I. Historical and Geographical Environment of China
(1) Terrain
China is a mountainous country, and the mountainous plateau hills account for about 65% of the land area. Those below 500 meters above sea level only account for 25% or 2% of the country's land area, and those above 3000 meters account for 25% or 9%. Among the China 12 peaks, there are 7 in the world which are over 8000m. The general trend of China's topography is gradually decreasing from west to east, showing a three-level landform with obvious drop. China is backed by Eurasia in the northwest and faces the Pacific Ocean in the southeast, with a vast territory and complex terrain.
⑵ Climatic environment
Chinese mainland is far away from the ocean, forming an obvious trend of gradual change from southeast to northwest, from humid and semi-arid to drought. From south to north, Chinese mainland takes mountains and rivers as the natural dividing line, showing a gradual change of tropical, subtropical, warm temperate zone, middle temperate zone and cold temperate zone. The monsoon climate is obvious. The main performance is that the prevailing wind direction changes obviously in winter and summer, and the precipitation has obvious seasonal changes with the advance and retreat of monsoon. The continental climate is very strong. It shows that the average temperature in winter and summer is quite different from other regions or countries at the same latitude, with low temperature in winter and high temperature in summer and large annual temperature difference.
(3) The geographical diversity of China: it has a vast territory and all-encompassing landforms; There are many kinds of climates.
The general features of China's geography: First of all, many rivers, like blood vessels, connect vast areas of the mainland. The Yellow River and the Yangtze River run through three steps, connecting the land and things in China. Hanshui River and Huaihe River connect the two rivers. Xiangjiang River and Ganjiang River, tributaries of the Yangtze River, together with Lijiang River and Beijiang River in the Pearl River system, originate in Nanling Mountain range. Lingqu was dug in Qin Dynasty, connecting Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River. Xijiang River connects Lingnan and Yungui. Chinese mainland became a whole.
Secondly, geographical access: Chinese mainland has complex terrain and numerous mountains, but no matter how steep the terrain is, nature always leaves people with convenient transportation. In fact, there is almost no place where people have not communicated.
2. The influence of historical and geographical environment on China traditional culture:
(1) The influence of historical and geographical environment on the diversity of traditional culture in China.
Different geographical environments have great influence on the formation and development trend of different cultural types. The diversification of geographical environment in China objectively constitutes the material basis for the coexistence of multi-ethnic, multi-economic and multi-culture. Different geographical environment and material conditions make people form different lifestyles and concepts. In terms of food, clothing, housing and transportation, there have been great differences in various places, and different customs and habits have been formed over time.
⑵ The influence of historical and geographical environment on the "pluralistic and integrated pattern".
The geographical environment of China, especially the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, is relatively superior, which provides suitable conditions for the development of agriculture. China's dominant traditional culture, whether material or spiritual, is based on farming economy. They were formed in agricultural areas and spread with the expansion of agricultural areas. A large number of Han (Huaxia) people are constantly migrating from the Yellow River basin to the south, northwest and northeast. Cultural advantages and quantity are the main population of these immigrants, and the culture they bring naturally becomes the main culture of the immigrants. Of course, traditional culture has absorbed the essence of national cultures such as animal husbandry, forming a historical trend of national cohesion and multicultural type integration, thus forming a pluralistic and integrated pattern with farming culture as the main body in China.
⑶ The historical and geographical environment has influenced the formation of China's traditional "ethical and political culture".