I hope it will help you: Louis Victor de Broglie (1August 89215-1March 987 19), a famous French theoretical physicist, winner of 1929 Nobel Prize in Physics, and founder of wave mechanics. De Broglie 1892 was born in the province of Lower Seine on August 5th10. He obtained a bachelor's degree in literature from Sorbonne University in Paris, a bachelor's degree in science from 19 13, and a doctor's degree from Paris University. It was first proposed in his doctoral thesis. 1929 won the nobel prize in physics. 1932 was a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Paris, and 1933 was elected as an academician of the French Academy of Sciences. 1987 died in March 19. De Broglie 1892 was born in Dieppe-sur-Seine, France, and was the second son of a noble family in France. The de Broglie family has been famous in the French army, politics and diplomacy since the17th century, and has served the French king in the battlefield and diplomacy for hundreds of years. 1740, Louis XIV made the de Broglie family a hereditary duke, and the title was inherited by the head of the family. The son of the first generation duke fought for the Austrian royal family in the Seven Years' War and won the title of prince, which was given to every member of the family. Grandfather j v a de Broglie (1821~1901) is a famous French politician and national activist. 187 1 was elected as a member of the lower house of the French national assembly. In the same year, he served as the French ambassador to the United Kingdom, and later served as the French Prime Minister and. De Broglie's eldest brother, experimental physicist Moliere, became the Duke of France and the Prince of Germany in 1960, but he lived a simple and simple life and devoted his whole life to the cause of science. Choosing Physics De Broglie's parents died young and loved reading from the beginning. He showed literary talent in middle school. /kloc-started studying history at Sorbonne University in Paris at the age of 0/8, and 19 10 got a degree in history. 19 1 1 year, he heard Morris, as the secretary of the first solvay physics seminar, talk about the discussion of light, radiation, quantum properties and other issues, which aroused great interest, especially after he read the book The Value of Science by Poincare, he turned to theoretical physics. 19 13 received the bachelor of science degree. During the First World War, I served in the military radio station on the Eiffel Tower for six years and became familiar with the knowledge about radio waves. His brother (M. de Broglie) is an experimental physicist, an expert in X-ray, and has a well-equipped private laboratory. De Broglie learned about Planck and Einstein's work in quantum from his brother, which further aroused his great interest in physics. After some ideological struggle, De Broglie finally gave up his decided plan to study French history and chose the road of physics research, hoping to get a doctorate through physics research. Research on Matter Wave During World War I, De Broglie was assigned to work in a radio station, which interrupted his theoretical physics research. 19 19, De Broglie returned to his brother's laboratory to study X-rays. Here, he not only gained a lot of knowledge about atomic structure, but also came into contact with the strange properties of X-rays, sometimes like waves and sometimes like particles. After the duality of light waves and particles was discovered, many famous physicists were puzzled. Inspired by this, young de Broglie boldly extended this duality to material objects. De Broglie and his brother had a long discussion about the nature of X-rays, and he became interested in the experimental work of his brother and his colleagues. In order to give a theoretical explanation to these phenomena, de Broglie began to study theoretical physics again in 1920, especially on quantum problems, and his research finally achieved gratifying results. From September of 1923 to September of 10, he published three short articles on matter waves in Bulletin of French Academy of Sciences: radiation-wave and quantum, optical-optical quantum, diffraction and interference, physical-quantum, aerodynamic theory and Fermat principle, and founded the theory of matter waves. This paper includes a series of important research results obtained by De Broglie in recent two years, comprehensively discusses the theory of matter wave and its application, and puts forward the theory of De Broglie wave (phase wave). This theory was later accepted by Schrodinger, which led to the establishment of wave mechanics. And expanded Einstein's thought about wave-particle duality of light. He thinks that physical particles, such as electrons, also have the frequency of the periodic process of matter, and there are also phase waves defined by phase, that is, De Broglie wave, which was later called "matter wave" by Schrodinger when he explained the physical meaning of wave function. De Broglie's new theory caused an uproar in physics. This new theory, which is put forward without experimental evidence, is hard to accept. Even De Broglie's mentor, Ron Wan Zhi, didn't believe this view at all. He just thought this paper was very talented, which led him to get a doctorate. In 1927, Davisson (C.J.Davisson, 188 1 ~ 1958) and Ge Wei (L.H. GER-MER, 1896,/kloc-). At this point, de Broglie's theory, as a successful example of bold hypothesis, has been widely appreciated, and he won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physics. After obtaining a doctorate in later research, De Broglie continued to study wave mechanics at Sorbonne University. He also published the creative research results of wave mechanics and served as a teaching task. De Broglie has always been interested in the philosophical problems of modern physics. He likes to consider theoretical physics, history of science and natural philosophy together, and has also written some related papers. After two years of teaching in the college, de Broglie was hired as a professor of theoretical physics by the newly established Henri Poincare College of Paris University in 1928, and he held this position until he retired in 1962. After 1945, he also served as a consultant to the French Atomic Energy Commission. From 1930 to 1950, De Broglie's research work is mainly about the popularization of wave mechanics, and he has made many achievements and published a lot of comments and papers. A period of time after 195 1 year, de Broglie studied the relationship between particles and waves in order to make a causal explanation of wave mechanics with the classical concept of time and space. At this time, he re-studied the guided wave theory he put forward in 1927, but he soon gave up his work in this field and returned to his previous research field, exploring the causes of microscopic phenomena and the scientific philosophy of determinism, and exploring thermodynamics and molecular biology from the perspective of wave mechanics. De Broglie's research achievements in his life are quite rich, with as many as 25 books. Because of De Broglie's outstanding contribution, he won many honors. 1929 won the Henri Poincare Medal of French Academy of Sciences and the Nobel Prize in Physics in the same year. 1932, won the Monaco Albert I Prize. 1933, de Broglie became an academician and permanent secretary of the French Academy of Sciences from 1942. June193365438+1October 12 won the first place in the French Academy. At that time, during the Second World War and the German Nazi occupation of France, many academicians were either dead or captured, and the Academy of Sciences could not reach the minimum of 20 people necessary for the election. However, because this is a special period, the Academy of Sciences accepted the election result with the unanimous vote of all 17 participating academicians. 1934 Brother Maurice, who was elected as an academician, has never represented the whole college in history. Welcome Louis as a new academician. 1942 as permanent secretary of mathematical science. 1938, the German Physical Society awarded him the highest honor-Max Planck Medal, because of his outstanding contribution to theoretical physics, he rarely traveled abroad. 1952, UNESCO awarded De Broglie the first-class Kalinga Prize in recognition of his enthusiasm for imparting scientific knowledge to people. 1953, he was elected as a member of the Royal Society of London. 1956 was awarded the gold medal by the French National Center for Scientific Research. 196 1 was awarded the grand cross of the French legion of honor. He is also an honorary doctor of six famous universities, including Warsaw University and Athens University, and an academician of Europe, America and India 18 Academy of Sciences. Simple life 1960, Louis' brother Maurice died, and Louis inherited as the seventh Duke of Broyles. Louis was never married, single and had two loyal followers. He likes to live a plain and simple life, selling the aristocratic luxury mansion and choosing to live in a small house of civilians. He lives in seclusion and never takes a vacation. He is a standard workaholic. He likes to walk or take a bus to and from work, and has never owned a private car. He is polite to people, never loses his temper, and is a noble gentleman. 1March 1987 19, De Broglie died at the age of 95. His main works are Introduction to Wave Mechanics (1929), Matter and Light: New Physics (1939), Revolution in Physics (1953), Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation and Probability Interpretation of Wave Mechanics (/kloc-0)

Hopkins (186 1 ~ 1947), British biochemist. 186 1 was born in Eastburn on June 20th, and 1947 died in Cambridge on May 6th. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he worked as a chemist in an insurance company in London, and was later invited to be the assistant of forensic doctor T. Stevenson. From 65438 to 0888, I entered the gay medical school. Work in a hospital after graduation. 1898 was hired as a professor of physiology at Cambridge University to teach chemical physiology. 19 14 was appointed as the first professor of biochemistry in the university, and the department of biochemistry was established in the university. 1900 tryptophan was isolated from S.W. Cole, which proved that it is an essential amino acid.