Historical subjective questions are basically based on materials, starting from a certain angle and then asking questions from different angles. The setting of the topic spans a large span, sometimes it is an investigation of the ancient dynasties in China, sometimes it is an investigation of the modern history of China or the world, and sometimes it is a comprehensive investigation of the same historical knowledge in each era. But no matter which part of history is tested, there are three types of questions: first, summary and analysis; Second, the evaluation category; Third, enlightenment and cognition.

No matter what kind of problem you deal with, you should first teach and familiarize students with the key to solving the problem:

Examining questions-head word (answer point)+range (material, knowledge learned)+qualifier (time and space, central content)+score (answer point).

In order to help students master the problem-solving skills more simply and effectively on the basis of accurate examination, based on the answering rules of different types of questions, I summarized the relevant answering formulas, and tried to expand students' thinking of analyzing problems and improve their answering skills through the practice and guidance of related types of questions.

I. Generalization and analysis

(1) Formula of "Summarize categories according to materials": Summarize the meaning of a paragraph (focusing on the beginning or end of the paragraph) or sentence according to the score and the number of materials.

In the 1950s, in the capitalist world, the proportion of the United States in industrial production, export trade and gold foreign exchange reserves decreased significantly, while the proportion of six western European countries (France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) increased significantly. After the mid-1950s, Adenauer said, "If Europeans don't want to go downhill in a fundamentally changed world ... the EU is definitely a top priority. Without political agreement, the people of all European countries will become vassals of the superpowers ... "(1955 Six western European countries held a meeting and decided to establish a common market and gradually coordinate social policies ...1966 In July, the six countries formally established the European Community. )

(1) According to the first document, this paper summarizes and analyzes the reasons why the six western European countries are moving towards the alliance. (6 points)

Analysis: ① Score: 6 points; Answer: 3, 4, 6.

② Material: A paragraph of inductive sentence meaning (3 sentences)

(3) Reference answer: the economic strength of the six western European countries has increased, and their economic dependence on the United States has weakened; (2 points) get rid of the political vassal status of the superpower through alliance; (2) Establish a unified market, promote economic development through joint efforts, and gradually coordinate social policies. (2 points) (Other statements are well-founded, and points can be added as appropriate)

(B) the "cause class" formula: from the political, economic, ideological and cultural aspects of analysis (Reminder: the specific analysis is based on the stem and the text)

Example: The stipulation and interpretation of creditor's rights in Material 2 is an important content of Roman law. It has formulated provisions applicable to the settlement of various debt disputes, especially clearly stipulating various forms of contracts and the rights and obligations of both parties to the contracts.

(2) Briefly explain the reason why "the regulation and interpretation of creditor's rights is an important content of Roman law". (4 points)

Analysis: Return to the text-compulsory 1 The relevant content of Unit 6, Lesson 2, is only economic and political.

Reference answer: ① Economic aspect: Rome's commodity economy has developed rapidly and its economic problems are complex and diverse; (2 points) ② Political aspect: With the expansion and expansion of the territory, the contradiction between Roman citizens and non-citizens has increased, and property disputes have increased. (2 points) (Other statements are well-founded, and points can be added as appropriate)

Reminder: "background class" formula: reason+purpose+condition. ※

(3) the formula of "influence category": nature (essence or state), positive (internal and external) and negative (deficiency or limitation)

Example: The stipulation and interpretation of creditor's rights in Material 2 is an important content of Roman law. It has formulated provisions applicable to the settlement of various debt disputes, especially clearly stipulating various forms of contracts and the rights and obligations of both parties to the contracts.

Material 3: "In Rome, the development of private ownership and private law has not caused further consequences in industry and trade, because their modes of production have not changed." However, when the capitalist economy gradually developed within the feudal society, "the detailed Roman law was immediately restored and regained its prestige." ..... Even in Britain, we have to refer to the principles of Roman law for the further development of private law (especially the part about movable property).

(3) According to the materials II and III and the knowledge learned, briefly analyze the historical role and influence of Roman law (4 points).

Analysis: regression text, single analysis (positive aspects)

Reference answer: ① Status: Roman law is the first relatively complete code in European history.

② Internal positive influence: Roman law protects private property, which is conducive to alleviating social contradictions, stabilizing social order and stabilizing imperial rule.

③ External positive influence: It had a far-reaching influence on the legislation and judicature of modern European and American countries. (1) The influence of Roman law also involves Asia. 19 At the end of the 20th century, Japan, China and the Republic of China were all influenced by Roman law. (1) The legal concept of equality and justice for all citizens contained in Roman law has eternal value beyond time, region and nation. (1 minute) (other expressions are reasonable, and scores can be given as appropriate)

(4) the formula of "comparison": compare the similarities and differences of historical events, historical phenomena and historical figures.

1. Comparison: background, purpose, way, result and influence.

2. difference: lock one side and think backwards.

3. Thinking of answering questions: ① It is more necessary to have a clear purpose. The comparison of historical events is by no means a random comparison for the sake of comparison, but has a certain purpose. By comparing similarities and differences, we can clarify a certain problem or viewpoint or reveal a certain historical development law. ② Comparison requires seeking common ground while reserving differences. Difference is absolute, sameness is relative, absolute sameness does not exist, sameness is only said in a sense. Therefore, to seek common ground while reserving differences in comparison means to relax the requirements and conditions of comparison appropriately. ③ Comparison needs to be hierarchical. First of all, we should comprehensively recall the contents that need to be compared and look for similarities and differences from the basic contents. Secondly, after comparing the basic contents, we should leap to a higher level and find more fundamental similarities or differences (find the root cause, grasp the essence and see the trend). 4 specific answer requirements. A. choose the comparison point in the final answer B. make the comparison point clear first, and then make a brief statement.