Huang taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi, the second emperor among the twelve emperors in the Qing Dynasty, was the founder of the Qing Dynasty. Huang taiji is a very remarkable figure, and his historical contribution to the Qing Dynasty is unmatched by any Qing emperor. However, when people talk about the Qing Dynasty, they first think of Kangxi and Qianlong, and occasionally think of the old Khan and Yongzheng, but few people think of Huang Taiji. His great historical contribution to the Qing Dynasty and even the Chinese nation has been ignored or forgotten. The Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty ruled Shenyang for nineteen years, of which the grandparents and grandchildren of Nurhachi and Shunzhi accounted for two years, while Huang Taiji ruled for seventeen years. Huang taiji's seventeen years were the seventeen years in which the post-Jin regime got rid of the predicament and developed rapidly, the seventeen years in which the Qing Dynasty really laid the foundation, and the most brilliant seventeen years in his life. It was in these seventeen years that Huang Taiji changed Daikin to Qing Dynasty and became emperor. Strictly speaking, he was the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. It was during these seventeen years that Huang Taiji set up three hospitals and eight yamen (six departments and two hospitals: officials, households, courts, soldiers, criminals, workers, duchayuan and Li) and other government agencies, and formulated almost all the laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty, such as the official clothes and etiquette titles of kings, Baylor and ministers, and even stipulated the number of horses tied in front of ministers. These institutions and systems were used by the Qing Dynasty. It was in these seventeen years that Huang Taiji developed a post-Jin regime full of crisis and turmoil into a powerful Qing empire. He pacified Korea, conquered Mongolia, unified Northeast China, and made five large-scale recruitment examinations, pushing the influence of the Qing Dynasty to the hinterland of the Central Plains. Even Tibet, thousands of miles away, abandoned Ming and went to Shenyang to worship. Under the rule of Huang taiji, Mongolia was formally incorporated into the territory of the Chinese nation. If Li Yuan and Li Shimin were the founders of the Tang Dynasty, then Nurhachi and his sons and nephews were the founders of the Jurchen regime. Of course, we can't compare Nurhachi to Tang Gaozu, but we can compare Huang Taiji to Li Shimin. Nurhachi is a well-deserved hero in unifying Jurchen, establishing Daikin, marching into Shenyang, Liaoning, and expanding territory, but in the words of * * * *, he is a generation of arrogant people who only know how to shoot big sculptures with bows. Huang taiji not only pays attention to martial arts, but also pays more attention to Wen zhi. He is outstanding in martial arts, and sandwiches are more successful. Throughout his life, Huang taiji's strategy of governing the country can be summarized in eight words: remnant Ming, alliance with Mongolia, excellent Han and easy customs. Under the eight-character strategy, he painted an amazing historical picture. 1. At the beginning of his succession, an outstanding politician changed Nurhachi's cruel suppression of the Han people into a strategy of appeasement, supplemented by the strategy of separating the Manchu people, releasing slaves for the people, and compiling ethnic groups for the people, which accelerated the process of feudalism and changed the slave production relations into feudal production relations, greatly alleviating ethnic contradictions and class contradictions, and quickly freed the state of Dajin from the predicament of being besieged on all sides. He attached great importance to the rule of culture, especially to Confucianism. He improved the Jurchen script, translated a large number of Chinese classics, and ordered Jurchen children to learn besides riding and shooting. He also practices and studies Chinese books every day. During the seventeen years of his rule, he held four imperial examinations, and all the scholars in Liaodong were absorbed into the Jurchen regime by him. With his outstanding military talent, he set up six departments and etiquette with the concept of loyalty to the monarch. He successfully solved the situation that the Three Bayles sat on the same shoulder with the right of Khan, and realized the sole sovereignty of the South until he was acclaimed as the emperor by his ministers. He changed from a great Khan in a serfdom country to a feudal centralized emperor who conquered from the emperor with rites and music, thus avoiding the possible national division caused by the death of Nurhachi. He was diligent, almost hands-on, and went to the front line of Jinzhou in a serious condition, regardless of his personal safety. He has a strong sense of hardship, always remembering that women really win more with less, resolutely fighting the extravagance of the Eight Banners, and even fighting Daishan and Daishan's son. He set an example, bravely blamed himself in front of ministers, and repeatedly encouraged them to speak out directly. His integrity, no command, is precisely because he has the first example, he criticized the nobility, can be justified, and most of those responsible are convinced. Facing the encirclement and suppression from three sides in Ming Dynasty, an outstanding strategist took North Korea as a breakthrough at the beginning of his succession, thus relieving his worries. Then, he joined forces with various Mongolian ministries and defeated Li Dan Khan, a descendant of Genghis Khan who once dominated the grassland, forcing him to flee far away and finally died in Qinghai. He went out to make a detour around Mongolia and made a long-distance attack. He rushed out of the Great Wall in Qian 'an, Hebei Province, where the defense was weak in the Ming Dynasty, and went straight to the capital. With the help of Chongzhen, Yuan Chonghuan, the Ming general who wounded Nurhachi, was removed. During his lifetime, he invaded the Central Plains on a large scale five times, each of which dealt a heavy blow to the Ming Dynasty, and the big tree of the Ming Dynasty was knocked down by him. He captured Zhang Chun, Hong Chengchou and Zu Dashou. Alive, almost all the famous Ming Dynasty players were defeated by him. On the basis of Nurhachi, he established the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Eight Banners of Han Dynasty, and established a military organization in the Qing Dynasty, which was established in the period of Chongde and followed by later generations. He pays attention to military discipline, and every time he is ordered to go out, he will make repeated demands. All lawbreakers have to pay a heavy price, and he pays more attention to this policy. With a broad mind that no emperor in history could have, he conquered Hong Chengchou. He waited for Zu Dashou for ten years and finally conquered Zu Dashou, laying the foundation for the Qing Dynasty in Wu Sangui. Wang Mingde, the prisoner, and Zhang Chun, the army supervisor, have been carefully cultivated by him for many years. If God leaves Huang Taiji a few more years, it is not Fu Lin who sits on the throne of Yanjing City, but Huang Taiji, and there will be no such phenomenon as Dourgen and Ao Bai playing politics, let alone the San Francisco rebellion in Wu Sangui, and the people in the Central Plains may suffer a lot less. Of course, as a feudal emperor, he inevitably had some shortcomings, such as playing politics, using superstitious means, fooling people, and even killing innocent people by mistake, but these shortcomings were insignificant to an important historical figure. Unfortunately, he died young and only lived to be 52 years old. In the words of Han Guan Zu Kefa and Zhang Cunren, he left with the regret of "great achievements" to look forward to unexpected things. Huang taiji's thoughts influenced the whole Qing Dynasty. Dourgen grew up under the personal training of Huang Taiji. When Nurhachi died, Dourgen was still a teenager, only fifteen years old. From then on, he followed Huang taiji, and under the influence and education of Huang taiji, he grew from an inexperienced teenager to a young politician and strategist with great fighting vision. After childbirth, he entered Yanjing, joined forces with Meng, and soon settled the Central Plains. All the strategies of governing the country during Shunzhi period are the reappearance of Huang Taiji's established policy. Now people are talking about the prosperity of Kanggan, which was also realized under the influence of his thought. Kangxi assisted sourdrang queen, a Mongolian woman who married Huang Taiji at the age of thirteen. All Zhuang Fei's thoughts on governing the country were formed under the influence of Huang Taiji. The success of Kangxi's first half life is definitely the success of Huang Taiji's thought. For a long time, people have always thought that women are really a very backward and barbaric nation, only knowing riding and shooting. In fact, this is all wet. Jurchen created a splendid northeast civilization in Heilongjiang valley as early as the Tang Dynasty. The Bohai Kingdom they established was then called Haidong Guo Sheng, with its capital in Beijing (now Ning 'an City, Heilongjiang Province). It was the second largest city in East Asia after Chang 'an at that time, and its political, economic and cultural development was almost the same as that of the Tang Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty, Nuzhen entered the Central Plains for the first time, which was their second integration into Chinese civilization. During this period, Jurchen culture reached a new height. During the period of Nurhachi and Huang Taiji, although the Jurchen script disappeared, the subjective consciousness as a culture would not disappear completely. Especially in the period of Huang Taiji, due to Huang Taiji's personal attention and the submission of a large number of Han Chinese officials, Jurchen culture quickly crossed a long historical fault and reached a higher level. Without Huang taiji, Hou Jin might have been forced to return to the mountains. Without Huang Taiji, there would be no later prosperity of Kanggan. Huang taiji is an important historical figure connecting the past with the future.