1840, Britain launched the first opium war and China was defeated. The Qing government successively signed the Sino-British Jiangning Treaty (the treaty of nanking), the Five-Port Trade Charter and the Humen Treaty with Huang, the Sino-US Treaty with the United States, the Sino-French Huangpu Treaty with France and the Sino-Russian Talbaha Treaty with Russia.

1856 Britain and France launched the Second Opium War. 1858 The Qing government signed the Tianjin Treaty with Britain, France, the United States and Russia respectively.

1860, the Qing government exchanged the ratification documents of the Tianjin Treaty with the British and French ministers respectively, and signed the Beijing Treaty. China and Russia have successively signed the Sino-Russian Love-fainting Treaty, the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty and the Sino-Russian Northwest Border Agreement.

1884, the Sino-French War broke out and the two countries concluded the Sino-French New Testament.

1894 Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, 1895 China and Japan signed the treaty of shimonoseki.

1900, Eight-Nation Alliance launched a war of aggression against China, which ended with the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty".

2. Capitalist imperialist powers occupied the territory of China through unequal treaties. In August 20842, the treaty of nanking stipulated that China ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain.

1860 The Sino-British Beijing Treaty stipulated that the southern tip of the North Island of Kowloon and Stonecutters Island were ceded to Hong Kong, England.

1849, Portugal seized the Macao peninsula by force, 1887, coerced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade, allowing Portugal to "permanently administer Macao".

1858, the sino-Russian love faint treaty was signed, cutting off more than 600,000 square kilometers of Russian territory north of Heilongjiang.

1860, China signed the Beijing Treaty with Russia, cutting off more than 400,000 square kilometers of Russian territory east of the Wusuli River.

1864 The Sino-Russian Treaty on Delimitation of the Northwest Border cut off 440,000 square kilometers of territory in the northwest of China.

188 1 year, 70,000 square miles of territory was cut off through the revised Ili Treaty and five demarcation protocols.

1895 treaty of shimonoseki was signed between China and Japan, and China ceded Liaodong Peninsula (which was later redeemed by the China government for 30 million taels of silver), the whole island of Taiwan Province Province, all affiliated islands and Penghu Islands to Japan.

3. Capitalist imperialist powers extort huge compensation through unequal treaties. After the Opium War in 0842, China paid 2 1 10,000 to Britain and redeemed Guangzhou 6 million. After the Second Opium War, China paid 8 million yuan each to Britain and France.

1895, China paid compensation of 200 million taels to Japan, plus 30 million taels for the redemption of Liao and10.5000 taels for the Japanese troops stationed in Ahava, totaling 2310.5000 taels.

190 1 year, the "Xin Chou Treaty" stipulated that the Qing government would pay 450 million taels of compensation to all countries, which would be paid off in 39 years, with an annual interest of 4%, 952 million taels of compensation and 20 million taels of compensation from all localities.

4. Capital-The imperialist powers slaughtered the people of China in the war. 1894, 165438 10. In October, the Japanese army occupied Lushun, killing about 20,000 people in China for four consecutive days, and created a terrible massacre in Lushun.

1900 In August, after Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, it plundered the treasures and ancient cultural relics of the Forbidden City, Beihai, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace.