After tasting a book, you must have a lot of experience to share. The most important reading notes at this time can't be forgotten. Is it impossible to write without a clue? The following are my reading notes on the rise and fall of great powers for reference only. Welcome to reading.

Reading Notes on the Rise and Fall of Great Powers 1 After reading this book, I feel that my vision and thinking have been broadened a lot. Although this doesn't mean how broad this book is-the author himself admits to discussing international politics only from a certain main line, I think reading this book is an unparalleled enjoyment and benefit for a non-international political science major. This book gives us a professional vision and incisive analytical methods for thinking about international political issues, which I think we rarely get systematically outside this book. Therefore, I would like to extend my warmest respect to this book and its author, and my deep respect to the broader vision and thinking it has brought me.

I feel that in today's increasingly detailed division of labor and in-depth development of disciplines, every intellectual has more or less some paranoia based on his major. Personally, as an economics major, I once believed in Dr. gary becker's "economic imperialism" and observed every external phenomenon and internal law of the world with a kind of colored glasses of economics. However, when I finished reading this book, I suddenly found that the angle and theory of explaining the world are far from being so narrow and single as I accepted before, and its argumentation method and basis are far from being so loose and weak as I thought before. When the integration of disciplines becomes the trend of the times, the mindset becomes the "reactionary police" of knowledge innovation. I think the fierce collision and rapid switching of thinking brought by this cross-disciplinary reading is really a kind of progress and enjoyment.

At least in the process of reading this book, I have a new understanding and gained the following four questions. In the war of great powers, especially in the war of great powers, the economic ability and credit evaluation of the national alliance play a decisive role in the final result. The former determines the number of military forces that domestic resources can transform, while the latter determines the number of military forces that other countries' resources can transform. In addition, national geography and national quality are also important factors, which sum up what economic factors cannot cover, but have an important impact on the final result. From here to there, I realized the significance of the great transformation of 1978 since the reform and opening up, giving up "taking class struggle as the key link" and insisting on "taking economic construction as the center"

Different ideologies mean different national development paths. However, "difference" does not mean "opposition", which has always been ignored by the former Soviet Union. Under the background of the Cold War mentality and the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union, ideology has become an iron wall that imprisons innovation and productivity. It is the paranoia of "command economy" that led to the lethargy of Eastern European countries and the Soviet Union in the 1980s. Similarly, the serious economic crisis in the United States in the 1930s and 1970s was also based on its absolute belief in "laissez-faire economy". The difference is that the latter has made self-adjustment and repair; The former is an ideological cloud hanging over the mountains from Eastern Europe to Eastern Siberia, emphasizing the opposition between the two economic forms behind the Iron Curtain, which leads to irreconcilable contradictions and domestic class struggles against ourselves. This led to the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, and also verified the world-famous title in Autumn Guangming Daily in 1978: Practice is the only criterion for testing truth. It is ideological emancipation that releases the spirit of innovation and stimulates the productive forces. Emancipating the mind is the magic weapon for the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must "persist in emancipating our minds, seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, be brave in reform and innovation, and never be rigid or stagnant." The historical track also implies this point.

In this book, the author has repeatedly emphasized the importance of balancing the relationship between "cannon, butter and investment" in modern countries. In a country's limited economic resources, how should it be rationally distributed among the three? This is a question that tests political wisdom and diplomatic mind very much. Artillery corresponds to defense expenditure, butter corresponds to consumption, and the rest is investment. The reduction of defense expenditure corresponds to the improvement of national living standards (butter) and long-term economic development (investment), but the current national security has become a problem. Reduced consumption means more resources are spent on national security construction (artillery) and long-term economic development (investment), but the deterioration of national living standards and the ensuing stability problems can not be ignored. If investment is reduced, the current national living standard (butter) and national security (cannon) can be significantly improved, but in the long run, consumption expenditure and defense expenditure will be weakened. From a military point of view, this is more like a trade-off between short-term national security and long-term national security. Here, idealistic economics may lose its explanatory power, because economic development is the most important goal only in a good international environment; In the harsh international environment, the issues to be considered are no longer so single. Why "Iran spends a lot of money to refine enriched uranium instead of oil", why "China faces a rare period of major strategic opportunities at the beginning of 2 1 century" and so on.

In the book, the author emphasizes the contributions of historical figures, such as the marriage background of Habsburg Empire, the role of Russian military police, and the success of star diplomats such as metternich and Molotov. As hot-blooded Prime Minister Bismarck once said, all countries are sailing in the "long river of time". They "can't create or control time", but they "can sail with different skills and experiences". This understanding does not go against the viewpoint of historical materialism, but slides towards historical idealism, because the author has always emphasized the decisive role of economic base in his works on the comparison of great powers. On the contrary, it makes us realize the importance of talents in the historical process and inspires us to give full play to our subjective initiative to some extent. People have been talking about such a topic: if there is no Napoleon in history, will there be another leading figure to play the same role? Although the direction of the wheel of history is clearly determined, the process and mode may be different. In more popular terms: the rules of the game will not change, but the opponents of the game are constantly changing. Therefore, it is linked with the importance of "self-construction of the Party" and "maintaining the advanced nature of Communist party member". Furthermore, I deeply feel that education is very important, because there are the following points: (1) The trained talents can influence the track and process of history; The spread of ideas can unify human thinking and behavior.

The Rise and Fall of Great Powers Reading Notes 2 Reading the rise and fall of great powers, we can see the world situation and the rise and fall of great powers for more than 500 years. I always think of China in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, almost 500 years. The old order has been broken and the new one needs to be re-established. As a result, the heroes rose together and conquered together, and Europe finally dyed the war all over the world. The two world wars reshuffled the world pattern, and now the Middle East is still at war. Spain, the Netherlands, France, Britain, Italy, Germany, Russia, Japan and the United States all ruled for some time.

War has always been the most explicit manifestation of conflict of interest. For land, resources, trade and population, we fight to the death under the banner of religion, nationality and freedom. As long as interests exist, fighting is inevitable, as it was in the past and will be in the future. Sometimes it is not just one country that fights, but the struggle between national alliances.

In The Rise and Fall of Great Powers, the author points out that economy and technology play an important role in a large-scale and protracted war between great powers (usually alliances) when both warring parties are equally committed to winning. Of course, in his book, he also repeatedly emphasized the role of geographical environment, diplomatic relations, officers' literacy and courage, logistics and technical support, and economic productivity in transforming into military effectiveness.

The Rise and Fall of Great Powers does not emphasize too much the role of leaders in shaping great powers, but it also notes how powerful people can better conform to the trend of the times and answer the questions of the times in their own way. If we look through the chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, we will see more heroes, while the rise and fall of great powers will see the economic and innovative forces behind the war. Perhaps from this perspective, history is indeed created by the people. After reading the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, you may have the will to make contributions and fight in the battlefield. After reading The Rise and Fall of Great Powers, you will understand that personal destiny is tied to the country, and the people are strong and the people are rich.

Notes on the Rise and Fall of Great Powers 3. The Rise and Fall of Great Powers This is a magnificent masterpiece that extensively discusses international politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy and history. The author reflects on the experience and lessons of the rise and fall of major countries in the world in the past 500 years, and emphasizes that the development of economy and science and technology is the foundation of social development, and economic strength is the backing of military strength. The rise of great powers began with the development of economy and science and technology, followed by military prosperity and expansion in foreign wars, the rise and fall of great powers, the shift of the focus of international productivity, excessive aggression and expansion, and the relative decline and backwardness of economy and science and technology.

Paul kennedy believes that the achievement of a big country depends not on how much progress it has made compared with the past, nor on its current wealth and strength, but on the horizontal comparison of its neighbors and its position in the international community. This view is similar to Mencius's "born in sorrow and died in happiness", and both emphasize the importance of competition. In the chapter "Miracle of Europe", this view has been fully reflected. Why can modern Europe stand out? It is precisely because of the long-standing competitive relationship between European countries, such as the arms race and colonial struggle. One country has risen, followed by another, and there is almost no monopoly. This keeps European countries moving forward. On the other hand, in the chapter "China in Ming Dynasty", China closed herself to the outside world, thinking that she was a big country and did not need to develop, and suppressed the competitiveness of business internally, which gradually declined in the old dream of stabilizing China. So competition is the source of revival, and closed rules are the soil of decline. The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation needs competition.

There are many competitors for the revival of China, such as neighboring countries, Japan, Russia, India, Europe and America all over the world. Simply put, from the perspective of economic competition, each of these economies plays an important role in the world economy. As the western proverb says, "When you compete with the master, the weak will become the master". What's more, we are not weak. Therefore, what big enterprises in China should do is not to stick to the domestic market and make profits by crowding out the competitive monopoly, but to go out and compete with foreign enterprises. At the same time, it is necessary to change the situation that the domestic market is monopolized by some large state-owned enterprises and support competitive small and medium-sized enterprises. Market economy is a competitive economy. Now China's economy is deepening towards marketization, which is undoubtedly a good thing for competition.

From the economic point of view, whether it is Marx's "economic foundation determines superstructure" or paul kennedy's "interaction between economy and strategy", we all see the importance of economy to the rise of a country. Taking the chapter "Financial Revolution" in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers as an example, this paper describes the "silver priority" policies of the Netherlands, Britain and France in Western Europe. With the economic strength as the pillar, we will expand militarily and conduct commercial trade, and eventually become a powerful country. As for the description of contemporary China's economy, it mainly focuses on the chapter of "China's Balance", detailing the economic development of China since the reform and opening up. The economy is too important for China, which has been poor for a hundred years and is now in the stage of revival. China's economy has actively integrated into the world and become an indispensable part of the global economy. First of all, we can use economic income to improve infrastructure and strengthen national defense. Even support the future development of the whole country. Secondly, it can have economic ties with other countries in the world.

Military affairs have always been a very important link in the rise of great powers. As paul kennedy said, "the victory of any big country or the collapse of another big country is often the result of long-term military operations". Britain fought three wars with Holland and seven years with France. America has a civil war and two world wars. Germany has the Puao War and the Franco-Prussian War. Japan has the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, and military means is a relatively direct way to obtain resources. To say the least, even if there is no foreign war, active defense forces are still necessary. Quoting a sentence from the Great Power Rejuvenation, "The Chinese nation is a peace-loving nation, but without strong military strength, how can peace be guaranteed?" For example, the Somali escort of China Navy is a typical military security economy. On the other hand, modern China experienced two wars, namely Sino-British War, Sino-Japanese War and Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, and gradually declined. Backward military strength can't even protect the country, let alone escort economic development.

Everyone has a responsibility and responsibility for the prosperity of the country. We must do our job well. Make contributions to national construction. A person's energy is limited. As long as we all work hard in one place, think hard in one place and find a goal, this huge positive energy will be unstoppable. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the country. Each of us has more or less enjoyed the benefits brought by the reform and opening up, and we can feel the warmth of the sun in winter. Each of us wants the country to be strong. We live together in this hot land, and we should and must work hard for the country, the nation and ourselves.

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