Revealing the fate of female soldiers in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: Most of them died of ideal self-immolation! The female soldiers of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom alone guarded the Heavenly Palace, which became the most cruel sacrifice in history. 1864, Tianjing fell, and the brigade destroyed Tiangong. These female soldiers set themselves on fire and died.
1856,3,000 Guangxi women stood in front of Wei Changhui, the "Northern King" who killed her eyes, and built the last barrier for Hong Xiuquan, the "Heavenly King". In a sense, these 3,000 women and the women who once reached 65,438+10,000 in heaven are the first and last female soldiers in the classical world.
Where did these female soldiers come from? How were the female soldiers born in heaven?
185 1 year 1 month1day, a female soldier was born in the sky. On this day, Hong Xiuquan swore an uprising and promulgated five military disciplines at the same time. The second is "men and women don't go", and a women's camp was established. This is the earliest record of female soldiers in heaven.
This is the first female soldier in the history of China. Then, why do female soldiers appear in the "poor" and "ignorant" Amethyst Mountain area in Guangxi? At this time, there are more than 40 thousand people in the kingdom of heaven. What role do they play?
1844, Feng Yunshan came to northern Guangxi. He is "far from the center and influence of Confucianism, away from densely populated town fairs, away from the most fertile farmland and the most powerful landlords." Thousands of charcoal burners, miners, farmers and rural women living in the mountains became the earliest admirers of Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan.
Guardian of the Heavenly Palace —— Female Warrior in the Sky
Among these people, there are also a large number of female believers. 185 1 year 1 month1day. With the armed confrontation between Hong Xiuquan and the Qing court, they became a female soldier, which is little known in the history of China. Most of these women come from Hakkas. They are not braver than men because they don't bind their feet. Zeng Guofan, who suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, endured the sufferings of Hakka women and even called these heroic Hakka women "Bigfoot Beauty".
In this way, the women of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom really let the outside world feel a fresh breath. At that time, foreigners saw them riding horses, walking and walking gracefully on the road. They said, "This is an unprecedented new phenomenon. It reminds us of the scene of family life. It will be a blessing if this revolution can break the system that women have followed so far. "
The emergence of this "new phenomenon" is related to the theory of "equality between men and women" advocated by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Hong Xiuquan declared that "all people are children of God and are equal." "There are many people in the world who are brothers; There are many women in the world. They are all sisters. Why should we protect the privacy of this border? "
Therefore, in the new social picture of heaven, everything shows a break with the old life. Women who used to be enslaved by families and men have become female soldiers who can March and fight with men. In addition, even the family system that enslaved women before was broken by heaven.
Therefore, since Jintian, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has had a system of segregation between men and women. Hong Xiuquan said: "Men have men, women have women, and they can't be mixed together." So in Yong 'an City, Hong Xiuquan issued a doctrine imitating the Ten Commandments of Moses. He said: "All men and women who commit adultery are called outsiders, and the biggest culprit is justice." He said: "Prostitution is the biggest sin, and it is very sad to become a demon."
Hong Xiuquan chose female soldiers to guard the palace: he was afraid that the harem would be driven out of the city wall.
Hong Xiuquan chose female soldiers to guard the palace: he was afraid that the harem would be driven out of the city wall.
However, in the new China society founded by Hong Xiuquan, all kinds of rules and regulations maintained by military law go hand in hand with the dissolute life of China leaders. According to historical records, Hong Xiuquan had 15 nephews when he left Jintian. Only one year later, when he left Yong 'an, he had 36 concubines.
In addition, 1000 more than Guangxi Federal Emergency Management Bureau
Puritan abstinence system, the policy of separating men from women, and even every rule designed by Hong Xiuquan for "Heaven" exist not only in this chaotic and contradictory group, but also in the cities where Taiping Army passes.
1852 In May, they crossed the Lijiang River and reached Quanzhou through the ancient canal, thus entering the Yangtze River basin. In June this year 12, he left Guangxi after a fiasco and occupied Daozhou, Hunan. In southern Hunan, they recruited about 50 thousand recruits. Without exception, they all follow the separate camp system for men and women, which is just a continuation of Jintian and Yongan. 1853 65438+1October 12 They occupied Wuchang, an important town near the Yangtze River.
When the Taiping Army arrived in Wuchang, the Qing court was overthrown and the name of Xianfeng was replaced by the name of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Compared with the change of national title, the change of social system is more drastic.
It is in Wuchang that concentration camp isolation, abstinence and even family separation exist not only as wartime policies, but also as a social system. Actually, there's more. A series of social system changes such as property, family, official position, religion, etiquette, and even various laws and regulations in daily life, such as prohibiting foot binding, keeping ladies and gentlemen, keeping concubines, and banning opium, all show the color of breaking with the old world.
Most female soldiers in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ended in failure!
Statue of female soldiers in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Hong Xiuquan not only changed Wuchang, but also changed the women's system in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Here, the former women's camp has become a women's pavilion. Female soldiers in heaven include not only followers of faith, but also conquerors under force. According to historical records, the three towns in Wuhan were in chaos at that time. After the Taiping Army entered the city, it set up a women's guild hall, stipulating that all women in the city should move to Wuchang Fire Lane to "go back to the guild hall" and "whoever delays will be punished".
At the same time, strictly implement the gender segregation system. Even if the husband visits his wife and the son visits his mother, "it is appropriate to answer questions at the door, and the voice should be loud." In this way, the original property system, the old family system and the warm interpersonal relationship supported by these old social systems collapsed under the cold military rule.
Wuchang is not the only place. On March 20 this year, the Taiping Army occupied Nanjing, and a larger women's hall appeared: thousands of Guangxi women and thousands of Hunan women, together with 30,000 Hubei women along the way and 100,000 newly conquered Nanjing women, formed the women's hall. From Jintian to Wuhan, "Bigfoot Manzhan" constituted the main body of female soldiers in the Kingdom of Heaven, while from Wuhan to Nanjing, this group was constantly complicated and chaotic, and there were also grade differences in women's libraries.
Those "Bigfoot Women" in Guangxi are regarded as loyal "big brothers" because they are the oldest, and they have become female officials in women's clubs. Under them, they are still willing and trustworthy Hunan women; Secondly, there are a large number of conquered women in Hubei and Jiangnan.
When designing a new social picture, Hong Xiuquan seems determined to get rid of the old world completely. The system of separate libraries for men and women in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the system of "sacred storehouse", the land system in China, and even the regulations prohibiting foot-binding, wife-keeping, husband-keeping, concubines-keeping, and opium-banning all have the color of changing places every other day. At the same time, an interpersonal relationship of "either me or the enemy" has quietly emerged.
During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the world was completely divided into believers and "geniuses" without intermediate elements. Anyone who refuses to follow them and still follows the past lifestyle is a remnant of Confucianism; In their eyes, these people are "demons". Just as revolutionaries are "brothers" and "sisters", "demons" can be ignored and killed. Because of this, in Wuhan, thousands of boys with knives forced thousands of Wuhan men to board the boat, and thousands of "Bigfoot women" were forced to burn down houses and people, holding thousands of Wuhan women. Unlike Huang Chao and Li Zicheng, they have completely different ideological support. To this end, they also killed them with knives, guns and instruments in Nanjing.
At that time, even Hong Xiuquan's son, the young king, was not allowed to see his mother and sisters. He can only sneak out to see his mother and sisters when Hong Xiuquan is in court. If the children of Skynet are still like this, it seems that Skynet still has the happiness and warmth of the family.
But at the same time, the leaders of the "kingdom of heaven" widely chose concubines. Paradoxically, Hong Xiuquan also promulgated the Polygamy Act, claiming that people in heaven and overseas are proud of polygamy. He also said, "The East King and the West King each marry eleven people, the South King and Yu each marry six people, three senior officials, two middle-level people and one lower-level person." Hong Xiuquan "has 88 women."
In this way, the separation system between men and women, which was in full swing in the kingdom of heaven, fell into an embarrassing situation. Therefore, 1855, after staying in Tianjin for one and a half years, Hong Xiuquan finally ordered the dissolution of the female education. In addition, there are letters to male and female spouses, which are specially set up by media officials. This is not so much the dissolution of women's education as a reward for Taiping officials. More than 0/000 female soldiers in Guangxi/KLOC became the guards of Skynet House for fear of having an affair with the harem.
Female soldiers in TV series set themselves on fire.
Lonely victim
The crazy guardianship of women shows that their beliefs have not faded. However, the female education system disappeared, and these last female soldiers became passive water in heaven.
In the later years, they guarded the Heavenly Palace alone. After conquering, killing and killing each other, they still have no dream of leaving heaven. This became the most cruel sacrifice in history. Until the fall of Tianjing in 1864, the Qing soldiers killed the Heavenly Palace, and all these women died of religious fanaticism.
Knowledge link: How many people died in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement?
185 1 year 1 month1day, Hong Xiuquan, a 37-year-old Cantonese, stood up in Jintian Village, Guangxi, calling himself the King of Heaven. Two years later, he was killed in Nanjing and committed suicide by taking poison. Until 1864, the city of Nanking was breached, sweeping over most of China for nearly 14 years.
For more than one hundred years, especially for more than half a century, Hong Xiuquan has been a myth in China. It was not until June 2000 that Pan's Taiping Guang Ji was published that this article began to break the topic. In fact, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War was indeed a great tragedy, and its duration, scale, heavy losses and far-reaching influence were unprecedented in the history of China. In terms of population loss and cruelty and destructiveness of both sides, it is unique in world history.
Even using modern equipment, including atomic bombs, it is difficult to compare with World War II, where the battlefields are all over the world. The hurricane caused by Taiping Army swept the whole place, and there were ruins and rubble everywhere. Many years after the hurricane, it is still devastated, devastated and desolate. The densely populated middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, because it is located in the center of the storm, is the area where Taiping Army and Qing Army compete to burn and kill.
Sun Yat-sen was born in 1866, only two years after the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. His hometown is not far from Hong Xiuquan's hometown. When he was young, he heard the story of Hong Xiuquan and planted the seeds of anti-Qing in his young mind.
Ten years after Hong Xiuquan's death, Hunan Huangxing also talked about his influence by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: "My revolutionary motivation was to read the Miscellaneous History of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom when I was young. However, after seeing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in jintian uprising, their brothers had a preliminary understanding of mutual assistance, so they were able to sweep Huguang and open Jinling. Unfortunately, later, because their brothers were selfish, they fought for power and profit and killed each other, which led to failure. I don't feel angry or sigh after reading history. "
Shortly after the collapse of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the story of two founders of the Republic of China, Hong Xiuquan, resolutely raising the flag against the Qing Dynasty undoubtedly provided them with a ready-made example. But Hong Xiuquan's influence on them was limited to anti-Qing. After more than a century, the truth of history finally surfaced. After decades of thinking, the teacher finally returned to the scene through his own aura and returned to the real history. He let us discover the ugliness, debauchery, shamelessness, barbarism, cruelty and superstition of this world that was once shrouded in the sacred veil.
Hong Xiuquan tried to resist, but failed. There was a long preparation period before he tried to resist. 1In May, 844, he and his only companion, Feng Yunshan, went to the mountainous area of Guangxi to publicize his "Worship to God". Because of the slow progress and hard life, I left patiently in just a few months. Three years later, Feng Yunshan went through a lot of hardships to gain a foothold in Amethyst Mountain. In desperation, he devoted himself to his work, which soon put him in danger, but at this time he hid. After learning the news of Feng Yunshan's arrest, he fled Guangxi in a hurry in the name of asking the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi for help. Feng was rescued by other believers before 1849 returned to the mountain. This is Hong Xiuquan 185 1 years ago. Feng Yunshan, who is good at physiognomy, would have become a human-god, a banner of resistance, and nothing would happen in the future.
185 1 year, Hong Xiuquan has only been in Jintian Village for a few days. He didn't even occupy a county. He can't wait to call himself the "King of Heaven". Into Yong' an town, the strong enemy sealed the king and swore an oath to the whole army. On the way out of Guangxi, young people occupied a place, but it was too late to escape. They were either forced to join the army or beheaded. The punishment is also severe. Besides beheading, there were five dead people. The most terrible thing is to "light up the sky". So before entering Nanjing, his team suddenly changed from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. When they entered Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, they were ecstatic. On the one hand, they strive to build a comfortable home for a few people. On the other hand, they turned Nanjing into a big military camp. Men and women are divided into men and women, and husband and wife cannot live together. The military and civilians are not allowed to own private property, and normal business is cancelled and the supply system is implemented. When you say "heaven", you actually mean "grave". It refers to a paradise on earth, but it's actually just a hell on earth.
When Hong Xiuquan didn't openly rebel, he had more than ten wives. When Yong 'an broke through, the number increased to 36. After the capital Nanjing was established, it was a beauty contest. Beautiful women are like clouds in the gorgeous heavenly palace. According to his son's confession, he has 88 wives and 1000 maids are waiting for him to enjoy. So he can only count by numbers, such as the 30th wife, the 8th1wife and so on. Since then, Hong Xiuquan, who is only forty years old, has never left home. Until 1864 committed suicide, he only went to Skynet several times. Compared with the emperors of past dynasties, the degree of obscenity and shameless is even worse. Teacher Pan said that through today's nouveau riche, we can get a glimpse of Hong and Yang's thoughts. Ah Q clearly explained the purpose of small farmers conquering the world and enjoying success. This is nothing more than "five horses" and a trampoline, which means women, money and wealth. Isn't it obvious whose "paradise" this "paradise" is?
Hong Xiuquan entered Nanjing on 1853, which may be the second time after 1938 Nanjing Massacre. All Manchu officials, Manchu people, intellectuals, monks and nuns, businessmen, men, women and children were beheaded. Many people were killed in disgrace, and their families committed suicide. The whole of Nanjing is bloody. The cultural relics and historic sites in the ancient capital were seriously damaged, and hundreds of thought books of past dynasties were banned from burning, which was more thorough than that of Qin Shihuang. This is not only a massacre of life, but also a destruction of culture and civilization.
1856' s bloody massacre was said to be "civil strife in Yang Wei", but it was actually "civil strife in Hongyang". Wang Yang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty coveted "utensils" and forced Hong Xiuquan and his son to name them "Long live", which caused this situation of mutual loss and profoundly affected the fate of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Hongmi ordered Wei Changhui, the king of the North, to lead troops back to Beijing from the front overnight, bloodbath the East Palace and kill more than 20,000 soldiers under the East King. Qinhuai River is dyed red. Wang is the most farsighted and capable of all kings, and also Zeng Guofan's most powerful opponent. He returned to Beijing and accused Wei Changhui of killing and abusing too much. Wei also wants to "order the flood" to kill the stone. The stone escaped from the city.
1863 65438+ In February, facing the collapse, Hong Xiuquan flatly refused Li Xiucheng's painful request to "defend the city", refused to leave his "Little Paradise" and comfort zone, and denounced and cursed Li Xiucheng: "I can't help you, but someone can help you." I said there are no soldiers, and my heavenly soldiers are more than water. "Nanjing is under siege, and the food in the city is about to run out. He called on the soldiers and civilians to eat manna. Before the city was destroyed, he committed suicide by taking poison in despair, instead of mutually assured destruction with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. After the city collapsed, there were only 10,000 people left in the metropolis with a population of 200,000 to 300,000, almost empty.
There is a book called Seventy Years in the Late Qing Dynasty, which records the beginning of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. This is a painful beginning. The book wrote: "By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the cycle of regime change had ended, the government's ruling machine was completely rusty, and society was full of diseases. Hong Xiuquan, a typical "three village toast", was frustrated in the examination room. In the name of "worshiping God", he rallied to revolt in Guangxi, in an attempt to build a coveted "Little Paradise". A group of fanatical believers were caught up with Liangshan and turned religious beliefs into political forces, which eventually led to countless tragedies in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. " The book uses "countless people died" to describe this huge tragedy, but it doesn't say how many people died.
In southern Jiangsu, there are often no residents within twenty or thirty miles, and some places have only one-fifth of the population.
In Zhejiang province, there are a lot of ashes face to face, and most of the former homes are starving.
Anhui province, southern Anhui, "there is no farming in the wild, no smoke in the village, and people in the city eat each other"; Northern Anhui "but there are yellow bones and white bones, no residential towns, and no one will see it in the future." "
Hundreds of miles away in Jiangxi, "I can't smell the sound of chickens and dogs, but I see the hungry people die in the road."
How many people died in this great tragedy is still a mystery. 1883, an American missionary claimed that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War in China caused 50 million losses. At that time, US Ambassador to China William W. Rockhill estimated that the death toll caused by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War was 20 million. This is the estimate of foreigners in China at that time, and there is not much factual basis. Contemporary population historians in China have re-estimated this on the basis of conclusive historical data, and formed two views: the first view is that from 185 1 to 1864, the population of China decreased by 40%, and the absolute loss reached1600,000 according to the number of households recorded in the household register before and after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; The second view compares the pre-war population data with the annual census data of Xuan Tong191kloc-0, and holds that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War directly caused at least 54 million deaths in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces. If the population losses in other battlefields such as Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian and Sichuan are included, the population losses caused by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War in China are at least 654.38 billion, and the direct death toll is 70 million.
No matter which of the above estimates is correct, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War is not only a disaster in the history of China, but also the most cruel war in the history of all mankind, because 50 million people died in the Second World War alone.
If we respect historical facts instead of nothingness, Hong Xiuquan and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom are certainly not advanced and progressive civilizations, but synonymous with ignorance, barbarism and superstition, and have nothing to do with "seeking truth from the West". He just borrowed some Christian nouns to play tricks, incite, deceive and fool the poor, and let them rebel with him. According to historians, the so-called "farmland system in China" has never been implemented. The slogan "There is only one home in the world, and * * * enjoys peace" and "There is injustice everywhere, and no one is not satisfied with warmth" is just a beautiful lie. To put it bluntly, in Hong Xiuquan's mind, religion is only a tool to resist and control his subjects at most. He has no religious belief at all. The so-called "day" is just his own "day". Hong Ren indica rice, who came to Nanjing later, did know something about western civilization, but how could Hong Xiuquan, who was superstitious, narrow-minded, selfish, ignorant and dissolute, promote his "elder"? Besides, the autumn of 1864 is not far away.