60,000-80,000 years ago, human development not only produced the cognitive ability of complex culture. The brains of early Homo sapiens were not mature enough to create complex cultures. The intelligence of modern people to create culture seems to have appeared about 50 thousand years ago. Human language is complex in the early stage, with the characteristics of fuzziness, instability and randomness.
About BC14th century, late Yin and Shang dynasties. "Ideographic symbol" evolved into a relatively stereotyped "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". This is considered to be the first form of Chinese characters. The characters carved on the tortoise shell of animal bones and found in Yin ruins are considered as the direct ancestors of "modern Chinese characters", which can prove the continuation of Chinese civilization. For thousands of years, Middle Easterners have been unable to read the hieroglyphics of their ancestors. From the perspective of Chinese grammar and phonetic changes, the history of Chinese can be divided into four periods:
First, before the third century A.D. (before the Five Rebellions) it was ancient times. (The third and fourth centuries are transitional stages. The characteristics of ancient times are: 1, and judgment sentences generally have no copula; 2. In interrogative sentences, the pronoun object comes before the verb; 3. There are two kinds of entering tones (one of them became a falling tone in later generations), and so on.
Second, the fourth century to the twelfth century (the first half of the Southern Song Dynasty) was the Middle Ages. (12nd century and13rd century are transitional stages. The characteristics of the Middle Ages are: 1, and the copula became an essential sentence component in spoken sentences; 2. Generation of disposal types; 3. The general application of the completely passive sentence of the "Bei" sentence: 4. The formation of "le" and "zhe" in the form; 5. The generation of unvoiced words and so on.
Third,13rd century to19th century (Opium War) is modern times.
The transition period was from the Opium War of 1840 to the May 4th Movement of 19 19. Modern characteristics: 1, the voiced initials in northern dialect disappeared; 2. The ending rhyme of-m disappears in the northern dialect; 3. Rusheng disappears in the northern dialect, and so on.
Fourth, the 20th century (after the May 4th Movement) is modern. Characteristics of modern Chinese: 1, appropriately absorbing western grammar; 2. A large number of disyllabic words have been added.
With the development of Chinese, it is becoming more and more mature. Xinhua Dictionary published by the Commercial Press fully proves this point. This is a new Chinese reference book that comprehensively explains the form, sound and meaning of Chinese characters, systematically tells the origin and allusions of Chinese characters, and provides four writing methods of Chinese characters: running script, official script, cursive script and seal script. The book 10 100 has more than 7,000 words, including all 7,000 common words and 2,800 less common words except 7,000 words. For the convenience of readers, we also collected 300 rare words that still have practical value. Such a huge Chinese character library is enough to show the inclusiveness of Chinese.