History and Society: Review Outline of Unit 4, Grade Eight.
The Age of Farming Civilization (Ⅱ) —— Endless Chinese Civilization
Three kingdoms of eastern Zhou dynasty
Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Qin, Western Han and East Han Wei Wu Shu, Western Jin, Eastern Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms, Song, Liao, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
Ming and Qing dynasties
Lesson 1: From the Founding of the People's Republic to National Unity
1, Xia was founded in: the founding monarch:, the last monarch:;
Shang Dynasty was founded on: the founding monarch:, the last monarch:;
The Western Zhou Dynasty was founded on: destroying commerce through war; Founder:; Capital:;
2. China's earliest poems are:
3. Three systems of governing the country in the Western Zhou Dynasty: * essence?
System (Basic): What kind of system is it? Book P7 1
What is the purpose of the enfeoffment system? Content? The obligations of vassal States to the Zhou Emperor? What is the impact of the enfeoffment system?
Dynasty established by system (norm): (1); Founder of legend: Book p 71;
4. Western Zhou Dynasty: From to; Eastern Zhou Dynasty: from 1000 to 1000, created by Du:
5. Spring Equinox of Eastern Zhou Dynasty: Self-writing
A, yes; ; Five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period:,,,;
B, yes; ; Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period:,,,,,;
It is not only the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also the seven heroes in the Warring States Period.
6. Iron farm tools and Niu Geng began to be used for: * function?
7. The first overlord among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period:, is the phase; Played a banner; The event of establishing hegemony: * Why can I get the upper hand? (from a geographical and historical perspective).
8. List the political reforms during the Warring States Period.
Among them, the most influential are:
9. The time of Shang Yang's political reform; * content and analysis? And the result?
10, the era of a hundred schools of thought contend? What is the reason? What was the result?
13, listing comparative schools, founders, life times, main propositions and classic aphorisms;
The founder of this school mainly advocated classic aphorisms before his death.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius showed kindness, teaching students in all classes in accordance with their aptitude, and don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you.
During the Warring States period, Mencius was benevolent, and the people were rich and noble, but they had to be virtuous, poor and not humble, and mighty and unyielding.
The simple dialectical thought of Taoist Laozi in the late Spring and Autumn Period: governing by doing nothing, conforming to natural disasters, relying on good news and blessing disasters.
Zhuangzi Warring States Period//
Mohist Mozi was a self-defeating and all-encompassing person during the Warring States period, if he regarded himself as a person.
Legalist Han Feizi's rule of law and the strengthening of centralization during the Warring States Period/
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Wu, a military strategist, knew himself and knew himself.
Sun Bin prepares for the Warring States and then acts/
14, China's first unified centralized empire: establishment time:; Capital:; * What is the reason why Qin Neng destroyed six countries and unified the whole country?
15, * lists Qin Shihuang's measures to consolidate unity (that is, to strengthen centralization):
Politically: establish the supreme authority of the emperor, establish a centralized bureaucracy, and abolish the enfeoffment system.
Economically, unifying the national currency as Qin's round hole money and the national weights and measures system has promoted the development of economic exchanges among countries.
Culturally: unified writing: with Xiao Zhuan as the standard writing, unified writing has become an important factor to maintain the historical development of the Chinese nation.
Ideologically: burning books and burying Confucianism.
Although it was beneficial to strengthen ideological control in the Qin Dynasty, it also destroyed culture and stifled people's thoughts.
Transportation: repair the driveway and clear the roadblocks.
Conducive to national transportation and economic and cultural exchanges.
Militarily: attack Xiongnu in the north and build the Great Wall.
The Vietnamese who had conquered the south dug a canal.
16 * historical evaluation of Qin Shihuang;
On the one hand, Qin Shihuang was an outstanding figure who made great contributions to the historical development of China.
His main achievements are (1) conforming to the historical trend, annexing six countries, unifying the world, and ending the state of war in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Conducive to people's living and working in peace and contentment and social stability and progress.
(2) Established the first unified centralized state in the history of China, and laid the foundation of China's autocratic system for more than two thousand years.
(3) In order to consolidate unity, a series of measures have been taken, such as unifying words, currency, weights and measures, rectifying ruler roads, and excavating lingqu. It promoted the development of political, economic and cultural transportation in the Qin dynasty and expanded the territory of the Qin dynasty unprecedentedly.
On the other hand, he is also a cruel tyrant.
His historical sins are: (1) burning books to bury Confucianism, destroying the splendid Chinese civilization in the pre-Qin period and inhibiting the development of people's thoughts; (2) harsh and cruel laws and heavy military corvee are implemented, seriously exploiting the people.
(3) Construction of large-scale projects, palaces, tombs and the Great Wall of Wan Li.
17, comparison:
The text after the unification of Qin: Qin Changcheng two to:
The currency after Qin's unification; The territory of the Qin dynasty has four:
Lesson 2: The Prosperity of Han and Tang Dynasties
1, the two strongest dynasties in the ancient history of China:
2. The first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of China:
3. Western Han Dynasty (from 1600 to 1600); Eastern Han Dynasty: (1500 to 1500);
4. Measures to govern the country in the Western Han Dynasty (How did the new unified situation in the Western Han Dynasty come into being? )
5, * the history of the emperor is:
1) Politically, after Emperor Han Jing put down the "Seven-Country Rebellion", he issued a favor decree, which greatly weakened the fiefs and powers of the vassals, strengthened the supervision system, strengthened the authority of the emperor, and achieved political unity.
2) Ideologically, he adopted the suggestion of Dong Zhongshu, a Confucian scholar, to "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone", and carried out Confucian education to achieve ideological unity.
3) Militarily, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Xiongnu in the north, which eased the northern border of the Han Dynasty.
4) Territorial governance: In 60 BC, the "Western Regions all protect the government" was established, making the western regions belong to the territory of the Western Han Dynasty.
It has also strengthened the management of the south, managed the Vietnamese ethnic areas in the south, and at the same time strengthened ties with ethnic minorities in the southwest.
5. Compared with the Western Han Dynasty, which was peaceful and prosperous;
From time to time in the Eastern Han Dynasty;
6. What time is it in Battle of Red Cliffs? The warring sides? And the result?
7. The war that laid the foundation for the three kingdoms;
8. People who "hold the emperor to make the princes"? The era in which he lived? The first person in the Three Kingdoms to proclaim himself emperor?
9. Three Kingdoms:
The title of the country was established when the founders ruled the capital region.
In 220, Wei and Cao Pi Luoyang (Luoyang) were in the northern area north of the Yangtze River.
Shu 22 1 year Liu Bei Yizhou (Chengdu) Yizhou, Jingzhou
Wu 222 Sun Quan Jianye (Nanjing) Jiangdong Area