Luwan district
Basic profile
physical geography
The development of history
Population and nationality
General situation of economy
Significant historical events
[Edit this paragraph] Basic overview
Luwan District is located in the center of Shanghai, with an area of 8.05 square kilometers, including 7.55 square kilometers of land area and 0.50 square kilometers of water area. The border reaches Yan 'an Middle Road and Jinling West Road in the north, bordering Huangpu District and Jing 'an District; East to Tibet South Road, Zhaozhou Road, Manufacturing Bureau Road, Gao Xionglu Road and Bian Jiang Road, bordering Huangpu District; West to Shaanxi South Road and Ruijin South Road, adjacent to Jing 'an District and Xuhui District; South to the center line of Huangpu River, facing Pudong New Area.
Luwan District has four streets, namely Huaihai Middle Road, Ruijin Second Road, Dapu Bridge and Wuliqiao, and 75 neighborhood committees.
Rail Transit 1 Line, North-South Elevated Road, Inner Ring Elevated Road, Dapu Road Tunnel and road network extending in all directions constitute a three-dimensional and rapid traffic network in Luwan District. With the completion of Lupu Bridge, Rail Transit Line 4 and Metro Line 8, the traffic in Luwan will be faster.
The tertiary industry in Luwan District is relatively developed. Xintiandi Leisure and Entertainment Zone, built on 200 1, integrates tradition and modernity, China and the West, commerce and culture, and becomes a landmark place leading fashion and leisure. The annual rose wedding has been recognized by the general public and achieved good market effect, which has become one of the traditional features of Shanghai Tourism Festival.
Luwan District has profound historical and cultural heritage and rich historical and cultural relics. There are more than 0/00 places of interest in the area, such as "the site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China", "New Youth Editorial Department", Zhou Mansion, former residence of Zhongshan, Taofen Memorial Hall and former residence of Guo Moruo. There are also many excellent modern protected buildings in this area.
Luwan District is one of the areas in Shanghai that can best reflect the cultural integration and exchange between the East and the West. Whether it is joffre Avenue (now Huaihai Road), which was called Champs Elysé es in 1930s, or 18 European-style excellent protected buildings scattered in the local area, and small houses shaded by green trees under blue sky and white clouds. It has attracted dozens of famous scholars, intellectuals and artists, such as Ba Jin, Mei Lanfang, Liu Yazi, Guo Moruo, Xu Guangping, Xu Zhimo, Yu Dafu, Liu Haisu and Feng Zikai, who have enjoyed a good reputation at home and abroad since modern times, to live and work here.
Huaihai Middle Road is a commercial street with profound cultural heritage and is famous for its fashion and elegance. Dapu Bridge is a new business circle which integrates commerce, catering, entertainment and health in recent years. There are not only internationally renowned high-end department stores such as Paris Spring and Isetan, but also well-known high-end fashion shops and specialty stores such as Lane Crawford and Sheng Di, as well as convenience stores, shopping centers and supermarkets close to residents, as well as entertainment, bars, cafes and western restaurants that reflect the characteristics of urban leisure consumption. As one of the four central business districts in Shanghai, dozens of Fortune 500 companies including IBM, DuPont, Bayer, Cisco, Procter & Gamble, Pfizer and McDonald's have been introduced to the east section of Huaihai Middle Road Commercial Street (the intersection of Chongqing Road and Tibet), and there are nearly 2,000 well-known enterprises at home and abroad.
There are 9 star-rated hotels in the local area, which attract Chinese and foreign guests with their perfect facilities and meticulous services. Among them, there are three five-star hotels, including New Jinjiang Hotel, Jinjiang Hotel and Garden Hotel, accounting for 22% of the total number of five-star hotels in the city.
There are hundreds of nightclubs, bowling alleys, fitness centers and exotic bars and cafes in Luwan District, attracting many domestic and foreign guests to Shanghai every day. There are hundreds of restaurants in Luwan District from Sichuan, Shanghai, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Chaozhou, Guangdong, Shanghai, Hongkong, Taiwan Province, Germany, Japan, France and Brazil.
[Edit this paragraph] Physical geography
The terrain is low in the north and high in the south, with an average elevation of 3-4 meters. The geological and climatic conditions are similar to those in urban areas, but the distribution of geological structures is different. The engineering geological conditions of the blocks east of Jumen Road and west of Fuxing Park are the best.
Huangpu River
Huangpu River is a tributary of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the longest and widest main river in Shanghai today, and is called "Shanghai Mother River". Originated in Longwangshan Nature Reserve in Anji, Zhejiang Province, the main stream originated in Dianshan Lake (1 14 km), connected to Taihu Lake in the southwest and flowed into the Yangtze River in the northeast, with a total length of 320 km. The upstream tributaries meet in Songjiang, hereinafter referred to as Huangpu River, which flows from west to east through Fengxian and Minhang District, turns due north near Zhagang and flows into the central city in Longhua.
Huangpu River, formerly known as Dongjiang River, turns south near Mishidu in Songjiang District and flows into the waters south of jinshanwei. It was called the Great Huangpu in the Song Dynasty, and continued to flow eastward to the Zhakou in Minhang District. Now it enters the sea near Xinchang in Nanhui District. After the Yuan Dynasty, it turned northeast at Zhagang and entered the sea at Nancuopukou, east of Gaoqiao Bridge in Pudong New Area. According to the Evolution Geography of Shanghai (Zhu Peng), the formation of Huangpu River is mainly due to the fact that Dongjiang blocked the old seaway in Liulipu, and when the Hanhaitang weir was built, it also blocked the only remaining seaway, Zhang Jingtang, forcing Dianshan Lake and Sancha Water to flow eastward. Dongjiang Shui Yuan passes through the county to Ganpu without going through Liulipu and Xiaoguanpu. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the seawall was built to create a dish-shaped basin, which made the water from Dongjiang and western Zhejiang flow northward, and then flowed into Songjiang (Wusong River, now Suzhou River) from Xue Dian Lake through Zhaotun and Daying. In the Southern Song Dynasty, after Songjiang was silted up, the water flowing eastward gradually formed the Huangpu River system. In the meantime, the important water conservancy measure was that during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Governor Xia Yuanji and Lu Huiren Ye Zongxing dug Fanjiabang to lead the water from Huangpu to the sea. Today, Zhagang and Zoujiazui waters in Minhang District are called "the first bend of Pujiang".
[Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution
The place name of "Luwan" was named after "Lujiawan": in the old days, Zhaojiabang flowed from west to east, and there was a Luo family living on the bank of the bend, so it was named "Luojiawan" (Yoruban Road, Xie Xu Lu Road, Taikang Road and Jianguo Middle Road), and later called "Lujiawan". 1945 was named after the domestic place name "Lujiawan". 1950 was renamed as "Luwan District".
[Edit this paragraph] Population and nationality
1.At the end of 2000, Luwan District had a permanent population of 337,000, a registered population of 356,000 and a foreign population of 33,000. The birth rate of registered population is 3.9‰, the death rate is 8.6‰, the natural population growth rate is -4.7‰, and the total fertility rate of women is 0.78. There are128,000 households with an average population of 2.8. The population density is 44,000 people per square kilometer.
2.0-/kloc-39,000 children aged 0/4, 65,000 elderly people aged over 65, the old-age coefficient 18.4%, and the proportion of elderly people aged over 80 to the elderly population aged over 65 19.3%. The labor force population is 200,000, accounting for 56%, and the median age of the whole region is 44 years old.
3. In 2000, the average life expectancy in Luwan District was 79.3 years, including 76.8 years for males and 8 1.8 years for females. The maternal mortality rate is 0, the infant mortality rate is 4. 1.2 ‰, and the birth defect rate is 4.85‰.
[Edit this paragraph] Economic overview
As the central city of Shanghai, its superior location and commercial resources have attracted a large number of enterprises to settle in. By the end of 2004, more than 65,438+0,000 internationally renowned multinational companies have gathered, including more than 80 regional headquarters or offices of Fortune 500 companies and 65,438+0 regional headquarters of multinational companies recognized by this Municipality, which is one of the business gathering centers in Shanghai. A "Xintiandi" leisure and entertainment area has been built, which combines tradition and modernity, China and the West, commerce and culture, and has become a landmark place to lead fashion.
The regional economy has maintained a sustained, healthy and rapid growth trend. In 2004, the added value of the whole region reached 5.402 billion yuan, up 65.438+08.2% year-on-year; The local fiscal revenue was 2.42 billion yuan, up 30% year-on-year, of which the local tax and foreign-related tax contributed by modern service industry exceeded 654.38+0 billion yuan, reaching 654.38+0.7 billion yuan and 654.38+0.97 billion yuan respectively.
The accelerated development of modern service industry has become the main driving force of regional economic development. Completed an added value of 2.966 billion yuan, accounting for 54.9% of the region's added value, up 32.3% year-on-year; Among them, the professional service industry has grown rapidly. Among the local taxes contributed by modern service industries, professional service industries accounted for 52.6%, up 5 1.4% year-on-year. Creative industries have a good momentum of development. A "Shanghai Fashion Creation Center" integrating design, exhibition, brand promotion, information exchange, education and training has been built. More than 30 enterprises have signed contracts to settle in, mostly design, advertising, consulting companies and film studios in Hong Kong, Europe, America and Japan, which has become a highlight of the modern service industry in this region. The agglomeration effect of "advertising bay" is gradually emerging. In 2004, 42 advertising enterprises were newly established, and at present, there are more than 65,438+050 advertising media enterprises registered in this field.
The famous Huaihai Middle Road Commercial Street is a collection of famous brand products, first-class facilities and classic fashion. Since the 1990s, Luwan District has paid equal attention to the development of form and function, and comprehensively designed and transformed Huaihai Zhonglu Commercial Street from the aspects of commercial layout, architectural style, street view green space, traffic organization and business intelligence. Up to now, all kinds of commercial buildings stand in the middle, specialty stores and specialty stores stand in rows, and well-known enterprises at home and abroad have settled in one after another, forming a large-scale commercial development pattern in which commercial functions in the east complement service-oriented businesses, and boutique businesses and leisure tourism in the west prosper together. In recent years, Huaihai Zhonglu Commercial Street has introduced a number of well-known brands through morphological transformation, functional development and structural adjustment, and the proportion of international brands has increased from 46.5% in 2002 to 63.8% in 2004. The windows are bright and clean, and the interior light is transparent. The overhead line in the west section is buried underground, and the lighting landscape reconstruction project is implemented, which integrates the lighting landscape in the east and west sections of Huaihai Middle Road and becomes a good place for people to enjoy the night view of the city.
[Edit this paragraph] Major historical events
The provisional government of the Republic of Korea was established
During the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula, the provisional government of the Republic of Korea was established in Shanghai on April 19 19. This192665438+moved to No.4 Puqingli, Madang Road (now Madang Road) in February. Organize anti-Japanese armed struggle and independence movement. 1April, 932, organized the explosion in Hongkou Park that shocked both at home and abroad. In May of the same year, he left Shanghai.
New Youth was first published.
The first issue of youth magazine
19 15 September15, Youth magazine edited by Chen Duxiu was founded in Shanghai. From September 19 16, it was renamed New Youth.
After the failure of the "Second Revolution", the change of the political situation in China greatly stimulated Chen Duxiu. He thinks that it is meaningless to carry out political revolution in China, but to "save China and establish a republic, we must first carry out ideological revolution". After hard work, Shanghai Qunyi Bookstore agreed to publish Youth magazine edited by Chen.
Chen Duxiu's publication Tell Youth is a programmatic article of this magazine. The article points out that "human rights theory", "biological evolution theory" and "socialism" are the characteristics of modern civilization, and the key to realizing social reform lies in the consciousness and concept renewal of the new generation of young people. He encouraged young people to advocate freedom, progress and science, to have a world vision and to be pragmatic and enterprising. He summed up the reasons for the prosperity of modern Europe and thought that human rights and science were two wheels to promote social and historical progress. So as to hold high the two banners of science and democracy in China first. The publication of "New Youth" is a symbol of the rise of the New Culture Movement, and the article "Tell Youth" has become a manifesto of the New Culture Movement.
China was founded.
The meeting place in the Communist Party of China (CPC).
192 1 at 8: 00 pm on July 23rd, the first meeting of the first national congress of China was held at the home of Li Shucheng, the brother of Li in French Concession Road (now No.76 Xingye Road). 65,438+02 people including Dong, Chen Tanqiu, He Shuheng, Wang Enpei, Li, Li Da, Zhang, Chen Gongbo and Zhou Fohai attended the meeting, representing more than 50 party member in China. Comintern representatives Marin and nikolov also attended the meeting. At the meeting, Marin made a report first. He talked about the mission of the Third International and the task of the China Party, and suggested that the China Party pay special attention to the work of workers. Then he drew up the agenda of the meeting, mainly to formulate the party's program and practical work plan, and to elect the party's leading bodies.
China * * * "a "representative.
From July 27th to 29th, we held three consecutive meetings to discuss the Party's program. On July 30th, because the meeting was discovered by the enemy, the delegates discussed it overnight and decided to change the meeting place. As it happens, Li Da's wife is from Jiaxing, Zhejiang, so she decided to go to Nanhu, Jiaxing, which is very close to Shanghai, for a meeting the next day.
On July 3 1 day, delegates held the last meeting of "One University" on a cruise ship in Nanhu. The meeting adopted the party program (a total of 15). Article 1 of the Party Program clearly stipulates: "Our Party is named China * * *". Article 2 The Party's program includes overthrowing the bourgeois regime, eliminating the capitalist private ownership of the means of production, recognizing the dictatorship of the proletariat and realizing communism. The congress determined that the party's organizational principle is democratic centralism; The nature of the Party is the vanguard of the working class. The congress also determined that the party's work center is to carry out the workers' movement.
The Congress elected the Central Committee as the leading body of the whole Party. Chen Duxiu is the secretary of C.O., Zhang is the organization minister, and Li Da is the propaganda minister.
The first National Congress of the Party officially announced the birth of the great China. Since then, a brand-new and unified proletarian party armed with Marxism–Leninism has appeared in China, bringing hope and light to the suffering people of China. The establishment of China was an epoch-making event, which had a decisive influence on the historical process of China.
Now, people regard "July 1st" as the party's birthday. This is because China was in a state of white terror in the early days of its establishment, and its organizational procedures were relatively simple, leaving few written records, which made it difficult to determine the party's birthday later. 194 1, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the founding of the party, is the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. At that time, there was aggression by the Japanese invaders outside and blockade by reactionaries inside, so it was impossible to find out the exact date of the "First Congress". Therefore, the CPC Central Committee decided to commemorate July 1 day as the party's birthday. In recent years, according to the research of party history researchers and the records of foreign documents and the memories of the parties at that time, it is considered that July 23rd of 192 1 was the opening day of the first congress of China.