1, Xia Dynasty (about 2070 BC-65438 BC+0600 BC): It is considered as the first dynasty in the history of China. It is still in the legendary period, and the specific history is still controversial.
2. Shang dynasty (about BC 1600- BC 1046): the first dynasty with written records in China history. Shang Dynasty was a slave society, witchcraft prevailed and bronze ware production reached a high level.
3. Zhou Dynasty (65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC): divided into two stages: Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou. The Zhou Dynasty established a feudal system and implemented the rule mode of "the son of heaven ruled the world". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was divided into many small countries, which was an era of constant disputes in China's history.
4. Qin Dynasty (2265438 BC+0-206 BC): Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the first centralized unified country in the history of China. The Qin Dynasty implemented a strict legalist political system, and the deeds of building the Great Wall and unifying writing and weights and measures had a far-reaching impact.
5. Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD): The Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty founded by Liu Bang were the longest dynasties in China history. With the economic prosperity and the development of science, technology and culture in the Han Dynasty, great figures appeared, such as Zhang Qian and Sima Qian.
6. The Three Kingdoms Period (220 -280): It was a turbulent period in the history of China, which was divided into Wei, Shu and Wu. Marked by the final unification of the north by Cao Wei, it laid the foundation for the later Jin Dynasty.
7. Jin Dynasty (265 -420): Founded by Sima Yan, it was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty became the representative of the southern regime in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
8. Sui Dynasty (58 1 -6 18): Emperor Wendi of Sui unified the north and established the Sui Dynasty. It opened the second centralized feudal dynasty recorded in China history books and implemented a series of reform measures.
9. Tang Dynasty (6 18 -907): The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous feudal dynasties in the history of China, and the country was prosperous during the Zhenguan period. When the Tang Dynasty opened to the outside world, the communication with the Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road reached its peak.
10, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907 -960): It was a period of struggle between the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the history of China, during which there were frequent regime changes and social unrest.
1 1, Song Dynasty (960-1279): During the Northern Song Dynasty, it was mainly threatened by two enemy countries, Liao and Jin; During the Southern Song Dynasty, the land was divided by the Jin Dynasty. The Song Dynasty made many achievements in culture, science and technology, economy and so on, such as Jingdezhen porcelain and Liangzhu.
12, Yuan Dynasty (127 1-1368): It was founded by the descendants of Genghis Khan, a Mongolian tribe. The Yuan Dynasty carried out ethnic policies and bureaucracy, and imported bacterial carbon black into Europe, which promoted cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
13, Ming dynasty (1368-1644): Ming dynasty was the last feudal dynasty established by the native Han nationality in the history of China. In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He's voyages to the West and the Great Wall of Wan Li were repaired, and the culture and art also developed significantly.
14, Qing dynasty (1644-19 12): Qing dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in China history, which was founded by Manchu. In the early Qing Dynasty, the national strength was strong, and then there were social unrest and foreign powers' invasion.
Dynasty interpretation
A dynasty is a period in the history of China ruled by a dynasty or empire. Each dynasty has its own rulers, political system, socio-economic situation and cultural characteristics. In the history of China, the alternation of dynasties was arranged in chronological order, and the rise and fall of each dynasty had a far-reaching impact on China's politics, economy and culture. The replacement of dynasties is usually achieved through war, revolution and political change, and each new dynasty often hopes to bring social reform and progress.
Every dynasty has its own political system. The early dynasties were mostly feudal dynasties, and the rulers were called monarchs, emperors or kings. They inherited and consolidated power through heredity, qualifications or military power. In later dynasties, some special forms of government appeared, such as slavery in the Qin Dynasty and republicanism in the Republic of China.
Social and economic status is also an important symbol of dividing dynasties. There are differences in economic development level and social structure in different dynasties. Some dynasties had prosperous economy, developed commerce and trade, and active scientific and technological innovation; However, in some dynasties, economic recession and social unrest affected agricultural production. Each dynasty has its own specific agriculture, handicrafts, commerce and urban development.
Cultural characteristics are also an important part of dynasties. Each dynasty will form its own unique cultural atmosphere and artistic style. This includes literature, philosophy, historical records, religious beliefs, architectural art and so on. The cultural characteristics of different dynasties reflect the ideological trend, values and aesthetic concepts of the society at that time.