Heiweipai

Liu Yuxi's feelings originated from the two prominent prime ministers' families, Wang and Xie, where Gu Xiang once lived: First, Wang Dao helped establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty with a history of 100 years; The other was Xie An, who commanded the Battle of Surabaya, defeated his father's million-strong army with less. As a generation of celebrities, Wang and Xie are enough to be remembered by future generations. What is even more surprising is that Wang and Xie are talented people, and the Gu Xiang where they live has the elegant demeanor of "Wang Shu and Xie Shi". Wang Xizhi and two other great calligraphers, Wang Xianzhi and Wang Xizhi, reached the pinnacle of their calligraphy achievements. Xiang Yi is famous in ancient and modern times, not only because Wang Dao and Xie An lived here, but also because Wang Xizhi, the sage of books, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao, the originator of landscape poetry, lived here for 300 years, and a number of people appeared who had a far-reaching influence on the history of the Jin Dynasty. People of the two families participated in important political events in the past dynasties, which had a considerable impact on history.

Starting from the bustling Confucius Temple, crossing the Wende Bridge on the Qinhuai River, leaving the charming Xiangmei Building and walking to the southwest for dozens of meters, you can see the inscription and poem tablet of Wuyi Lane. The alley is narrow, paved with blue bricks, and low houses with antique architectural style on both sides. Everything seems ordinary, so ordinary that many people who don't know think it's just a typical alley in the south of the Yangtze River. A quiet and nostalgic alley.

However, it is not ordinary, because it is not another alley, it is Wuyi Lane.

We push history back to 1700, back to the Three Kingdoms Dongwu era. At that time, Nanjing was also called Jianye. If Gou Jian, the King of Yue, built Yuecheng for the beginning of Nanjing, then Jianye at that time was only 800 years old. At that time, Jianye was not as big as Nanjing today, and the capital of Wu Dong was in Jilong Mountain and Zhoushan. At that time, the rulers of Sun Shi Dynasty lived in the legendary Taiji Hall. At that time, the Qinhuai River was much wider than today, with blue waves and sparkling. At that time, people did not know what role their capital would play in history in the future. The gold powder of the Six Dynasties and the bright color of Qinhuai will not appear in people's sight for hundreds or even thousands of years. At that time, the legendary Confucius Temple and the Ming City Wall were just flat land. However, if we can go back to that era, we will see teams of soldiers dressed in black living, practicing and laughing in this alley by the Qinhuai River. This is the location of the May 1st Battalion of Wu Dong Guards. Naturally, people call this alley Wuyi Lane. Later, some people said that the word "men in black" actually came from children's love of wearing men in black in Xie Wang, so I think that although it is romantic, it is not as profound and meaningful as this armor of Wu Dong.

Walking in Wuyi Lane, the buildings on both sides are painted with white walls. Antique tile roofs and cornices are quite antique. These houses were newly built by the Qinhuai District Government not long ago according to the style of ancient buildings, which complement the Ming and Qing buildings in Qinhuai District. As soon as I turned into the corner, the four golden characters of "Wang Ju" stood out on the snow-white wall, and then a mansion with a big plaque of "Wang Ju" was undoubtedly the legendary Wang Xietang mansion. Therefore, people can't help but think of the sentence "Lao Wang Xie Yan".

Undoubtedly, every brick and stone in Wuyi Lane is closely related to the history of Wang Dao and Xie 'an. There is no doubt that the history of Wang Dao and Xie 'an is closely related to the whole history of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and even the whole cultural history of China.

It turns out that several powerful people once lived in this alley.

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First, Wang Dao, an important minister in the process of establishing the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At first, it was Sima Andong, the king of Jinshi in Si Marui. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the rebellion of the Eight Kings broke out and the rule of the Western Jin Dynasty once collapsed. Wang Dao assessed the situation and thought that there was chaos in the world, and only Si Marui could revitalize Jinshi. I am committed to promoting and planning it. It was he who persuaded Si Marui to move the capital to Jiankang (now Dongwu Jianye in Nanjing), which laid the foundation for the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was he who, relying on the strength of the northern gentry and uniting with the gentry in the south of the Yangtze River, helped Si Marui establish the Eastern Jin regime. He served as the assistant to the emperors of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Cheng, and maintained the stability of the Eastern Jin Dynasty with the policy of "keeping the town safe". Wang Daogong, as the founding father of Jinshi Zhongxing, was unparalleled and had unlimited scenery for a while. It is said that Si Marui had to pull Wang Dao to the side to accept the congratulations of officials that day. There is a folk saying that "the king and the horse are under the sky", which shows its power.

The founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, whose residence is in Wuyi Lane.

Secondly, Xie An, a legendary figure in the history of China. He lived in seclusion in Dongshan, using Zhuge metaphor, and did not take office as prime minister until he was in his forties, thus creating the idiom "make a comeback" in our vocabulary. At the beginning of his tenure, he successfully prevented Huan Wen from usurping the throne. In the eighth year of Taiyuan, he even commanded a miraculous battle in the history of China: the Battle of Feishui. Defeated the army of 6.5438+0.00 million built by the former dynasty with 80,000 elite soldiers, which laid a stable situation in the Southern Dynasty for 300 years. Xie An is free and romantic in this battle that is considered to change the history of China. According to the biography of Xie An in the Book of Jin, he was playing chess with someone when the good news of the Battle of Feishui came. After reading the art of war, there is no expression. Keep moving. Others couldn't help asking him, but he simply said, "The younger generation is a thief." It's so calm.

The man who saved the Eastern Jin Dynasty from destruction, his mansion is also in Wuyi Lane.

Wuyi Lane attracted the attention of history for the first time.

It is conceivable that Wuyi Lane, as the residence of the minister in power at that time and the gathering place of noble literati, is a lively and prosperous scene! A noble family, a BMW. Draw eaves like clouds during the day and snuff like rain at night. More importantly, it is not only the courtyard of the noble family, but also an indispensable landscape in the cultural history of China. Today, when we look back, we will all marvel at the literary romance of the children of two ethnic groups in Xie Wang at that time. In our memory, I am afraid that no two families can emerge so many people who occupy such an important position in cultural history; I'm afraid there is no place like Wuyi Lane where so many historical pens have been concentrated in a short time. People often say that romantic life is eternal, and Tang poetry comes first in the late Wei, Jin and late Tang dynasties. Even if you only look at Wuyi Lane in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it is already full of stars. Xie An, the commander of the Battle of Feishui just mentioned, is famous for his romantic youth. History shows that he likes to recite scriptures for Charlotte scholars. Because of rhinitis, his voice is thick and muddy, which has become a fashion, leading people to learn by holding their noses. He is quiet and has the demeanor of a Confucian general. In addition to the story of his comeback, he also owes idioms published in the Battle of Feishui, such as stopping whipping and trembling.

Xie Daowen, daughter of Anxi General Xie Yi, is a famous talented woman. Snow was once described as "not catkin because of the wind", which is a famous sentence. Later, she married Wang Ningzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi. Wang Xizhi was dissatisfied with his mediocrity and sighed: "I didn't know there was such a Wang Lang in the world." It became the idiom "Wang Lang".

Xie Lingyun, the grandson of Xie An, is a poet with an important position in the history of China literature and the founder of the school of landscape poetry. His poem is called "Lotus Out of Water". The famous saying "Spring grass grows in the pond, and a dark willow blooms in another village" has been circulated for thousands of years, and I don't know how many literati have been dumped.

Xie Huilian, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, is the younger brother of Xie Lingyun. It was quite a literary name at that time.

Xie Tiao, also known as Xiao Xie, was a poet in the Southern Dynasties, and Gao Zu was Xie An's brother. The developers of landscape poems are extremely negative in the name of poems. It is said that Liang Wudi ZSZSZSZ once said, "If you don't read Xie Tiao's poems for three days, you will have bad breath." Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, spoke highly of him. He was mentioned many times in his poems and praised him. Later generations even had the saying that Li Bai "bowed his head and thanked Xuancheng all his life". Xie Huilian and Xie Lingyun are also called "three thanks".

As for the royal family, the book sage Wang Xizhi is famous all over the world. He is the son of Wang Dao's younger brother. Preface to Lanting Collection has always been regarded as "the best running script in the world".

Wang Xianzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi, is also a famous calligrapher. It is called "Little Saint". Together with his father, they are first-class figures in the history of calligraphy.

Wang's novels are not anonymous people, and there are various stories that have been passed down to this day.

In addition, the famous poets in Jiankang at that time included Yan Yannian, Shen Yue and Bao Zhao, Prince Xiao Tong who compiled Selected Works of Zhaoming, Liu Xie who wrote Wen Xin Diao Long, and Zhong Rong, the author of Shi Pin. Zhang Monk Friends, the protagonist of the idiom "Make the finishing point". If we expand the scope, we can cite mathematician Zu Chongzhi, astronomer Yu, chemist Ge Hong, medical scientist Tao Jinghong, philosopher, Fan Zhen who wrote the theory of immortal extinction, monks and so on. These people are in Jiankang, and they are more or less related to this high-end residential area of Wuyi Lane.

This is a great era. As Yu said, almost all these people are masters in their respective fields. In Time, Wuyi Lane witnessed all this with her own eyes. This is the luck of Wuyi Lane. Its name has been written into history together with the history of a large number of geniuses, and it can never be erased.

Today, the rebuilt Wangxie Valley House is divided into Lailou, Tanglou and Loulou. Lai Yan is taken from the story of Xie An's correspondence with Yan. Listening to the piano hall is the place where Xie Zhai listened to Xie An play the piano when Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty. "Jian Jin" clearly means "taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall". The big characters on the plaque are written in official script, which is a great legacy of Wei and Jin Dynasties. There is a sculpture exhibition in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a living room in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a mural of the battle of Feishui, a picture of seven sages of bamboo forest, a copy of Gu Kaizhi's work "Ode to Luoshen" and a meandering canal imitating Lanting. You can also see the style of Wei and Jin characters again. Upstairs is the Qinhuai history showroom.

Out of Wang Xie's old house, I still returned to the bluestone path in Wuyi Lane. Small blue bricks and tiles on both sides, hanging cloisters, and orderly building ups and downs should be very beautiful and spectacular. But it still makes people feel a little uncomfortable, too new, but I hope it has some vicissitudes. Somehow, Liu Yuxi's sentences always seem to linger in his mind.

The gold dust and romance of the Six Dynasties painted the Qinhuai River and Wuyi Lane with the most beautiful colors. However, with the collapse of an era, the myth of Wuyi Lane and even the myth of Jinling, the imperial capital of the Six Dynasties, flourished and declined.

In 58 1 year, the sui dynasty destroyed Chen and unified the whole country. On the day when Jinling City was broken, the Palace Que of the Six Dynasties was burned. The fire lasted for several days. In order to prevent Jinling from becoming independent, Jinling was reduced to the status of a general county. At this time, the Wangs have long been ruined, and the Qinhuai River, which seems radiant, has lost its former style. The Sui Dynasty was very short and was soon destroyed by the Tang Dynasty. After years of wars and wars, the historical sites and prosperous past of the Six Dynasties were destroyed and replaced by ruins and rubble. The rich flowers in Wuyi Lane have disappeared for a long time. There are weeds everywhere, scorched earth and crows faintly. Only Huai water is still there, but it is desolate.

Wuyi Lane seems to be disappearing from people's memory. Perhaps many years later, only in the poems of former people, only in the parallel prose of the Six Dynasties, can we find a few more words about it. Imagine its fantastic prosperity and let out a Babylonian sigh.

But in this ruin, someone came.

Besides, it's not just ordinary people

Li Bai, Cui Hao, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu, Li Shangyin, Wei Zhuang. Some of the greatest poets in the Tang Dynasty have been to Jinling.

After the Southern Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, people kept coming.

Wang Anshi, Zhou Bangyan, Zhu Dunru, Sadulla and so on. Several of the most famous poets in Song and Yuan Dynasties have been to Jinling.

They all came to reminisce about the past

Suddenly, nostalgia for Jinling's past is not just a simple poetic theme. Suddenly, it has become a special theme of China culture, a unique and spectacular system. This is absolutely unique in the history of literature. Suddenly, a spectacle appeared in China culture.

Li Bai came to Jinling. He boarded the Phoenix Terrace and looked at Egret Island. Then he said, "The path of the Wu Palace is crooked, and the golden clothes are old and dusty." (Climbing the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing)