Shenbao is the earliest and oldest newspaper in the world.
In the Western Han Dynasty, in order to strengthen the imperial power, the Han Dynasty implemented a county system that was conducive to centralization, dividing the whole country into 36 large counties, and the lower levels of the counties were divided into several counties, which were managed by the central government.
All counties have offices in the capital Chang 'an, which is equivalent to the provincial offices in Beijing now. This office is called "Di".
There are clerks stationed in the "mansion", who are responsible for collecting information about Shangfeng, writing it on bamboo slips or silk books, and transmitting it to the prefects of various counties for reference through post stations.
This kind of bamboo wire with information on it is called Dibao.
With the continuous strengthening of the ancient central kingship, Dibao has been well developed. From the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, the name of Dibao changed frequently, but its distribution never stopped, and its nature and content did not change much.
In this historical process, the appearance of paper makes it easier to write and distribute Dibao. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the extensive use of block printing and the expansion of the territory of the central dynasty in China, the use of Dibao became more quantitative and standardized.
The first printed newspaper was delivered by the post office. The delivery personnel are soldiers of the Ministry of War of the Tang Dynasty, carrying purses and bells around their waists and riding fast horses to deliver mail. Hear * * *, pedestrians are far away.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Dibao was also called Kaiyuan Zabao.
In the Ming Dynasty, the General Political Department, a specialized agency of the central government, compiled and published Dibao, and the date and target of its release became increasingly stable, forming a national news publication.
It has initially possessed some elements of today's newspaper.
1638 (Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty 1 1 year), Dibao began to use movable type typesetting, and the newspaper circulation increased. However, due to frequent wars and traffic jams, Jiangnan newspapers read it for a month.
In the Qing Dynasty, Shenbao had a larger circulation, and later it was renamed Bao Jing, which became a newspaper that officials, scholars and even civilians could read.
It was not until the Qing emperor abdicated that Di Bao came to an end.
Westerners have always believed that the earliest newspaper in the world is the Daily News, which was founded by the Romans in 60 BC. It was originally a wooden sign erected at the entrance of the Roman Senate to announce the latest decision of the Senate to Roman citizens.
Equivalent to the current bulletin board. Later, with the continuous expansion of Roman territory, it was far from being confined to Italy. In order to let all tribal subjects in the vast territory "bathe" in the kindness of the country, Caesar, the last chief executive of the country, appointed someone to write the contents of the daily chronicle on cloth, took it to the capitals of various administrative provinces, translated it into various languages there, and then made an announcement.
This mode of information dissemination has a great influence on later generations in the West.
China's treasures appeared in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty around the second century BC, about a century earlier than the daily Moon Hee of the Roman Empire.
Jiwen Daily is similar to Dibao in Han Dynasty in form and purpose, but the difference is that Dibao's audience in China is local officials, while Jiwen Daily's audience in Rome has expanded to grassroots people, which is closely related to the differences in political organizations and religious beliefs between the two countries at that time.
The development history of newspapers:
China's Shen Bao and the Western Daily News are both ancient media. Although they have the embryonic form of today's newspapers, they are still very different from newspapers in people's general concepts.
Today's newspapers have three characteristics, namely: publishing news; Periodically published; Public offering.
/kloc-The middle of 0/6th century is an era of great discovery in human history.
The Mediterranean was the center of world civilization at that time, while Italy, as the birthplace of Renaissance, was rich in cultural resources and had a deep foundation. Venice tabloid, which is quite popular in Venice on the northern shore of the Mediterranean, has played an extremely important role in the development of newspapers.
At that time, Venice, Italy lived in the Mediterranean trade center, and had frequent contacts with ports along the Mediterranean coast and German commercial cities, becoming a city that concentrated news from all over the world.
In this city, there was an organizer named Manante, who collected news about the court, city dynamics and trade information, and published handwritten news of this communique for princes, nobles and businessmen, which was very popular at that time. This is the Venice Gazette.
Later, the Venice Gazette was printed by hand, and its circulation increased, and it was later called the Venice Gazette.
The original meaning of "bulletin" is a Venice coin, and a bulletin buys a tabloid, so people call Venice tabloid the Venice bulletin, so that the word later became synonymous with "newspaper" in Western Europe.
This is the earliest newspaper in human history with three characteristics of printing now.
At the same time, Venice was one of the most famous seaports in the world at that time, with many passers-by. With these businessmen, sailors, tourists and priests, the Venice Gazette spread widely in Europe, Asia and Africa, which affected the development of newspapers everywhere.
In a sense, the Venice Gazette is the originator of today's newspapers.
Since Gutenberg, a German, used molten mixed metal to cast movable type, he later invented fat ink and printing machine, realizing the mechanization of printing.
The development of newspapers has also ushered in spring.
The development of newspapers: from Italy to the north along the west coast of Europe: North Africa, Liberia, Britain and France, Holy Rome, Viking ... In a short time, newspapers became popular in Europe.
And in the following hundreds of years, warships accompanied the colonists to cruise around the world.
China's Shenbao is the oldest newspaper in the world.
But today's China newspapers are all imported.
After the Second Opium War, many western organizations set up newspapers in China to facilitate missionary work, and published the final edition of Newsprint Trade and Communication in 2006.363. Ind45 April 2006.17 9: 3 am1:19 paper.
But most of the newspapers at that time were religious.
Not much news.
Until the end of 19, the number of government-run and private newspapers in China gradually increased.
1895, that is, in the twenty-first year of Guangxu, the famous reformers Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao founded a strong society in Beijing and published a newspaper, Chronicle of China and Foreign Countries (also known as World Bulletin), which had a great influence on the newspapers run by China people in the early days.
At that time, there were dozens of newspapers in Beijing alone, with more than 1000 copies printed every day.
1900 years later, with the establishment of newspapers one after another, six major newspapers appeared in Beijing, with brand names: Juxing, Juheng, Synthetic, Loyal and Articles Collection.
These newspapers control the right to publish newspapers in Beijing, and they are the earliest newspapers in China.
Newspapers are hired by all newspapers, all wearing blue robes, carrying a long bag of blue cloth on their shoulders and containing daily newspapers, which are distributed to subscribers such as yamen, government offices, big firms and banks.
19 1 1 year, Beijing Press Union opened a newspaper distribution office in Yongxing Temple, Nanliu Lane, Liulichang, responsible for the sales and distribution of various newspapers. This should be the earliest private newspaper distribution logistics organization in China.
Due to the establishment of the joint newspaper distribution office, in the Beiyang period, the newspaper center in Beijing was also concentrated in the Cheng Nan Caishikou area with the distribution office, and more than 100 newspapers and periodicals such as the Republic of China newspaper, Jue newspaper, Chenzhong newspaper and China newspaper gathered together, forming a certain scale industry.
The 20th century10-20s was the heyday of China's newspaper industry, with more than 300 newspapers published in Beijing alone.
At that time, it was also the period of China's New Culture Movement. Democratic thoughts and humanistic spirit were deeply understood by people through newspapers of all sizes, and gradually penetrated into people's hearts.
His ideology of productism was also spread in this period, in which newspapers played an important role.
Newspapers such as New Youth, National, Weekly Review, Beijing Daily and New Life ignited the initial spark of China Revolution.
The circulation of each issue of Morning Post has reached a record 1 10,000 copies.
Today, the development of China newspaper industry can be described as rapid.
According to the statistics of authoritative organizations, the daily printing volume of newspapers in Beijing exceeds 7 million.
On average, less than two people own a newspaper.
Take Beijing Evening News, the most famous newspaper in Beijing, for example. Its daily circulation is one million.
In 2005, there were nearly 2,000 kinds of newspapers in China, and the annual consumption of paper exceeded 3 million tons, reaching the highest level in the world.
Newspapers originated in China 2000 years ago. After 2000, China is the largest newspaper country in the world.