1991September 6, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (Baltic countries) became independent; On February 8, 65438, the leaders of the Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine signed the CIS Agreement, announcing the establishment of the CIS.
On February 25th, Gorbachev announced his resignation as president of the Soviet Union. 19911On February 26th, supreme soviet of the ussr held its last meeting, announcing that the Soviet Union ceased to exist and officially disintegrated, and the Russian Federation became the sole successor of the Soviet Union. The property, deposits, diplomatic institutions, embassies and consulates of the former Soviet Union overseas were all taken over by Russia.
The Soviet Union split into 15 countries: Lithuania, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Estonia, Tajikistan, Latvia, Armenia, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Russian Federation, Moldova and Kazakhstan.
For Russia (including other former Soviet republics except Baltic countries). The disintegration of the Soviet Union was a national disaster. Many areas have fallen into a natural economic situation.
The intensification of social differentiation has destroyed the integrity of society. The country and its structures and institutions are extremely weak. Corruption is prevalent. The loss of technology, the complication of production and the whole school of science made Russia lose the possibility of participating in international competition, and Russia was thrown into the ranks of "third world countries". The education level has been affected, and the education system and health system have been destroyed.
From July 65438 to July 1997, the family income and expenditure published by the Independent newspaper showed that nine out of ten families lived below the poverty line, and a quarter were in abject poverty. By 2008, Russian GDP barely exceeded the level of 1989.
National wealth has been plundered to some extent. The corruption of state organs in CIS countries is higher than that in Russia. Of these 1 1 countries, 6 countries have been at war. The former Soviet Union has become an unstable area and a local military conflict area.
As the most important historical event in the 20th century, the disintegration of the Soviet Union had as far-reaching an impact on the world as the October Revolution. As a result, the disintegration of the Soviet Union has aroused great concern of the international community, including western countries.
In the late 1980s, almost all western scholars and experts who studied the Soviet Union did not think that the Soviet Union would disintegrate. Western leaders and scholars, including then US President George Bush, were surprised by the disintegration of the Soviet Union overnight, and the West did not want it to disintegrate at that time.
At that time, the CIA also held several emergency meetings, and US Secretary of State Baker also led a delegation to Moscow to learn about the development of the situation on the spot. However, the people in Soviet cities such as the participating countries of the Soviet Union and the capital Moscow were unusually calm about the result that the Soviet Union ceased to exist overnight.