Year: Qing Dynasty

Introduction to Zhang Xuecheng:

Zhang Xuecheng (1738- 180 1 year), born in Huiji, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing), was an outstanding historical critic in the late feudal society of China. Zhang Xuecheng not only criticized the past literature and history, but also put forward the idea of compiling literature and history. His specific methods of compiling history books are also reflected in various local chronicles he compiled.

Zhang Xuecheng is an outstanding historical theorist and local chronicler in Qing Dynasty. Formerly known as Wen Lian,No. Wen Bi, word Shi Zhai, No. Zhejiang Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) people. Zhang Xuecheng has a strong interest in literature and history since childhood and is determined to seek knowledge. Imperial academy, 26. Zhu Jun, a 28-year-old bachelor of Beijing Normal University, can explore his rich library and discuss academic origins, similarities and differences with celebrities and scholars visiting Zhumen, thus making great progress in his studies. In the forty-two years of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1777), he was admitted as a scholar, and the next year he was admitted as a scholar. He has taught imperial academy classics, such as Dingzhou Dingwu, Baoding Lianchi and Gui Dewen Zheng. Later, he entered the shogunate of Bi Yuan, Governor of Huguang, and assisted in compiling books such as "Continuing to Manage Mirrors". I think pedantry is not suitable for this world, and I don't want to be an official. I give lectures in academies in Baoding, Dingzhou and Guide. I majored in and participated in more than ten local chronicles all my life.

Since I was 27 years old, my father and I have been compiling the local chronicles of Tianmen County and started writing local chronicles papers. During the thirty-eight to fifty-eight years of Qing Qianlong (1773 ~ 1793), he compiled or participated in the local chronicles of Hezhou, Yongqing County, Daming County, Bozhou and Hubei Province. The previous research includes Macheng county annals, Changde prefecture annals and Jingzhou annals. In the process of compiling local chronicles, he paid attention to summing up the experience of compiling local chronicles, carried out theoretical construction of local chronicles, and wrote such papers as Discrimination of Local Chronicles Style, Three Treatises on Local Chronicles, Opinions on Recording and Editing Local Chronicles by Dai Dongyuan, and Ten Treatises on Editing Local Chronicles. Through the long-term practice of compiling local chronicles and the careful discussion on the origin, nature, style, function and compilation method of local chronicles, a set of systematic local chronicles theory has been formed, which has had a great influence on the study of modern local chronicles.

Zhang Xuecheng's view of local chronicles can be summarized as: 1. He first put forward the viewpoint that "local chronicles belong to the history of belief", scientifically defined the nature of local chronicles and made it clear. Li Baizhen said that he put forward such ideas as "local chronicles are a historical style", "local chronicles are a compilation of history", "local chronicles should be deleted as a national history", and "local chronicles are a whole history", which brought local chronicles into the scope of history books and considered that history books and local chronicles have the same nature and function. He said: "There is a history of the world, a history of a country, a history of a family and a history of a person. Biography and narrative, a person's history; Genealogy, the history of a family; The county annals of the Ministry of Finance are also the history of a country; Once you remember it, the history of the world is also. "

Classic Quotations of Historian Zhang Xuecheng

1, read like a meal, grow up eating well, and get sick eating badly. -Zhang Xuecheng

2, learning must seek its experience, and the industry has specialization. -Zhang Xuecheng

3, the method of memory, the boat of learning. -Zhang Xuecheng

5, sexual proximity, ok. -Zhang Xuecheng

6, words are still in the stone, aiming to know the hammer-Zhang Xuecheng

7. "All Six Classics are History"-Zhang Xuecheng

Excerpts from Mao Dun, a modern writer and literary critic in China.

Mao dun (1896 July 4th-198 1 March 27th), formerly known as Shen Dehong, was named Yan Bing. Tongxiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, is a modern writer and literary critic in China. Commonly used pen names are Mao Dun, Zhu Xuan, Fang Bi, Zhijing, Pulao and Xingtian. 1896 was born in wuzhen, Tongxiang county, Zhejiang province, 192 1 joined China * * * production party, 1949 served as minister of culture. In terms of literary creation, Mao Dun published his first novel Eclipse on 1928. Representative works include Midnight, Country Trilogy, Linjiabao and so on. Mao Dun is undoubtedly still the greatest * * * writer in modern China, no less than any famous writer in the same period. 198 1 died in Beijing on March 27th due to illness. The former residence of Mao Dun in Wuzhen, Tongxiang is listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Mao Dun's classic quotations are shared:

Let bygones be bygones and never look back; In the future, when you come, don't dream; We only grasp the present and do what we should do with our present ideals.

Mao dun

Nature is great, so is mankind. However, human activities full of lofty spirit are especially great in greatness.

Mao dun

Fate is nothing but the boring masturbation of losers and the ridicule of cowards. One's future can only be decided by one's own will and efforts.

Mao dun

In life, everyone should be a spring, giving warmth to others. Today, the relationship between people should be even more so. Between friends, treat each other with sincerity and treat each other with sincerity. Isn't it that they shine and warm each other?

Mao dun

Besides the knowledge in books, we also need to acquire knowledge from life.

Mao dun

Struggle makes you capable, and depression makes you mellow; These are two magic weapons for the times to let young people shoulder the historical mission.

Mao dun

Only the modesty of bamboo, the tenacity of cowhide tendon and the enthusiasm of fire can produce truly immortal art.

Mao dun

If a talented person is lazy, that is, he doesn't work hard to develop his talents, his achievements will not be great, and sometimes he will be inferior to those with lower talents.

Mao dun

Only the unfortunate modern youth born in an expensive family in 1 who is held in school, with a clown in his mouth and soft bones, is unfortunately only worthy of being ground into a paste under the big wheel of history!

Mao dun

Youth! The burden on your back is getting heavier every day, and the fire of your life should burn on the road of transforming society, not on the illusory road of enjoyment.

Mao dun

Only the modesty of bamboo, the tenacity of cowhide tendon and the enthusiasm of fire can produce truly immortal art.

Mao dun

Profound and innovative.

Mao dun

Struggle makes you capable, and depression makes you mellow; These are two magic weapons for the times to let young people shoulder the historical mission.

Mao dun

As a middle school student, you must have such boldness of vision: a body that can resist hunger, cold and falls, and a head that is not afraid of the wind, insomnia and dizziness ~ ~

Mao dun

It is respectable to fight for a better life.

Mao dun

My first teacher is my mother.

Mao dun

On the road of life, there are white and fragrant flowers and sharp thorns, but those who love their lovers will forget about thorns and only think about flowers.

Mao dun

Complete works of epigrams of honesty in primary schools

1. I have read it three times, that is, I feel something in my heart, my eyes and my mouth. -Zhu

People without faith don't know what they can do. -Confucius "The Analects of Confucius Governing Politics"

Honesty and diligence should be your eternal companions. Franklin

4. Honest people, heaven also; If you think sincerely, you will learn from others. -Mencius

If you don't believe it, you can't stand it. -Chao Shuozhi

6. Credit is like a mirror. As long as there are cracks, it can't be connected as before. Amir

7. Honesty is the knot of the world. -Mozi

If you are used to empty talk, the most respectable people will lose their dignity. -Motto

9. A promise is a promise. -China proverb

10. Honesty trumps all intelligence and is the basic condition of intelligence. -Kant's Lasting Peace

1 1. Losing honesty is equivalent to the enemy destroying himself. -Shakespeare

12. Where you are sincere, the stone opens. —— Wang Chong

13. Honesty is the first chapter of the book of wisdom. Jefferson

14. Honesty is the lifeblood of life and the foundation of all values. Dreiser

15. Only sincerity can break the sky, and reality can break the sky. -Xue Xuan

16. Keeping promises is better than being famous. Roosevelt

17. Without honesty, there is no dignity. -Cicero

18. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions. -Confucius

19. Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous. -Confucius

20. People can't stand without faith. -Confucius

2 1. There are not enough letters, and there is one more. -"pipe"

22. Life cannot blossom brilliantly from lies. Heine

23. Less empty talk, more work, down-to-earth and hard work. Deng Xiaoping

24. Credit at work is the best wealth. Young people without credit accumulation are bound to be losers. Daisaku Ikeda

25. Sincerity is an open mind. La Rochefoucauld

26. Honesty is a symbol of strength, which shows a person's high self-esteem and inner sense of security and dignity. Eileen Cather

27. Without loyalty, people can't stand on the world. -Cheng Yi

28. If you don't study sincerely, you will learn miscellaneous things. If you don't do things sincerely, you will lose things. If you are not sincere to yourself, you are deceiving yourself and giving up on yourself. If you are not sincere to people, you will lose your morality and increase your resentment. -Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi's "Two Ji Cheng Essays"

29. Being honest with others is not only beneficial to people, but also beneficial to people. -Toarey Yang

30. Think of evil things and turn them into hell; Think of good deeds and turn them into heaven. -Hui Neng

3 1. Ten thousand teachers in Qian Qian teach people to seek truth, and ten thousand students in Qian Qian learn to be human. -Tao Xingzhi

32. If you are true to yourself, you won't cheat others. -Shakespeare

Don't lie and don't be afraid of the truth. Leo Tolstoy

If you live honestly, you will have a clear conscience. Gorky

35. If you slip, you can stand up at once; If you break your promise, you may never get it back. Franklin

When credit disappears, the body has no life. -Dumas

37. Credit is both an intangible force and an intangible wealth. -Kōnosuke Matsushita

38. Take learning as the first step and take learning as the basis. —— Ouyang Xiu

39. Believing in the land of five elements, there is no place and no name, and both water and Jin Mu are alive. -Zhu

40. No one saw reconciliation, but God knows.

4 1. Words are impermanent without faith, actions are impermanent with faith, but benefits are everywhere. If so, it can be described as a villain-Xunzi.

42. If an enterprise wants to continue to operate, it must first be recognized by society and users. Enterprises are always sincere to users, and only when users and society repay enterprises can enterprises move forward-Zhang Ruimin.

43. Sincerity forever-Haier's famous advertising slogan

44. Sincerity is the door to the soul.

45. Half the truth is often a big lie-Franklin.

46. Knowledge is wealth, and honesty is also a kind of wealth. Knowledge can enrich you, and honesty can make the world a better place!

47. Don't cherish gold and jade, but loyalty is precious. -Book of Rites

48. Honesty is the world, and treachery is a low-level personality.

49. Integrity travels all over the world and the rule of law is harmonious.

50. Honest people, heaven also; The way of man is also true-Mencius.

Excerpts from famous sayings of Xun Yue, a political commentator and historian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty in China.

Xun Yue (148 ~ 209) was a political commentator and historian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The word Yu Zhong. Yin Ying of Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan) was born. When I was a child, I was smart and eager to learn. My family was poor and there were no books. When I was studying, I used to learn by rote and never forget anything. During the period of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, Xun Yue could not live in seclusion because of the autocratic power of eunuchs. At the call of Cao Cao, Xian Di became the assistant minister of Huangmen, and later became the secretary supervisor and assistant. He lectured around Xian Di and talked about it every day, which was highly praised by Xian Di. Because the text of Hanshu is complicated, Xian Di ordered Xun Yue to rewrite it in chronological order. On the basis of the genre of Zuo Zhuan, Nai wrote 30 pieces of Han Ji, which were described as concise and beautiful.

Xun's famous saying:

Promoting agriculture and mulberry to support its life, judging likes and dislikes to correct its customs, publicizing culture and education to make it better, making military equipment to seize its prestige, and clearly rewarding and punishing it to unify its laws are called five strategies.

If you don't know the truth, you won't have great ambitions; Without listening to sincere and pertinent remarks, there will be no firm will.

People exist, then the country can exist; Without the people, the country will perish.

Hurt my heart; Lack of clothing and food for ordinary people will harm the country.

But I want to have a clear conscience. I just want to be safe.

A loyal minister is at ease, but a loyal minister is at ease.

The foundation of morality is righteousness.

Ten difficulties are not dangerous, then the virtuous minister does not have to; If the minister is not wise, the country will not be the country.

One said I didn't know, another said I didn't make progress, the third said I didn't work hard, the fourth said I didn't finish, the fifth said I abandoned virtue with small mistakes, the sixth said I covered beauty with small mistakes, the eighth said I was treacherous and hurt loyalty, the ninth said I was wrong, and the tenth said I was greedy and wasteful.

Compassion is difficult, benevolence is difficult.

Ann asked the fox that the jackal was in power!

A saint who values the world will not hurt the public opinion of the world with his personal anger.

You can smell it without pinching Bass's ear.

Reward does not dissuade good, punish does not punish evil.

Don't listen to false words, superficial skills, adopt Chinese names and do false things.

Don't smell big talk, don't aim high; If you don't listen to yourself, your heart will not be practical.