Liu Hui (born around 250 AD) is a very great mathematician in the history of Chinese mathematics, and also occupies a prominent position in the history of world mathematics. His representative works "Nine Arithmetic Notes" and "Arithmetic on the Island" are China's most precious mathematical heritage.
Jia Xian
Jia Xian was an outstanding mathematician in the Northern Song Dynasty in ancient China. The Nine Chapters of Yellow Emperor's Arithmetic Fine Grass (nine volumes) and Arithmetic Ancient Collection (two volumes) have been lost.
His main contribution is to create the "Jiaxian Triangle" and the method of multiplication and multiplication, which is the positive root method for finding the higher power. At present, the principle and procedure of mixed division in middle school mathematics are similar, while the multiplication and division method is more neat, simple and programmed than the traditional method, so it shows its superiority, especially when it comes to high power. This method was put forward more than 700 years before the conclusion of European mathematician Horner.
Qin
Qin (about 1202- 126 1) was from Anyue, Sichuan. He was once an official in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, and was demoted to Meizhou (now Meixian County, Guangdong Province) around 126 1, and soon died. He, Yang Hui and Zhu Shijie are also called the four great mathematicians in Song and Yuan Dynasties. In his early years in Hangzhou, he visited the Taishi and learned mathematics from a hermit. 1247, he wrote the famous Shu Shu Jiu Zhang. The book "Shu Shu Jiu Zhang" has a total of 18 volumes and 8 1 title, which is divided into nine categories. Its most important achievements in mathematics-"the sum of large calculations" (a solution of congruence group) and "the solution of positive and negative square roots" (a numerical solution of higher-order equations) made this Song Dynasty arithmetic classic occupy a prominent position in the history of medieval mathematics.
Ye Li
Ye Li (1 192- 1279), formerly known as Li Zhi, was born in Luancheng, Jin Dynasty. He used to be the governor of Zhou Jun (now Yuxian County, Henan Province). Zhou Jun was attacked by the Mongols in 1232, and went to study in seclusion, and was later hired by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu. 1248 was written in "Circular Sea Mirror", the main purpose of which was to explain the method of arranging equations with astronomical elements. "Astrology" is similar to the column equation method in modern algebra. "Let Tianyuan be so-and-so" is equivalent to "Let X be so-and-so", which can be said to be an attempt of symbolic algebra. Another mathematical work by Ye Li, Yi Gu Yan Duan (1259), also explains Heaven.
Zhu Shijie
Zhu Shijie (about 1300), whose real name is Han Qing, lives in Yanshan (near Beijing today). He "traveled around the lake and sea with famous mathematicians for more than 20 years" and "gathered scholars by following the door" (Mo Ruo and Ancestral Differences: A Preface to Four Lessons). Zhu Shijie's representative works in mathematics include "Arithmetic Enlightenment" (1299) and "Meeting with the Source" (1303). "Arithmetic Enlightenment" is a well-known mathematical masterpiece, which spread overseas and influenced the development of mathematics in Korea and Japan. "Thinking of the source meets" is another symbol of China's mathematical peak in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Among them, the most outstanding mathematical creations are quadrature (formulation and elimination of multivariate higher-order equations), superposition (summation of higher-order arithmetic progression) and invited difference (interpolation of higher-order).
Chungchi Tsu
Zu Chongzhi (AD 429-500), a native of Laiyuan County, Hebei Province, was an outstanding scientist in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He is not only a mathematician, but also familiar with astronomical calendar, machinery manufacturing, music and other fields, and is an astronomer.
Zu Chongzhi's main achievement in mathematics is the calculation of pi, which he calculated to be 3.
Zuxuan
Zu Chongzhi's son, Zuxuan, and his father, Zu Chongzhi, successfully solved the problem of calculating the sphere area and got the correct volume formula. The well-known "principle of forming ancestors" in current textbooks can be described as the outstanding contribution of Zuxuan to the world in the 5th century.
Yang Hui
Yang Hui was an outstanding mathematician and mathematical educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/3rd century, he was active in Suzhou and Hangzhou with many works.
His famous math book consists of five kinds and twenty-one volumes. He has written twelve volumes (126 1 year), two volumes (1262), three volumes (1274) and two volumes (field ratio multiplication and division algorithm).
In his Algorithm for Extracting Odds from Ancient Times, he introduced various forms of "vertical and horizontal graphs" and related construction methods. "Overlap" was Yang Hui's research on higher-order arithmetic progression after Shen Kuo's "Gap Product". In Classification, Yang Hui reclassified 246 problems in Nine Chapters of Arithmetic into nine categories according to the order of solving problems from shallow to deep, such as multiplication and division, division rate, coincidence rate, exchange, quadratic decline, overlapping product, surplus and deficiency, equation, Pythagorean and so on.
Zhao Shuang
Zhao Shuang was a mathematician in Wu Dong during the Three Kingdoms period. He once annotated the Pythagorean Arithmetic Classics. In his annotation of the Pythagorean Arithmetic Classics, there is a full text of more than 500 words, with a lost figure. This annotation concisely summarizes the important achievements of Pythagoras' arithmetic in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and gives and proves more than 20 propositions about the three sides of Pythagoras' string and the relationship between sum and difference for the first time.
Zhao Shuang also derived the quadratic equation (where A >: 0, A>0), and gave the proof of "gravity difference technique" by using the area relation of geometric figures in the solar altitude map annotation. The method used by astronomers in the Han Dynasty to measure the height and distance of the sun is called gravity difference technique.
Hua
Hua, a modern mathematician in China. 19101012 was born in Jintan county, Jiangsu province. 1June 1985 12 died in Tokyo, Japan. After graduating from junior high school, Hua 1924 studied in Shanghai China Vocational School for less than one year. He dropped out of school because of his poor family. He studies mathematics hard. 1930 He published an article on solving algebraic equations in Science, which attracted the attention of experts. He was invited to work in Tsinghua University and began to study number theory. 1934, became a researcher of China Education and Culture Foundation. 1936 went to Cambridge University as a visiting scholar. 1938 returned to China and was employed by Professor The National SouthWest Associated University. 1946 was invited by the Institute of Advanced Studies in Princeton, Soviet Union as a researcher and taught at Princeton University. From 65438 to 0948, he was a professor at the University of Illinois.
1924 graduated from Jintan middle school and studied hard. 1930, taught in Tsinghua University. 1936 Visiting study at Cambridge University, UK. 1938 became a professor in The National SouthWest Associated University after returning to China. From 65438 to 0946, he went to the United States and served as a researcher at Princeton Institute of Mathematics, a professor at Princeton University and the University of Illinois, and returned to China from 65438 to 0950. In the 1940s, the historical problem of Gaussian complete trigonometric sum estimation was solved, and the best error order estimation was obtained (this result is widely used in number theory). The results of G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood on the Welling problem and E. Wright on the Tully problem have been greatly improved and are still the best records.
In algebra, the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry left over from history for a long time is proved. This paper gives a simple and direct proof that the normal child of an object must be contained in its center, which is Hua theorem. His monograph "On Prime Numbers of Pile Foundations" systematically summarizes, develops and perfects Hardy and Littlewood's circle method, vinogradov's triangle sum estimation method and his own method. Its main achievements still occupy the leading position in the world after more than 40 years of publication, and have been translated into Russian, Hungarian, Japanese, German and English, becoming one of the classic works of number theory in the 20th century. His monograph "Harmonic Analysis on Typical Fields of Multiple Complex Variables" gives the complete orthogonal system of typical fields with accurate analysis and matrix skills, combined with group representation theory, and thus gives the expressions of Cauchy and Poisson kernel. This work has a wide and deep influence on harmonic analysis, complex analysis and differential equations, and won the first prize of China Natural Science Award. Advocating the development of applied mathematics and computer, he has published many works such as Master Planning Method and Optimization Research, which have been popularized in China. In cooperation with Professor Wang Yuan, he has made important achievements in the application research of modern number theory methods, which is called "Hua Wang Fa". He made great contributions to the development of mathematics education and the popularization of science. He has published more than 200 research papers and dozens of monographs and popular science works.
Jingrun Chen
Mathematician, Academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1933 was born in Fuzhou, Fujian on May 22nd. 1953 graduated from Xiamen University.
Mathematics department. From 65438 to 0957, he entered the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences and studied number theory under the guidance of Professor Hua. He has been a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, a member of the academic committee of the Institute, a professor at Guiyang University for Nationalities, Henan University, Qingdao University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Fujian Normal University, a member of the Mathematics Discipline Group of the State Science and Technology Commission, and the editor-in-chief of Mathematics Quarterly. Mainly engaged in the research of analytic number theory, and achieved international leading results in the research of Goldbach conjecture. This achievement is called "Chen Theorem" internationally and is widely cited. This work, together with Professor Wang Yuan and Professor Pan Chengdong, won the first prize of National Natural Science 1978. Later, the above theorem was improved, and the article "Minimum Prime Number in arithmetic progression" was completed at the beginning of 1979, and the minimum prime number was pushed from the original 80 to 16, which was well received by the international mathematics community. The close relationship between combinatorial mathematics and modern economic management, scientific experiments, cutting-edge technology and human life is also studied. He has published more than 70 research papers and written books such as Talking about Mathematics Interest and Combinatorial Mathematics.