Ten wars between Russia and Turkey in Russian history lasted 24 1 year, with an average of less than 19 years. This is the longest war series in European history, and Austria, Britain, France, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and other countries have also participated in it. As a result of the war, Russia expanded its territory and Turkey gradually declined.
The First Russian-Turkish War (1676-168 1 year)
The first Russian-Turkish war was the first important war between the Romanov dynasty of Russia and the Ottoman Empire of Turkey, and it was a war between Russia and Turkey for the lower reaches of the Dnieper River.
1676, Russia declared war on Turkey. The war lasted for five years, but neither side won or lost. 168 1 year, the Ottoman Empire recognized the rule of Tsarist Russia on the left bank of the Dnieper River.
The Second Russian-Turkish War (1686-1700)
1683 In July, the Turkish army besieged Vienna. 1684 Austria, Poland and Venice formed an anti-Ottoman empire? Holy alliance? , 1686 Russia joined. 1695 and 1696, the Russian emperor Peter I attacked the Sea of Azov twice and was defeated by the allied forces of the Ottoman Empire and its subordinate country, the Crimean Khanate. 1697 In September, the Austrian army defeated the Turkish army in the battle of Zete on the Tisza River, and the Russian army occupied the mouth of the Don River.
As a result of the war, the Azov Sea and its coast extending to the Mius River belonged to Russia, and Russia acquired the fortress of Azov Sea and established the first seaport in the Black Sea.
The Third Russian-Turkish War (1710-1713)
17 10, the Turkish army went north and recovered the mouth of the don river, and the Russian-Turkish war broke out. 17 1 1 year, Tsar Peter I personally conquered the Prut River and was besieged by Turkish and Crimean Tatar troops.
The war ended in Russia's defeat, forced to abandon the Sea of Azov and demolished the fortifications along the coast of Azov. According to the Prut Peace Treaty of July 17 1 1, the Azov Sea returned to Turkish rule.
The Fourth Russian-Turkish War (1735-1739)
/kloc-at the end of 0/735, Crimean Tatars attacked Ukraine and the Caucasus and became an excuse for war. 1736, Russian commanders expected to capture the Sea of Azov and Crimea, but due to the lack of materials and the outbreak of the epidemic, the Russian army had to lead troops back to Ukraine. 1737, Russian troops attacked Moldavia at the beginning of 1739, in order to join forces with the Austrian army in Wallachia and Bosnia, which turned the tide. Russia faced the threat of Swedish invasion, and its ally Austria withdrew from the war and had to sign the Belgrade Peace Treaty with Turkey.
According to the Belgrade Peace Treaty of September 1739, the Azov Sea was once again owned by Russia.
The Fifth Russian-Turkish War (1768-1774)
The Fifth Russian-Turkish War was an influential war between Russia and Ottoman Turkish Empire. The main result was that South Ukraine, the North Caucasus and Crimea were controlled by Tsarist Russia. At the beginning of the war, the famous Russian soldier Alexander? Vasilyevich? Suvorov quickly and easily defeated the army of Baal League, and won many victories between 1773 and 1774. On the sea battlefield, the Russian army finally wiped out the main force of the Turkish navy in the naval battle of Cessme in 1770.
The Ottoman Turkish Empire finally had to sign the Kenaki Peace Treaty in Cuciuc on July 26th, 1974. Russia received 2.5 million rubles of land compensation and war reparations, as well as the area between the Dnieper River and the Nanbuge River and the Kerch Strait leading to the Black Sea.
The Sixth Russian-Turkish War (1787-1792)
Turkey demands that Russia return Crimea, recognize Georgia as Turkish territory, and authorize Turkey to inspect Russian merchant ships passing through the Strait. Russia rejected this ultimatum. Turkey dispatched 200,000 troops and a powerful fleet to fight against Russia. In the war of 179 1, the Russian army won a total victory. On June 15, Kutuzov and his men crossed the Danube and defeated an army near Babadag.
1792,65438+10, Russia and Turkey signed the Yasi Peace Treaty, and Turkey recognized Russia's annexation of Crimea and Georgia. In this war, Russia made full preparations, realized its ambition to dominate the Black Sea, and obtained the ice-free passage of the Black Sea.
The Seventh Russian-Turkish War (1806-18 12)
1806, the Ottoman Empire was supported by Napoleon I of France, and Russia was defeated in the Battle of Ostritz, so it decided to take military action against Russia to regain control of Wallachia and Moldavia. Soon, Mikhail? Kutuzov took over the command of the Russian army In order to solve the war as soon as possible, he moved his main force to the north to guard against Napoleon and formulated bold bait tactics. On October 2, 65438/Kloc-0, the two armies fought a decisive battle, and the Turkish army completely collapsed and surrendered to the Russian army on October 23, 65438/Kloc-0.
18 12 On May 28th, Turkey admitted defeat, signed the Bucharest Treaty and ceded Pissarabia.
The Eighth Russian-Turkish War (1828-1829)
1828- 1829 The Russian-Russian war was caused by the European powers dividing up the territory of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, which rose in West Asia and later spread to Southeast Europe and North Africa. At this time, it coincided with the Greek war of independence in which the Greeks got rid of Turkish rule. Russia took advantage of the fish in troubled waters, and France also supported Greece. British poet Byron led the volunteers to fight in Greece, and the Turkish-Egyptian Coalition forces were defeated.
1829 In September, Russia and Turkey signed the Peace Treaty of Fort Adriatic, and Turkey ceded the coastal territory of Transcaucasia to Russia. 1832, Turkey was forced to recognize the independence of Greece.
The Ninth Russian-Turkish War (1853-1856)
At first it was called. The ninth Russian-Turkish war? But because its longest and most important battle broke out in Crimea, it was later called? Crimean War? Britain and France declared war on Russia at the end of 1854, and Sardinia joined the alliance at 1855. Austria forced Russia to withdraw its troops from the Danube, but did not help Britain and France to besiege the fleet of fortress Sevastopol in Crimea. Nearly a year after the siege of Sevastopol, the British and French allied forces occupied this important fortress, and then the Russian army withdrew from Crimea.
The final signing of the Paris Peace Treaty made Russia lose the achievements of almost all previous wars against Turkey, which was Turkey's only victory in the war against Russia.
The 10th Russian-Turkish War (1877? 1878)
1877 On April 24th, Russia declared war on Turkey and launched an attack from the Balkans and the Caucasus. After Russian troops entered Romania, they crossed the Danube in different places in June and July, captured Pleven, an important stronghold of the Turkish army, in June and February, and approached Constantinople, the capital of Turkey, in June and 10 of the following year. Turkey was forced to accept the peace conditions proposed by Russia. Finally, 1878, the European powers held a Berlin conference in Berlin, and the Treaty of Berlin replaced the Treaty of San Stefano. Bulgaria and East Rumailia were protected by Turkey, which paid 200 million rubles.
In addition, World War I was traditionally considered as a 1 1 Russian-Turkish war, and Russia allied with Britain and France to seek Constantinople. But first, the Anglo-French allied forces suffered a crushing defeat in Garipoli, with a loss of 500,000 +09 17, and Russia collapsed because of the war. On the eve of its collapse, it had become a semi-colony, leaving only the territory under its jurisdiction.
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