About a thousand years ago, foot-binding was a custom among young women in China. This custom began in the tenth century and ended in the early twentieth century. China people's foot-binding culture means that girls wrap their feet tightly with cloth when they are about six years old or earlier, so that their feet will not grow up normally; Then in order to reshape, the foot was broken and became seriously deformed. Generally, foot binding should not exceed 4-6 inches (about 10- 15 cm). This is an important reason why some elderly women in China are disabled (unable to walk). The steps are: first, soak your feet in warm water mixed with herbs and animal blood. This mixture of drugs relaxes muscles and makes them plastic. Then their nails are peeled off to prevent internal infection after operation. All the above steps are to prepare for the next real foot binding. Now let's start to shape "beautiful lines". Prepare a silk or cotton bandage, about 10 feet long and 2 inches wide. And soak it in the mixed medicine prepared before. Wrap each injured toe with a wet bandage. These wet bandages are constantly tightened during the drying process, and then gradually tightened to the heel. When making shoes, in order to be more suitable for foot binding, the size of shoes is greatly reduced.
2. Mummification
Sokushinbutsu means that Buddhists and monks die by themselves in a unique way, which we call mummification. It is reported that this custom almost only occurs in Yamagata city in northern Japan. People found about 16-24 mummies there. The monks kept a special diet for three years-eating only nuts and seeds. They strictly "treat" the body to reduce body fat. After three years, they began to eat only some bark and tree heels and drink some poisonous juice from sumac (usually in painted bowls). This process will last for three years. This diet makes them vomit easily, and the liquid in their bodies is quickly lost; And can kill maggots in the body, so that the body is not easy to rot after death. Finally, in order to keep the body lotus-shaped, the monk who is about to be mummified will enter a tomb similar to his body size. The only contact between monks and the outside world is through snorkels and bells. He rings the bell every day to let the outside world know that he is still alive. If one day the bell stops, people outside will take off the snorkel and seal the grave.
3. eunuch
Eunuch is a man whose genitals have been cut off: due to certain social responsibilities, a proper term-eunuch-came into being. Since then, as a common noun, it has become a part of many social systems. In ancient China, genital mutilation was not only a traditional punishment (from the Sui Dynasty), but also a way to get the position of serving the emperor. There were about 70,000 eunuchs in the imperial palace in the late Ming Dynasty. The value of this position is that eunuchs in a certain position can gain great rights-even higher than the emperor-but it is illegal to castrate themselves. Eunuch, 19 12 served the emperor, and his career stopped. Its number plummeted to 470. Eunuchs castrated before and after puberty need to be highly valued. They not only need multicultural training, but also maintain their own unique voice. These children, like ordinary children, are born with naughty and harsh voices, but they are extremely adaptable. This is the eunuch we know. Unfortunately, the choice of eunuchs is limited by age. These boys must be castrated without gender awareness. And make sure their voices are still beautiful and crisp after castration.
4. martyrdom
Martyrdom is a funeral custom in India. But in India today, martyrdom is very rare, and it is considered a serious crime. At the funeral ceremony, the widow of her late husband committed suicide by jumping into the burning fire in order to contribute to her husband. It is speculated that martyrdom is voluntary, and according to the available information, it is confirmed that most of them are very voluntary. In some societies, widows are expected to be buried with them To some extent, martyrdom is a compulsory system. Society put pressure on them and expected them to be buried. In modern society, there has been a heated debate on this issue. What often happens is that. A widow's lost expectation of life after losing her husband, especially if she has no children. In any case, there are also examples that do not agree with widows' martyrdom, and they make active efforts to prevent such deaths.
Step 5 fight
15 in the 20th century, there was a duel in western society. Dueling is a struggle between two people who have reached an agreement. According to the express or implied regulations of both parties, equip with deadly weapons and fight for honor. They will find some trustworthy witnesses (and sometimes fight in private). But this kind of behavior is illegal. Duel is usually issued by the party who wants to duel (challenger), mostly to correct people's insults to him. The purpose of duel is not to kill the opponent, but to be recognized as "satisfied" and so on. They volunteered to take risks and fight for the restoration of honor. Fighters will use sword weapons in fighting, but since the18th century, people have switched to guns. In order to make this ultimate weapon, the nobles carefully recruited manual producers. After this kind of crime happens, whether it is true or not, the criminal will hold a celebration in order to get "satisfaction". Some people will make some insulting gestures to him, such as throwing gloves in front of him as a code word for "abandoning armor and clothes".
6. laparotomy
Abdominal incision is an important essence of Bushido. This is the code as a soldier; Abdominal incision is generally used as a way to prevent soldiers from falling into opponents or reduce humiliation. Samurai will also obey their leader (feudal ruler) for caesarean section. So later, some humiliated warriors would rather cut their bellies than die at the hands of ordinary people. At this point, caesarean section is also popular among those warriors who are not hereditary (no one ordered and expected them to have it), and it has become the main way to restore or maintain their honor. But those female soldiers can only do it according to the permission. After bathing, the samurai put on a white robe. Have a favorite meal. When all this is done, put his papers on the plate. A Japanese belly cutter in traditional clothes will put a knife in front of him. Sometimes a special cloth is put on the seat. And he will prepare a suicide note before he dies. Let his chosen assistant (the person who introduced the wrong person-the person who helped him with the next procedure) stand behind him. Abdominal incision should open his kimono (clothes), pick up his mountain city (knife) and cut directly into the abdomen from left to right with the knife edge. Subsequently, the person who introduced the mistake went down a procedure of "introducing the mistake" and beheaded the person who cut the abdomen with one knife. (decapitate him at the moment of physical pain)
7. Sacrifice of the living
The living sacrifice method is used to sacrifice gods or other sacred objects. People usually beg for supernatural power and rights by killing human beings. This custom often appears in ancient cultures and is carried forward in many cultural fields, such as Mayan culture and Aztec culture, which are notorious for killing rituals-some people regard these two civilizations as the source of this horrible custom. People think that the victim's death ceremony is a way to please the gods and appease the soul. The victims, from prisoners to babies to pure virgins, all suffered tragic fate-being burned to death, beheaded and buried alive. A few years later, living sacrifices became less common in the world. Nowadays, this kind of sacrifice is very rare. Most religions condemn this behavior, and contemporary laws also define it as illegal. Nevertheless, this custom will still be seen today, especially in underdeveloped areas that still believe in traditional culture.
8. Concubine system
Concubine is a social class composed of women and girls. They form a marriage-like relationship with men with high social status. Usually, a man has a formal wife and one or more concubines. Concubine has certain rights endowed by men. Their children are children of openly recognized men, but their status is lower than that of formal wives. Historically, women often volunteered to be concubines (arranged by girls or their families). Being a concubine can bring economic security to women's future. Sometimes concubines are forced and enslaved and become a member of the sexual slave relationship (mostly women).
9.geisha
Orthodox geisha have been replaced by modern social system. There used to be countless geisha. 1900, the number of geisha exceeded 25,000. By 1930, the number of geisha was 80,000. Most geisha are in Kyoto, which is the ancient capital of Japan. Today, there are less than 10000 geisha. In Tokyo, there are still more than 100 geisha. But in fact, geisha are very rare. Modern geisha are not born in poverty. They went to geisha school when they were children. Becoming a geisha in modern times is entirely voluntary. Women who are not geisha since childhood can also become geisha. In any case, the training of geisha is as strict as in the past. Young girls must take responsibility and learn many skills, such as traditional Japanese dance, singing and music. Traditional geisha do not need to provide physical services, although some modern geisha do.
10, Tibetan celestial burial tradition
The celestial burial is arranged in the morning. It is said that the bird pecked at the corpse. If it is completely eaten, it means that the deceased was innocent before his death and his soul can ascend to heaven. If you don't eat clean, it means that there is sin in front of the deceased and it is difficult for the soul to ascend to heaven. For this reason, the celestial burial should be carried out as early as possible, so as to prevent the "celestial bird" from eating something else and leaving the body. According to the traditional custom, after a person dies, his family members undress the deceased, curl up, bend his head to his knees, wrap it in white Tibetan cloth like a fetus formed in his mother's body, then wrap it with a rope, park it at home for three days, and carry it out of the celestial burial the next morning. Celestial burial master used to be called "wizard", but now he is called "celestial burial master". The ceremony of celestial burial began: the celestial burial master lit "mulberry" smoke to attract vultures, and then removed their muscles with a long knife. He first cut his back, gradually rotted, chopped the meat, broke the bones, mixed it with glutinous rice (highland barley noodles) and threw it at vultures. It is said that there is not even a little blood smell left on the ground, which means that the deceased has ascended to heaven. According to Tibetan custom, if there are men and women buried at the same time, the men are buried first and the women are buried later. This is not a man's privilege, mainly because the meat of a female corpse is easier to swallow than that of a male corpse, so as not to cause excess.