Northeast China, as a region, has been recorded in ancient books since its own writing. Shangshu Gong Yu first recorded the Northeast in ancient books, and divided ancient China into Kyushu, among which Jizhou has covered the western part of Liaoning. "Qingzhou" puts southern Liaoning, mainly Liaodong Peninsula, under the jurisdiction of the state.
According to legend, "Kyushu" was established after Yu's flood control, and Shun analyzed "Kyushu" as "Twelve States", in which the northeast of Jizhou is Youzhou, that is, the area west of Beizhen, Liaoning, which is called Liaoxi for short; Qingzhou "northeast" is Yingzhou, which is the area east of Beizhen today called Liaodong.
The word "Northeast" first appeared in Zhou Li Guide. "The northeast is called Youzhou, and Zhenshan is called a medical witch." In Shan Hai Jing, "Beyond the Northeast Sea, in the wild" and "There are mountains, which means it is not salty and has a country of caution".
Second, the Han and Jin Dynasties
In BC 109, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to attack by land and water, and destroyed Wei's Korea, which was entrenched in the northern part of the Korean peninsula. In BC 108, after the unification of the old territory, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided local administrative areas there, and established Lelang County, Xuantu County (located in Hamgyong Road, North Korea today), Fan Zhen County (located in Huanghai Road and Gyeonggi Road, North Korea today) and Lintun County (located in Gangwon, North Korea today), which were called "four counties of the Han Dynasty" in history. There are several counties under the jurisdiction of the four counties, and the county leaders are all Han people sent by the Han Central Committee. Obviously, the establishment of the "Four Counties of Han Dynasty" shows that Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty has brought the northern part of the Korean Peninsula under the rule of the Han Empire.
In 82 BC, the central government of the Western Han Dynasty abolished Fan Zhen and Lintun counties, Xuantu county moved to Liaodong in the west, and the three counties were merged into Lelang county. The new Xuantu County (located in present-day Xinbin North Seoul, Liaoning Province) has three new counties: Koguryo, Shangyintai and Xigaima. From the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Koguryo nationality and its kingdom regime rose in Xuantu County, Liaodong.
Third, the Gongsun regime.
During the Han and Wei Dynasties, Gongsun was the most popular surname in Liaodong and worked as a county magistrate in Liaodong County. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the year of 189-238, Gongsun's regime in Liaodong experienced four dynasties: Gongsun Du, Gongsun Kang, Gongsun Gong and Gongsun Yuan. Gongsun Kang, Liaodong Prefecture, ruled the county, divided the south, and set up a county.
Fourth, the Tang Dynasty
In the first year of Tang Gaozong's reign (668), after Goguryeo perished in the Tang Dynasty, Anton Khufu was established in Pyongyang to govern its territory, covering the whole Liaodong Peninsula, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, the northwestern part of Jilin and Baekje's hometown in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, including the east of Wusuli River, the west bank of the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and Sakhalin Island.
After the Luotang War, the capital of Anton moved from Pyongyang to Liaodong, becoming the military and political institution in charge of Liaodong, Koguryo and Bohai in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Liaodong, the hometown of Koguryo in the north and south of Yalu River, still belonged to the Tang Dynasty, and Silla's territory was still in the south of Datong River and Pyongyang. Silla surrendered to the Tang Dynasty.
In 722 (the tenth year of Tang Kaiyuan), the leader of Heishui, Ni Shuli, went to the Tang Dynasty to pay tribute. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty set up the Black Water Army, and later set up the Black Water Governor's Mansion, where tribal leaders served as governors and secretariat officials, and the central government also sent mainland officials to serve as long history (deputy governors and secretariat officials).
Five, Liao and Jin Dynasties
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan unified the two tribes in Abaoji, the leader of Lu Ye, and established themselves as kings. In 9 16 AD, Yeluboji proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Khitan. After Baoji died, his son Yeludeguang succeeded to the throne. In 947, the title was changed to Liao and the emperor was changed to Beijing. The territory in the heyday of Liao Dynasty was east of Salinger River and Shileka River. Northeast to the outer Xing 'an Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk; South to Tianjin, Hebei Baxian, Shanxi Yanmenguan, confronting the Northern Song Dynasty.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, this is the land of Yingzhou and Pingzhou. Liang and Tang established Pingzhou and lulong county in Lulong City. In the third year of Tongguang (AD 925), the Khitan occupied Yong and Pingzhou, and Jin, Han and Zhou were always occupied by the Khitan. Later, Qidan was renamed Liao.
1 1 13, akuta, the leader of the department of Jurchen Wanyan, dispatched troops and captured the Songhua River basin. 1 1 15 proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of gold and its capital of Huining (now Acheng South of Heilongjiang). After the founding of the People's Republic of China, they continued to fight, destroying Liao in 1 125 and Northern Song Dynasty in1/27. In its heyday, Daikin surpassed Liao in its heyday and contained the north at that time.
Sixth, the Yuan Dynasty
1287 At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi (Hui Yuan Zong) returned to his ancestral home in Northeast China: Yuanshangdu, Zhenglanqi, Xilin Gol League-Yingchangfu and Chifeng-Hulunbeier League's Yu 'er Lake, but he did not return to Mobei. The eastern part of Lingbei Province and Liaoyang Province in the northeast were the base camps of the Yuan Dynasty. 1470, his descendant Dayan Khan re-established the North Yuan Center in Chahar, Northeast China. The Yuan Dynasty established Liaoyang Province and Lingbei Province to govern the whole Northeast.
Seven, the Ming dynasty
1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian (now Nanjing), established the Ming Dynasty, and destroyed the Yuan Dynasty in the same year. In Dusi, Liaodong, agriculture and handicrafts have been greatly developed. Liaoyang area, in the Ming Dynasty, was a rich place with enviable years and buildings connected by thousands of miles. At that time, the handicraft industries such as iron smelting and salt making in Dusi of Liaodong were also very developed. Thirty thousand Forbidden Guards in Liaodong, Longzhou in Sichuan and Zunhua in Shuntian were the three famous iron smelting centers in China at that time. Jilin is a shipbuilding base located in the northeast of Ming Dynasty.
So in the fourth year of Hongwu (137 1 year), Liao Wei Dewey was established in Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, and in the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), Liao Wei Dewey was changed to be the commander-in-chief and special envoy of Liaodong, governing Liaodong 25 Wei, 138 Wei, two states and one alliance.
Eight, the Qing dynasty
16 16 years, the leader of Jianzhou Jurchen, Aixinjueluo Nurhachi, sweated profusely in Hetuala to rebuild the Daikin Kingdom, which was called "the later Jin" in history. In April of the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), Huang Taiji became emperor in Shengjing (now Shenyang) and changed the name of the country to "Qing" and the name of the Jurchen nationality to "Manchuria". In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing army entered the customs and gradually unified the whole country. In the early Qing Dynasty, the military government system was implemented in Northeast China, and the wicker border was established in 166 1 year, which prohibited Han immigrants.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the border crisis became more and more serious, and the Qing Dynasty was forced to open the border ban and adopt the policy of "emigrating to the real border". From 186 1 to 1880, official flag sites such as Jilin paddock, Alechuka paddock and Dalinghe ranch were opened one after another. 1882 (eighth year of Guangxu) first reclaimed land in Jilin, established Hunchun Reclamation Bureau, and then reclaimed land in Heilongjiang. In 1907, the Qing court abolished three generals, namely Shengjing, Jilin and Heilongjiang, and set up governors in Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and three governors in Northeast China.
IX. Republic of China
In the early years of the Republic of China,191-1931was ruled by the Northeast Army of Zhang and his son, including Fengtian, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jehol and Chahar Special Zone in some periods.
X. Japanese occupation period
The Japanese Kwantung Army established the puppet Mongolian-New Joint Autonomous Government and the puppet Manchukuo in the northeast.
XI。 after liberation
(1948-) Northeast China is in transition from the common administrative region of the Northeast People's Government to the Northeast Economic Zone.
Extended data
Northeast is the geographical, cultural and economic region of China, not the administrative region; The word "Northeast" first appeared in Zhou Li Guide. "The northeast is called Youzhou, and Zhenshan is called a medical witch." In Shan Hai Jing, "Beyond the Northeast Sea, in the wild" and "There are mountains, which means it is not salty and has a country of caution".
"Yuan Yi Tongzhi" in Yuan Dynasty said: "Kaiyuan Road, Zhennan Baishan, Beijing Sea, Mitsui Old Country, Five Old Cities, is also a metropolis in Northeast China." Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty said that "Northeast China" was "the land of China"-A Record of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty told me that people who used to be good at painting painted the mountains and rivers in the northeast area in detail. These are all from China.
From 1945 to 1954, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Northeast Bureau and the Northeast People's Government, which governed the seven provinces of Liaodong, Liaoxi, Jehol, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jilin, Songjiang and Heilongjiang. Many people will confuse Northeast China with administrative divisions? However, only in a few periods did the Northeast and its administrative regions overlap.
For example, General Manager of Shengjing in Qing Dynasty1636-1644; 1947- 1954 Northeast People's Government. The seven provinces under the jurisdiction of Northeast People's Government are Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and the East Fifth League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Hulunbeier City, Tongliao City, Chifeng City, Xing 'an League and Xilin Gol League).
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