China is an ancient civilization with a long history and a vast territory. It borders the marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean in the southeast, goes deep into the hinterland of Asia in the northwest, borders the Mongolian Plateau in the north and connects the South Asian subcontinent in the southwest. North and South straddle two warm climate zones, with diverse and complex terrain and climate conditions, and rich water conservancy, biological and mineral resources. The ancestors of the Chinese nation have worked and lived in this vast land for a long time. Due to the changes in the natural environment itself and people's continuous transformation of the surrounding nature for survival, the natural environment of China's vast land has undergone tremendous changes in the past 654.38 billion years since the Holocene. When people of all ethnic groups entered the Neolithic Age, the continuous improvement of production tools, such as the appearance and widespread use of iron, greatly improved the ability of human beings to transform nature; At the same time, various changes in the social system caused by the development of productive forces, as well as the increasing demands of human beings on nature, have had a great impact on the changes in the natural environment and social environment in China. According to the process, characteristics and internal relations of various elements of China's geographical environment in the historical period, as well as the relationship and regularity between human activities and geographical environment changes, it can be divided into three parts to briefly describe: 1. Second, the changes of territory and political areas in past dynasties; Third, the changes of social and economic environment in past dynasties.