In 333 BC, Alexander the Great defeated the armies of the Persian Empire and occupied Syria.
In 64 BC, Rome annexed Syria. During Roman rule, an Arab country founded by palmira appeared in Syria. From the 2nd century to the 3rd century, palmira people played an active intermediary role in East-West trade. In 272, palmira was destroyed by the Eastern Roman Empire.
In 636 AD, Khalifa Umar I conquered Syria. The establishment of Arab sovereignty over Syria is a major turning point in Syrian history. Since then, Syria has been Arabized and Islamized.
In 66 1 year, Syrian governor Muawiyah seized power, claimed to be the first, made Damascus his capital, and established the Umayyad dynasty of the Arab empire (66 1 ~ 750).
In the second half of the 9th century, the Abbasid dynasty declined. Since then, the Toulon Dynasty, Ikhid Dynasty, Hamdan Dynasty, Fatima Dynasty, Seljuk Empire, Crusaders, Zanji Dynasty, Ayub Dynasty (1171~1260), Mamluk Dynasty (1260)
15 16, Syria was incorporated into the Ottoman empire territory that once spanned Europe, Asia and Africa, until the end of World War I in 19 18.
19 18 10 Faisal captured Syria and established an Arab government in Damascus, ending the feudal military rule of the Ottoman Empire in Syria for more than 300 years. Since then, the coastal areas of Lebanon and Syria have been controlled by France, and the inland areas of Syria from Aqaba to Aleppo have been controlled by Faisal's army.
On July 9, the first national congress of Syria was held in Damascus. The General Assembly called for the recognition of Syria, including Palestine, as an independent sovereign state, and rejected the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Balfour Declaration, as well as the proposed mandate. The Paris Peace Conference turned a deaf ear to this.
1920 In March, the second Syrian National Congress declared Syria's independence and elected Faisal as king. In April, the Supreme Council of the Allied Forces held a meeting in San Remo and decided that Syria and Lebanon should be appointed by France. /kloc-in July of 0/4, H.-J.-E. Guro, commander of the French army, issued an ultimatum to Faisal, unconditionally accepting the appointment of the French army within a time limit. Then, the French army advanced to Damascus. Syrian soldiers and civilians fought fiercely with the French army in Messeron. On 25th, the French army entered Damascus, deposed Faisal, and Syria and Lebanon fell into French hands.
1939, France took advantage of the tension that the Second World War was about to break out, abolished the constitution and resumed military rule over Syria. 1940, Vichy government of France surrendered, and Syria and Lebanon were controlled by Germany. 194 1 From June to July, British troops and Charles de Gaulle's free French troops entered Syria and Lebanon, driving away the German fascist forces. In September, G. catroux, commander-in-chief of the French army, declared Syria's independence.
1943 In July, Syria resumed its constitution, held parliamentary elections and established its own government. In April 1946 and 17, the British and French allied forces were forced to leave Syria. Syria has designated this day as Independence Day and National Day.