Mozi is the only philosopher born as a farmer in the history of China. Mozi founded Mohism, which had a great influence in the pre-Qin period and was called "a teacher" with Confucianism. He put forward the views of universal love, non-aggression, Shang Xian, Shang Tong, ambition, ghosts and gods, misfortune, immorality, sacrifice and funeral expenses. Take universal love as the core and economy and sages as the fulcrum. Mozi founded a set of scientific theories with outstanding achievements in geometry, physics and optics during the Warring States Period. At that time, a hundred schools of thought contended and were called "non-Confucian Jimo". After Mozi's death, Mohism was divided into three schools: Xiang Fu Mo, Xiang Fu Mo and Deng Ling Mo. According to the historical data of Mozi's life story, disciples collected his quotations and completed Mozi, which was handed down from generation to generation.
As a civilian, Mozi worked as a shepherd boy and studied carpentry when he was young. It is said that he is better at manufacturing guarding city equipment than public schools. He called himself "I" and was called "Buyi". As a descendant of the declining aristocrats, he naturally received the necessary cultural education. "Historical Records" records that Mozi once worked as a doctor in Song State. Mozi is a scholar with considerable cultural knowledge and close to small producers of workers and peasants. Boasting that "you have nothing, there is no difficulty in agriculture" is the hometown of scholars who sympathize with "agriculture, factories and people". Mozi is determined to go out, visit famous teachers in the world, learn the way of governing the country and restore the glory of his ancestors.
Learn from Confucianism
Mozi, wearing sandals, traveled all over the world and began to travel around the world. Mozi studied Confucius' Confucianism under the guidance of Confucian scholars, praised Yao, Shun and Dayu, and studied Confucian classics such as poems, books and the Spring and Autumn Period. However, Mozi criticized the Confucian scholars' incorrect attitudes towards emperors, ghosts and gods, fate, reburial and extravagance, and thought that what Confucianism said was all flashy nonsense. "So I went back to Zhou Daoism and became." From Mozi's criticism of Confucianism, we can see that there seems to be no difference between the two on the issue of love. Moreover, the terms or concepts used by Mozi to construct the universal love system are basically commonly used words in Confucianism, such as filial piety, kindness, benevolence and righteousness. This shows that Mozi basically recognizes and agrees with Confucian values, but only constructs his own theoretical system with different interpretations in specific directions.
Create Mohism
Mozi finally gave up Confucianism, set up a new theory, gathered around to give lectures, and attacked the tyranny of Confucianism and vassal States with fierce words. A large number of craftsmen and lower-level literati began to follow Mozi, gradually forming their own mohists and becoming the main opposition of Confucianism. Mohism is a school that advocates benevolent governance. Before the rise of the Legalist school representing the interests of the new landlord class, Mohism was the most anti-Confucian school in the pre-Qin period and was listed as a "prominent school". At that time, a hundred schools of thought contended and were called "non-Confucian Jimo".
accept apprentice
Mozi's life activities are mainly in two aspects: one is to recruit talents and scholars and actively publicize his own theories; Second, spare no effort to oppose the war of annexation. In order to publicize his ideas, Mozi accepted his disciples widely, with hundreds of cronies in general, forming a huge mohists.
travel around the world
Mozi was a doctor in Song State when he was in Song Zhaogong. But later, the status declined, close to the workers. Mozi traveled widely, from Qi in the east to Zheng and Wei in the north. He planned to go to Yue, but he didn't make it. Mozi once stopped Luyang from attacking Zheng and persuaded Luban to stop Chu from attacking Song. Mozi visited Chu many times and presented books to King Hui of Chu. Chu Huiwang intended to seal Mozi as a publishing house, but Mozi finally did not accept it. Later, he refused the fief given to him by the king of Chu and left Chu. The King of Yue asked Mozi to be an official and gave him five hundred miles of land. Mozi took "listen to my advice and act according to my principles" as a condition for going to Viagra Rooster Carnival, regardless of fiefs and titles, in order to realize his political ambitions and ideas, which was rejected by the King of Yue. Mozi came to Qi in his later years, trying to dissuade Xiangziniu from attacking Lu, but without success.
Ten propositions
In 200 AD, Mo Zhai put forward ten propositions of Mohism, namely, fraternity, mutual non-aggression, Shang Xian, Shang Tong, respecting heaven, worrying about ghosts, being unhappy, saving money and burying people. He believes that the most suitable scheme should be selected from ten propositions according to the different situations of different countries. If there is "national chaos", choose "Shang Xian" and "Shang Tong"; When the country is poor and weak, choose "saving money" and "saving for burial"; Wait a minute.
Mohist group
Mohism is a well-organized and disciplined group. It wears short clothes and sandals, participates in labor, and is noble in suffering. If anyone violates these principles, he will be removed from his post or executed. The supreme leader of Mohism is called "Juzi", and all members of Mohism are called "Mohism", which has been passed down from generation to generation. All Mohists obey the giant's command and must follow the giant's guidance, even "go through fire and water, come to a bad end."
The first moment was Mozi, and the later moments were Meng Sheng, Tian Xiangzi and Fu. Mozi's law is carried out in an instant. Mozi's "moment" belly lives in the state of Qin. His son killed someone and should be put to death according to law. But King Hui of Qin thought that he was old and had only one son, so he ordered not to kill him. However, Mohist law stipulates: "The murderer dies and the injured person is punished." This is a necessary measure to prohibit killing and wounding. In the spirit of "the righteousness of the world", I still insisted on killing my son. This story vividly reflects the strict discipline of Mohism.
Because of this, Mohism can play well. But Mohism is a religious group, and it is often easy to be used. According to Mo Jing, when Wu Qi, who was engaged in political reform, was killed by Yang, an old aristocrat of Chu, Meng Sheng, a Mohist, stood on Yang's side. Later, the monarch of Yangcheng fled for fear of sin, and Chu wanted to take back the national seal. Meng Sheng defended Yang and was loyal to him. He preached "Time" to Tian Xiangzi. He died for Yangcheng Jun, so many disciples died. It can be seen from this story that Mohism has the spirit of "chivalrous man". As the ranger in Historical Records said, what he did may not be in line with justice, but he must keep his word, keep his promise and do what he promised. And make a decisive decision not to cherish your own life and save others' troubles.
Mohist School
Mozi in his later years was as famous as Confucianism and Mohism. After the death of Mozi, Mohist disciples are still "all over the world" and "countless". Therefore, although a hundred schools of thought contend in the Warring States period, "Confucianism and Mohism are outstanding" is the first of a hundred schools of thought. After Mozi's death, Mohism was divided into three schools: the ink of Xiang Fu and the ink of Deng Ling. [9] "Biography of Historical Records" said that Xiang's disciples and Deng's disciples were complacent in suffering, that is, two of these three factions. They all preach "the world in Zhuangzi", but they are different. They all attack each other for "no ink". In the existing Mozi, each chapter has three chapters, namely
Since then, according to records, Xie Zi, an oriental ink painter, has traveled all the way to the State of Qin to see King Hui of Qin. Mohism was still flourishing at this time. But by the Han Dynasty, Mohism had died out. Why did Mohism die out so soon? On this issue, the answers are quite different and need further study. It is desirable in methodology to analyze the reasons from the inside of Mohism. The difference between Mohism and Confucianism, Legalism and Taoism is that it is a religious group composed of Mohism, with strict discipline, and can go through fire and water and die without regret. These, as ordinary people, are difficult to do. Qin Huali, a native of the Spring and Autumn Period, is said to be Mozi's main disciple named Shen Zi. Qin Shili was once a disciple of Confucianism. After studying in Xia Zi and becoming a Mozi, he devoted himself to Mohism.