Xia dynasty experienced 14 generations 17 kings, so it is impossible to have no words. If so, what is the form? In what range?
Sanxingdui's characters are self-contained, regardless of the number and diversity of writing methods, they are ahead of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and behind, even before the summer in Xia Hou.
Can you listen to the explanation that the Yi people are the rulers of Xia Dynasty and the ancient Yi language is the official script of Xia Dynasty? When Xia Hou changed places, the Yi people moved to the Nanyi Plateau, leaving a splendid Sanxingdui? Can the significance of this hypothesis explain the continuity and integrity of Sanxingdui culture "through Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties"?
Bronze c-shaped man in sanxingdui pit 2
Historians were taken in by Qin Shihuang.
At that time, I met Zeng Nian, a photographer living in France, who was filming and introducing Sanxingdui culture in Sichuan for National Geographic. I showed him Sanxingdui ancient jade hidden in my humble room. When chatting, it involved "China's ...", which was quickly corrected. Historically, the term "China" appeared very late. He is right about this.
The Book of Rites, The Doctrine of the Mean, covers all of China and Hanshu covers all of China, all referring to the Yellow River Basin in the Central Plains. At that time, a nation and a country, called Guo Fang, was the main social organization form from the grass-roots to the Zhou Dynasty, gradually disappearing and moving towards unity. This should be the first paragraph of Liang Rengong's "China's Syllogism"-"China in China", then China in Asia, and finally China in the world.
The so-called "China of China" is China in the period of Sino-foreign exchange. Mr. Su once criticized two strange circles in history education. The first strange circle is "China's unified view", that is, the history of the Han nationality is regarded as the official history, and the history of minority areas is left aside. Therefore, there are still some problems in saying that Bashu did not enter China in the pre-Qin period, because in the past, it was "a foreign country is a foreign country, and a summer is a summer". There is no difference between Sichuan's ethnic groups and Fang's rule, and there are many ethnic groups, so complexity has become an important feature. The folk Sanxingdui jade stone tools, when they are more conducive to solving the mystery of the three generations, seriously conflict with the tradition, which also illustrates this point! No wonder Li Ji once famously said, "Historians in China for 2,000 years were fooled by Qin Shihuang, thinking that China's culture and nation are all things south of the Great Wall" (the beginning of Chinese civilization). From the northwest, it is certainly wrong to give the Great Wall to "aliens"-if you turn to the southwest, giving "barbarians" to "China" is "halogen".
Bronze Sui Palace Cup
Chinese and Yi scholars have different literacy.
From the 1930s to the present, it is generally believed that the official artifacts of Sanxingdui culture have no words. But when Yi scholars go to museums, they can identify many ancient Yi languages. Not only words, but also objects, totems, symbols, statues, the interpretation of Han and Yi scholars are very different. Even Han scholars can't recognize the public writing, which was broken by Yi scholar A Yutie Ri, who deciphered many folk jade inscriptions. Interestingly, a research group of Peking University Language Research Center is constructing the form of ancient Tibetan-Burmese language, and the bridge is ancient Yi language, while the Yi scholars are constructing Sanxingdui culture, and its bridge is also ancient Yi language, so Sanxingdui jade is unavoidable. The illustrated jade wares have been circulated among the people for ten years, which is why the "Sanxingdui Jade Culture Seminar" held in Xiamen not long ago was initiated by enthusiastic folk sponsors and attended by scholars at home and abroad, hoping to find a new way of research. Afterwards, he was "dwarfed" by individual media, was heated up, and suffered from "cultural" sensitivity!
Inscription of bronze wares in Sui Palace Cup
The "culture" here involves the deepest content. In my opinion, it is also writing jade. Most of the world you come into contact with is in the workshop, that is to say, where there is no "pothole", although there are people who are eager to try, they can only flinch. Strangely, the bronzes of Hongshan Culture's famous C-shaped dragon, Poly Group Ji and other national heavyweights did not hang their heads, but they were still elegant. However, Sanxingdui, a folk who wants to talk about things in words, is indignant. Presumably, the background is different, but it occupies an important position of those who want to sell their names. Of course, it is weak. But the more than 2,000 different figures discovered by the people-there will certainly be no weakness. Sharp-eyed experts believe that these jade characters should be the largest ancient writing system discovered after Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Ayu Tieri, a scholar of Yi nationality, even demonstrated that "Yi language and Chinese characters are older and more homologous".
"Baby Film" (Wang Yu Film)
Did Oracle Bone Inscriptions have any writing before?
The excavation of Sanxingdui jade can be traced back to Yan Daocheng in 1927, and the story is well known. In fact, the real storytellers are not Yan's, but those who pay attention to the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization around jade and stone tools, including many foreigners, such as Sang Zhihua, De Jinri and An Tesheng. The most important thing is that Li Ji's excavations in Anyang and Erlitou made Oracle Bone Inscriptions an irrefutable evidence and locked Zhang Taiyan up. Li Ji believes that Oracle Bone Inscriptions is by no means primitive, and there is no doubt that there was a long period of historical development before that.
Ke Wen du long Xi
The excavation of Sanxingdui began to be very folk. In the1930s, there were pastor Dong Yidu, soldier Tao Zongbo, county magistrate Luo and American geologist Professor Dai from West China University. Then there is the curator of Huada Museum, American professor Ge, and the deputy curator Lin Mingjun. Through the latter, Guo Moruo, who was far away in Japan, also knew about it and replied to the famous letter. The most important point in the letter is to emphasize the importance of exploring the prehistoric culture in Sichuan and the cultural contact in the surrounding areas, and also to talk about Oracle Bone Inscriptions being called "Shu". Unexpectedly, one sentence became a prophecy. Up to now, most of Sanxingdui can't escape from this lair, which is inconsistent with the brilliance of artifacts.
Ke Wendao's Long Xi Yin Tuo (untranslated text)
In my humble opinion, there are two reasons that hinder health research: one is related to ideas, the other is related to appliances, and the two are hostile, which leads to worse circulation and can't stop.
The so-called concept is "China's view of great unity" or "Central Plains cultural premise theory". Many people like to prove this by saying "I don't know words, I don't know music" in Biography of King Shu. However, as far as I can see from south to north, the statue of banjo, clan rituals, drum music and dance collected by the people can rule out the saying that there is no ritual music. Yang Xiong said, "I can't read" because of the time gap. Needless to say, he is Confucius, and he is closer to Xia. He once lamented that the amount of information in Xia was not enough. It can be seen that the importance of demonstrating the required documents includes both ancient books and artifacts.
The tortoise has a jade carving of Luo Shu on it.
The Shang and Zhou Dynasties were recognized by the West, because of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but the Xia Dynasty had to work hard because it didn't find words. For this reason, one country has devoted all its energy to Yanshi Erlitou, but apart from the hypothesis of "the boundary between Xia and Shang" and "Boxi", it has not heard of the writing before the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. But if Xia can't prove it, "Yi" will still be forgotten by "Hua". Unfortunately, these concerns, because of the convenience of utensils, began quietly among the people. Think about the plight of Oracle Bone Inscriptions at that time, and no one can let it go.
The earliest golden staff in the world
The key to the mystery of Sanxingdui lies in words and pictures.
From Yanshi to the present, folk collection can be divided into two stages:1920s to1990s. There are 400 pieces unearthed in Yanjia, most of which are spread among the people, some from different places and some from abroad. Chen Lifu, an important figure in the Republic of China, got the mask of God in Chongqing at that time, which was one of them. The Chicago Museum of Art has a collection of bound figurines. There are three Sanxingdui jades in the Palace Museum in Taiwan, which are estimated to have been lost later. Including Japan, Singapore and Southeast Asian countries.
I'm afraid it's wrong to say that no words have been found, so the local cultural management office has a collection of bronzes with inscriptions. There is an "H" symbol on the forehead of the bronze C-shaped head in the second pit. According to textual research, it is a variant of the surname Feng, that is, the inscription of the person engraved in the ancient book Yao Kaiwu and the Inscription. The so-called "inscription" is the person who inscribed the inscription on his forehead. Wang Jiayou collected 150 kinds of graphic characters from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty, which were later called "Bashu hieroglyphics", but they were not the same as the jade characters I saw.
Besides Wang Jiayou, Meng, Li Xueqin, Tong and Qian, there are also people who study Bashu characters. Wang Jiayou and Li Fuhua thought that Bashu symbols had the function of transmitting pictures and characters, and put forward that Bashu square characters were related to Xia, which was the Xiling culture of Xia ancestors. Qian wrote the article "There are Pinyin Characters in Ancient Shu", arguing that Bashu symbols are actually Pinyin characters, which are related to the ancient Yi language.
/kloc-cultural relics were banned in the 1990s, and Sanxingdui jade articles continued to flow to the society and entered the second stage. Guanghan had several collectors at first. Later, Zhang Siyong of Chengdu was the biggest. Foreign collectors are Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. There are about thirty people in Chengdu and Chongqing. The collection of ancient Shu jades, co-authored by Zhang Siyong and Liang, first attracted people's attention, which shows that people have clearly realized that the key to solving the mystery of Sanxingdui culture lies in the recognition of characters and figures. The lack of official research objects is precisely the result of many people's stubborn opinions, ignoring the efforts in the workshop and slandering folk collections.
Sanxingdui ancient cultural relics
The mysterious dragon seal of Xia dynasty
Slavoj Zizek talked about a very interesting phenomenon in The Plague of Fantasy. In daily life, there are actually many external appearances that directly turn ideology (in a broad sense) into utilitarianism, but we turn a blind eye and gloat over our "sudden discovery". In fact, the truth has long been there. For example, Michael Jackson's immoral behavior (referring to pedophilia) was not exposed after the incident, but was exposed in two albums, Thriller and Awesome. "The subconscious is outside, not hidden in some unfathomable abyss. Quote a famous saying in the movie "X Files": The truth is there. " The plague of fantasy.
With a sociological description, we might as well say that the truth about the characters in the Xia Dynasty probably existed long ago. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a very mature writing, and there must be a long evolution process before it. There are as many as 5,000 years from the original script of Jiahu Site in Wuyang, Henan Province to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. There is no dispute about this. The focus of the debate is mainly whether there are words in summer. Yes, what form is it? In what range? Guo Moruo and Xu Zhongshu are skeptical about this, or think it is not. Tang Lan thinks so because according to the detailed records of the genealogy, age and historical events of Xia and Shang Dynasties in bamboo annals, historical records, books and other classics, Xia should be included in the history of trust, and Confucius' description of Yao Shunyu is not empty talk. "Shangshu Toz": "Yin ancestors have books and records; Yin Gexia lives. " It shows that the Xia Dynasty before the Yin Dynasty is recorded in the canon, although it is closely related. What's more, the bronze Sui Gong Cup in Poly Art Museum is a nearly 3,000-year-old cultural relic, and its 99 inscriptions describe Yu Xia's great achievements in water control earlier than Shangshu, that is, hundreds of years later. Yu Zhen, summer is real. Without summer, there would be no China, which is no exaggeration. The Xia dynasty experienced fourteen generations and seventeen kings, so it is impossible to have no writing, even quite mature writing; So there was a prototype before it, and it also involved Cang Xie; Prior to this, Fuxi decided to be humane, make calligraphy deeds (including wooden boards and jade boards, and each side of the book is called deeds, so as to test each other), draw gossip instead of knotting, rule the sky as a picture, take the method for a while, and it will be easy for a while ... What is the trace of this nonverbal evolution? The Book, Yu Xia Shu and Zen Wen left by later generations are also widely circulated and increasingly lively, because Gai can make people closer to the truth of Xia Dynasty characters.
In particular, the most important thing to pay attention to is the "infant tablet" (also called Wang Yu tablet), not because of its legend, but because there have been many decipherers since Yang Shen and others in the Ming Dynasty. As short as a few years, as long as ten years. But the mainstream view is to remember Dayu's contribution to water control, which is the same as that of Zhang Yi in wei ren and Li Daoyuan in Northern Wei Dynasty. There are two points to support this view: first, the swaddling tablet is "tadpole" from the font. About the style of this book, Kong Anguo has the most direct description in Preface to Shangshu, which is the summary of The Imperial Collection of Sikuquanshu. The facts are there, you must read them:
"... and Qin Shihuang destroyed the first generation of classics, burned books and buried Confucianism, and became a bachelor in the world. When they escaped, they were dismissed. My ancestors hid their letters in the walls of the house. In the heyday of the Han Dynasty, the school opened and sought elegance to illustrate the big ideas. Fu Sheng in Jinan, who is over ninety years old, lost his word of mouth and deleted more than twenty articles. With its ancient books, it is called Shangshu. The meaning of one hundred articles is unknown to the whole world. In Lu * * *, the palace is well managed, but Confucius' old residence is not good, so he can live widely. On the wall, he got the ancient Chinese characters hidden by his ancestors, the books of Yu Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the filial piety of the Analects of Confucius, all written by tadpoles. Wang went to Confucius' house again and heard the sound of stones, silks and bamboos, without damaging the house, and learned to return the book to Confucius. Tadpole book has been abandoned for a long time. When people are ignorant, you can learn the meaning of the paper by hearing the book of ambush and determine its knowability ... "
At this point, it is not surprising to hear that the tadpole script is the official script of the Xia Dynasty, called Xia Zhuan. I just lament that the monument of Nanyue is unknown and the world is engraved, which is also a memory of the ancestors at the end of the road. There is also a tadpole-shaped Wang Yu tablet in Xiqiangyu Cave, Beichuan, Sichuan, with unknown origin. I looked at the inspection pictures before the earthquake, and there were only twenty words left. Now I don't know if it collapsed. Although tadpoles are called Yu Xia Shang and Zhou calligraphy, there is no way to test their origin.
Fortunately, the east is not bright and the west is bright. Among the folk collections of Sanxingdui jade, there is a seal with a height of 50 cm, and the long handle is a dragon climbing column, which seems to show a tall and unique posture. The head of the dragon is the head, and the head is independent and the beginning. China's cultural pioneers, who died for their country and didn't work hard for the world, count the emperors, Huangdi and Ren Huang, and only Dayu meets this standard. Mr. Ding Shan, the late great mythologist, wrote an essay "Examination of Soil and Water Techniques in Yuping", trying to figure out its meaning. Since the Babylonian flood myth, the Hebrew Noah's Ark and the Indian sacred fish are compared to teach people to avoid floods, China should also take the flood legend as the starting point of its national history. When there is a disaster, there is a leader to cure it, and Yu Gong is the only one. In ancient books, "all traces of Yu", "Book of Songs" or "Ding Yishi", "reliable historical materials that have been circulated for hundreds of years from the early stage to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period are all traces of Yuping's soil and water" (Ancient Myths and Nationalities). As mentioned above, I can prove it. Of course, the most important thing is that the spread of Dayu's story, "Don't start from the Zhou Dynasty, when the number of books was before the Yin and Shang Dynasties", should be regarded as summer.
But what does this have to do with the dragon seal of Sanxingdui? -Starting with the inscription of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Shi Ding studied the word "rain" symbolizing the rain god, saying that "rain is the rain god and solid". Because "it's a dragon, and the dragon is Kowloon (disguised as Yuba Kyushu), Kowloon is Jiuge Ququ, and Jiuge Ququ is Yu. As far as the original meaning of the text is concerned, it is indeed a dragon snake. " Therefore, the surname of Si, the seal script of Si, is quite similar to "the snake body rings itself", which often appears in Sanxingdui jade articles and can correspond to the ancient Yi language. Obviously, the snake is the national totem of Xia Houshi, and it is no accident that the dragon snake is the main totem symbol in the jade statue of Sanxingdui. Wen Yiduo and Shuye Tong have long believed that the Du Yu of Shu Wang is a snake house (see Sun Zuoyun's Study on Chiyou-A New Exploration of the Ancient Snake Family System in China) and the turtle spirit is a gun. If this is true, then Shu means Xia, and the Sanxingdui writing system we see today is also Xia. No wonder Sanxingdui has confused so many experts who don't hold books.
Because the similarity between Erlitou and Sanxingdui has attracted more and more attention-for example, according to the determination of carbon fourteen, it is in line with the first recommendation of Xia Dynasty; Similar artifacts, including tooth palms, bronze medals, pottery beans and pottery cups; Some characters are similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and earlier than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which leads to another topic-if these characters can be interpreted in ancient Yi language, what is the relationship between Yi and Xia? Can you listen to this explanation: the Yi people are the rulers of the Xia Dynasty, and the ancient Yi language is the official language of the Xia Dynasty. Xia Hou, the Yi people (who? ) moved to Nanyi Highland, but left a splendid Sanxingdui?
Can the decline of this hypothesis explain the continuity and integrity of Sanxingdui culture after Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties? For example, can established words run away like people? -Because, so far, I haven't heard that Erlitou and the surrounding Xia Dynasty archaeological core area have found the same words as Sanxingdui jade. Where is this "chivalrous" discourse circle? Sanxingdui's writing system is self-contained, regardless of the diversity of quantity and writing methods, before and after Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and even before the summer in Xia Hou-how else can we explain the extra 700 years? Tadpoles may be clues.
Therefore, this Sanxingdui dragon seal is extraordinary. Its memorial is very obvious, like a sculpture, but not like a seal. The seat is convex and has four big characters at the bottom. Compared with the inscriptions published in Yi Shi, the strokes are thick at the beginning and thin at the end, which are all standard tadpole characters. On both sides of the column and around the seat, there are characters completely different from tadpoles, which shows the hybridity of slanders written in Xia Dynasty. Judging from the degree of albinism, things in the Xia Dynasty are quite possible. It is the earliest seal in China at present, and it is not an exaggeration to say that the first seal in Xia Dynasty is of great significance. This rare dragon seal, like a jade candle, brings a ray of light to the exploration of Xia characters and their background. Let's follow it and return to the problem of jade characters in Sanxingdui.
Since Sanxingdui jade has tadpoles, Erlitou does not, Longshan does not, Hongshan, Qijia and Liangzhu do not, so there is no need to avoid suspicion. The dividing line of China is not Hua Yi, but Fuxi and Yanhuang in the northern writing system, while the more mature and active southern writing system-actually Kunhou in the northern language family, which is what Sun Zuoyun called "Long Hudou"-is actually a dispute between the bear totem in the north and the snake totem in the south. The consanguinity and characters are superimposed, and there are no words in it (Liangzhu Cong and Sanxingdui jade statues in Jinsha site). It is not difficult for us to realize the sociological significance of a large number of mixed totems of dragons, snakes, birds and animals. The symbolic word event is "The river map is full of life, and Luo Shu is given to it". And this happens to be confirmed by another bottle carving hidden by the people.
This sculpture is a man wearing a crown, standing on the platform with his feet and holding a scroll in his hand-that is, the personification of the tortoise's bad faith. Because, behind the idol, the image of the tortoise is engraved. The most direct explanation is the symmetrical pattern of big fish on both sides of the platform, which confirms the description of Xia Guan in the Notes on Collecting Wind: Xia Guan, due to poor water control, "sank into the feather garden and turned into a river essence". The tortoise is the messenger of the river god, and brings a letter from Luo to Yu, which contains the secret of water control. From the solidification of language legend to the sculpture of perfect three-dimensional space, people-oriented is not found in Hongshan Culture, Qijia culture and Liangzhu culture, which is precious and a masterpiece of Dong Fangyu culture. This sculpture can become a model because it shows the depressed spirit of "failed heroes" in a patriarchal society for the first time. For thousands of years, this spirit has been mixed and deformed (just like the dragon myth itself), which will inevitably penetrate the centrifugal force of other ethnic groups in the north and south. In the Xuanyuan era of the Yellow Emperor, the dragon and the horse went out of the river, and in the Yu era, the tortoise broke its promise, so the essence of "sage is it" is here. Therefore, through it, we should not only understand the story, but also see clearly the tragic narrative behind the sculpture-that is another possibility inferred by bold historians: the Xia people in Yiyi, that is, the snake totem tribe, according to the Central Plains, were punished by hard labor after their national subjugation (killing Chiyou), and they mixed with Sanmiao through water control. Sanxingdui jade culture is the projected world picture under this background, and its words will slowly reveal the real origin and evolution of China local art, only to be confused or forgotten by the latecomers.
The puzzle of Sanxingdui-Bashu pictures and texts includes seven puzzling ancient books: Cang Xie Book, Ke, Yu Xia Book, Hongyan Tianshu, Yelang Tianshu, Dongba Literature and Gabei.