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Why are many English slang words related to Rome?
Good question

In 49 BC, the Roman ruler Pompeii and the Senate plotted against Caesar. At that time, there was a small river called Rubicon at the junction of Caesar's territory and Italy. Caesar, desperate, brazenly led the army across the river to fight Pompeii. When crossing the river, he said, "What is done is done." The dice have been rolled, indicating that he has made up his mind. After crossing the river, he also burned the ferry and the ship, forcing the soldiers to move forward and defeating the enemy. There are several idioms about this story in English:

cut off all means of retreat

Cross the rubicon river. Decided to take a huge risk and take decisive action.

cut off all means of retreat

Burn your own boat. (burn one's bridges)

What is done is done.

The dice have been rolled. Things have been decided and cannot be changed.

Roman customs are also reflected in idioms:

win a prize

Penetrate palm branches

In ancient Rome, the winners in the arena used the crown of palm branches or leaves as a symbol of victory.

She succeeded in all her attempts and was recognized as the best among her classmates.