical effect of new comedies is weakened, but it is more romantic and realistic.

The new comedy is characterized by strong personality and humor. The works of the new comedy include the works of Greek playwright Meinander (4th century BC), Roman comedian Plautus (3rd century BC) and Terrence (2nd century BC).

Their comedy was given to later Ben? William Ben Jameson. Writers such as william shakespeare and Jean Moliere had great influence in the16-17th century.

3. Ten tragedies and comedies in the history of China: Yuan (Yuan), Guan Hanqing's Autumn Night in the Han Palace (Yuan), Ma Zhiyuan's The Orphan of Zhao (Yuan), Pipa (Ming), Zhongjing Banner (Ming), Feng Menglong's Jiao Hong Ji (Ming), Meng Chengshun.

Top Ten Comedies: On the Wall by Guan Hanqing (Yuan) The Romance of the Western Chamber by Bai Pu (Yuan) The Shame of Li Kui jy by Wang Shifu (Yuan) Seeing Money Slave by Kang (Yuan) The Story of a Lady (Yuan) The Wolf in Zhongshan (Ming) The Jade by Kang Hai.

4. What is the history of ancient Greek comedy? Ancient Greek comedies have a long history.

It is generally believed that both comedy and tragedy originated from Dionysus's sacrifice, that is, they evolved from carnival songs and dances and folk burlesque. In the early comedies, the content was vulgar, the costumes were exaggerated and grotesque, and the male genitalia was the big symbol. There were many rude words in the plays.

Later, Athens gradually developed into the center of comedy. In 486 BC, comedy was officially staged at the Dionysian Festival for the first time.

Around 440 BC, comedy was staged again at Dionysus Festival. Generally speaking, there are three or four actors in a comedy performance, and sometimes a few supporting actors are added. In addition, there is a choir of 24 people.

Chorus is indispensable in comedy performances, and many plays are named after chorus songs, such as Frogs and Birds. Most comedies reflect real life. The protagonist in the play is not a god, nor a prince, but an ordinary person. Although the language used is still poetry, it is closer to everyday language.

Its structure is also relatively loose. Because it has relatively free creative content, its creative method is also more free than tragedy.

Ancient Greek comedy was born in the era of democracy in Athens. Because of this, it can satirize politics and celebrities. For example, the cloud satirizes Socrates. At that time, almost all aspects of democratic politics appeared on the comedy stage in exaggerated form, and even some gods worshipped by ancient Greeks were greatly disrespected. However, comedy does not deny the existence of God, nor does it attack democracy.

Comedy generally consists of six parts: overture, that is, the opening of narrative; The chorus entered the stadium and addressed the audience. At the same time, express the opinions of playwrights; In the rebuttal field, two dramatists argue about the theme of drama. One expresses opposition and the other agrees. Usually, the first speaker is always the loser. In the appraisal field, after all the characters walked off the stage, the chorus leader spoke directly to the audience, which had little to do with the plot, and the chorus followed; Episode, mainly chorus; The highlight of the finale is carnival, and there are often bohemian dances at the end.

The theme of the whole play is mainly around the pier.

5. The emergence of comedy Historical comedy, as a genre of drama, first appeared in ancient Greece. Its Greek Komoidia (meaning carnival dance drama) consists of Komos (meaning the song of carnival team) and aeidein (meaning singing). It originated from the carnival when farmers offered sacrifices to Dionysus during the grape harvest season. People dress up as birds and animals, sing and dance, and call them Komos. At the beginning of the 7th century BC, the Megarians in Greece turned it into a farce and became the predecessor of comedy. Since then, it has gradually matured as a drama genre, and the great comedian aristophanes was born. Aristophanes wrote 44 comedy scripts in his life, but only 1 1 survived completely. The famous ones are Babylon, Clouds, Birds, Knights and Akanai. Among them, Birds is the best work, the most complete allegorical comedy in ancient Greece and the origin of utopian comedy. Aristophanes is the father of European comedy, and he laid the comedy tradition of expressing serious themes in funny forms in western literature.

In China, it took about 12 centuries to produce a mature comedy art. But its origin is very early, and its embryonic form can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties. At that time, Xi (Xi You) was an artist who enjoyed music and dance. Joining the army, which was popular in Tang and Song Dynasties, was mainly represented by the words "joining the army" and "granary". Through funny dialogues and actions, people laugh. In fact, it is also a kind of performance form mainly based on ridicule and humor. It was not until after the Song Dynasty that these forms of performance had complete plot content and produced comedy in the sense of drama.

The earliest comedy in Europe is the ancient Greek comedy, and the representative writer is aristophanes. 16 and 17 centuries were represented by Shakespeare and Moliere; /kloc-Italian Godoni and French Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais in the 0/8th century were the representatives of comedy in the European Enlightenment. 19th century was represented by Nikolai Nikolai Gogol of Russia. There are also rich comedic heritages in China's classical operas, such as Save the Wind and Dust. The legendary "Hosta"; Traditional dramas such as Lian Yin are excellent comedies.

6. What are the main comedy theories in history? 1, Kant's view.

Kant studies the effect of comedy from the subject's feeling-laughter, and thinks that "laughter is a feeling that suddenly turns from nervous expectation to nothingness". Although this view points out the psychological characteristics of comedy results, it does not reveal the essence of comedy. Nervous expectations suddenly turn into nothingness, which does not always lead to "laughter".

2, Hegel's point of view

Hegel studies comedy from the development of absolute spirit, and thinks that comedy is "form overwhelming concept", which shows the emptiness of concept content. Although this view belongs to his China idealism system, it embodies the reasonable factors of dialectical thought. He pointed out that comedies are "hypocritical and contradictory phenomena that are attributed to self-destruction. For example, a seemingly reliable principle is actually unreliable, or a seemingly accurate but actually empty motto looks empty and boring. This is comedy".

3, Aristotle's point of view

Starting from the theory of simulation, Aristotle thinks that comedy reflects the objective object of life, puts forward that "comedy is an imitation of bad people" and points out the connection between comedy and ugliness in life. "Funny things are mistakes and ugliness, which will not cause pain and harm. Ready-made examples are funny masks." He explored the nature of comedy with materialistic methods, which is of positive significance to correctly understand the nature of comedy. However, his simple materialism thought lacks historical and dialectical viewpoints and methods, thus failing to profoundly remind the essence of aesthetics.

4. Chernyshevski's point of view

He believes that "the real field of funny lies in people's lives" and "ugliness is the root and essence of funny", but ugliness can't be funny under any conditions, only when it tries to show off as beauty. His views on the nature of comedy are outstanding, touching on the essential characteristics of beauty, but due to his humanism, he failed to explore the nature of beauty scientifically, comprehensively and deeply.

7. Ten tragedies and comedies in the history of China: Yuan (Yuan), Guan Hanqing's Autumn Night in the Han Palace (Yuan), Ma Zhiyuan's The Orphan of Zhao (Yuan), Pipa (Ming), Zhongjing Banner (Ming), Feng Menglong's Jiao Hong Ji (Ming), Meng Chengshun. Go to the wall at once (Yuan) Bai Pu's The West Chamber (Yuan) Wang Shifu's The Shame of Jian 'an (Yuan) Kang's Seeing Money Slaves (Yuan) The Story of a Dormitory (Yuan) The Wolf in Zhongshan (Ming) Kang Hai's The Jade Hairpin (Ming)