Among them, there are 25 world cultural heritages, 7 world natural heritages, 4 mixed heritages of culture and nature and 2 cultural landscapes. China World Cultural Heritage List (25 places) 1.
Zhoukoudian Peking man site (Beijing, 1987. 12 world cultural heritage.
The Great Wall (Beijing, 1987. 12 world cultural heritage.
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes (Gansu, 1987. 12 world cultural heritage.
Ming and Qing Imperial Palace (Beijing Forbidden City (Beijing), 1987. 12 ; Shenyang Imperial Palace (Liaoning), 2004.
7 world cultural heritages) 5. Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit (Shaanxi, 1987.
12 world cultural heritage. Chengde mountain resort and its surrounding temples (Hebei, 1994.
12 world heritage) 7. Confucius House, Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest in Qufu (Shandong, 1994.
12 world heritage) 8. Wudang Mountain Ancient Architecture Complex (Hubei, 1994.
12 world cultural heritage Potala palace (* * *, 1994.
12 world cultural heritage). Lushan Mountain (Jiangxi, 1996.
12 world heritage) 1 1. Old Town of Lijiang (Yunnan, 1997.
12 world cultural heritage). Pingyao ancient city (Shanxi, 1997.
12 world cultural heritage). Suzhou classical gardens (Jiangsu, 1997.
12 world cultural heritage). The Summer Palace (Beijing, 1998.
1 1 World Cultural Heritage) 15. Temple of Heaven (Beijing, 1998.
1 1 World Cultural Heritage) 16. Dazu stone carving (Chongqing, 1999.
12 world cultural heritage). Imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties (Ming Xianling (Hubei), Qing Dongling (Hebei) and Qing Xiling (Hebei), 2000.
1 1 ; Ming Tombs (Jiangsu) and Ming Tombs (Beijing), 2003. 7 ; Shengjing Sanling (Liaoning), 2004.
7 world cultural heritages) 18.
Ancient villages in southern Anhui (Xidi and Hongcun) (Anhui, 2000. 1 1 World Cultural Heritage) 19.
Longmen Grottoes (Henan, 2000. 1 1 World Cultural Heritage) 20.
Dujiangyan-Qingcheng Mountain (Sichuan, 2000. 1 1 World Cultural Heritage) 2 1.
Yungang Grottoes (Shanxi, 200 1. 12 world cultural heritage) 22.
China Koguryo Imperial City, Mausoleum and Noble Tombs (Jilin, 2004. 7。
1 World Cultural Heritage) 23. Macao Historic District (Macau, 2005 World Cultural Heritage) 24.
Yin Ruins in Anyang (Henan, 2006. 7。
13 world cultural heritage) 25. Kaiping Diaolou and Ancient Villages (Guangdong, 2007.
6。 World cultural heritage) 26.
Fujian Tulou (Fujian, 2008. 7。
World cultural heritage) 27. Wutai Mountain (Shanxi 2009.
6。 China World Natural Heritage List (7 places) 1.
Jiuzhaigou (Sichuan, 1992. 12 World Natural Heritage.
Huanglong (Sichuan, 1992. 12 World Natural Heritage.
Wulingyuan (Hunan, 1992. 12 World Natural Heritage.
Three parallel rivers (Yunnan, 2003. 7 World Natural Heritage) 5.
Giant panda habitat (Sichuan, 2006. 7 World Natural Heritage) 6.
Karst in South China (Wulong in Chongqing, Shilin in Yunnan, Libo in Guizhou, 2007. 6。
World natural heritage) 7. Sanqingshan (Jiangxi, 2008.
6。 26 World Natural Heritage Sites).
2. What are the historical sites in Egypt? Abu Mina Cultural Heritage 1979? The natural heritage of ancient Thebes and its cemetery 1979? * * * Cairo Cultural Heritage 1979? Memphis and its Cemetery —— Cultural Heritage in the Pyramid Area from Giza to Dashur 1979? From Abu? Cultural Heritage of Nubian Sites from Simbel to Philae 1979? St Catherine's Cultural Heritage 2002? Whale Valley Cultural Heritage 2005 1. Abu Mina Abu Mina is the holy city of early Christianity.
Its buildings include churches, baptismal pools, ancient Roman rectangular churches, monasteries, public buildings, streets, houses and workshops. All this was built on the tomb of the martyr Alexander Minas, who died in 296 AD.
Abu Minai Monastery was built in the 3rd century AD to commemorate an Alexander soldier named Minas, who was an officer of Diocletian army. After Diocletian's army won, Minas refused to slaughter any Christians.
Not only that, he also publicly declared his Christian spirit, which greatly encouraged other Christians to continue to suffer oppression and torture from Diocletian's army. Abu Minai Monastery is located in the south of Alexandria, between Ehrner River and Alexandria.
Legend has it that Minas' body came back from Friggiya when the camel suddenly stopped walking, so Minas' body must be buried on the spot. In the same place, a well appeared in the desert
The appearance of wells has planted wild grapes and olive trees in this area. This oasis is called the sacred Mina vineyard.
Today, only ruins and deserts have witnessed this beautiful oasis in history. In order to accommodate more and more Christian pilgrims, a hot water pool named Besirika was built in the 5th century A.D. to provide holy water for the surrounding hot water baths and baths.
Legend has it that pilgrims put the water from Besilica in a very small vase. The vase was sealed with a seal on the statue of Saint Minas, who stood between two kneeling camels.
During the 5th and 6th centuries, many buildings were built around the hot water pool Besilica, and a 48,000-square-foot monastery was connected to the north of Besilica. Archaeologists excavated a complete town and found many houses and cemeteries.
They even found pieces of potters, workshops and vases that made vases. The Besilica building in Arcadius is a long hall with colonnade.
The eastern end of the hall is usually built with one or more semicircular vaults, and the westernmost end is the front hall of the church. The Besirica of Arcadius was built in the 5th century, located in the center of a group of magnificent buildings, just south of Alexandria.
The top of the building is supported by 56 marble columns. The baptismal pool is located at the western end of Besirica. Its corner is semicircular with colorful marble niches.
This is the only building that shows the artistic style of ancient Christian architecture. There is a church in the west of Besirica, and its architectural style is obviously influenced by the architectural art of ancient Egypt and Byzantium.
2. The ancient city of Thebes and its cemetery The ancient city of Thebes and its cemetery straddle the banks of the middle reaches of the Nile. 1979 UNESCO listed the ancient city of Thebes and its cemetery as a cultural heritage on the World Heritage List.
The ancient city of Thebes and its cemetery are famous monuments in Egypt. They are located between Luxor and Karnak Temple in Egypt, across the banks of the middle reaches of the Nile, and were once the capitals of the central kingdom and the new kingdom of ancient Egypt (19-25 dynasty). The ancient city covers an area of about 15.5 square kilometers. There are Karnak Temple and Luxor Temple on the east bank, and the Valley of the Emperors and the Valley of the Emperors on the west bank.
The most famous ancient Egyptian building in Thebes is the Karnak Temple, which is composed of three groups of buildings, namely the Temple of Monte, the Temple of Amentan Promayor and the Temple of Wright, surrounded by brick walls. Amentan Promayor was founded in 1870 BC, and later expanded by 10 dynasties. It is a temple dedicated to the sun god, nature god and moon god by ancient Egyptian pharaohs.
They are all made of huge stones and are the largest existing ancient temples in the world. ■ The Temple of Amon is located on the Nile River. The lake in the foreground in the picture is the place where priests perform daily bubble bath ceremonies and the temple raises sacrificial birds.
The cylindrical hall of Karnak Temple is known as the miracle of the art world. The hall was built during the rule of two generations of kings, namely 1302-65438 BC+0290 BC, the 19th dynasty, King Siti, 65438 BC+0290 BC-65438 BC, Ramses II.
The large column hall has a building area of 5000 square meters, and the top of the hall is about 25 meters from the ground. It is supported by 134 circular stone pillars with a diameter of 4 meters and a height of about 2 1 meter. Among them, 19 is the largest, with a height of more than 20 meters and a crown diameter of 3.6 meters. More than 65,438+000 people can stand at the top. These stone pillars are made up of 65,438+000 people. There are many wonderful reliefs and inscriptions on the wall of the hall, which record the relationship between the king and the gods.
Walking into the small hall of the temple, you can see two obelisks, which were built in memory of Queen Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut is a famous queen in Egyptian history. She is the queen of King Thutmose II. After the death of the king, she came to power from BC 1486 to BC 1468.
There is a pink granite stone tablet in the hall, 30.5 meters high, which was shipped from Aswan waterway. The temple in the temple is made of granite and divided into two rooms, inside and outside.
There is a river dedicated to the storage of sacred ships, and the relief on the wall depicts the grand occasion of the departure of sacred ships. The shrine in the temple was built during the reign of Pharaoh Tusmos in the 18th dynasty, with a history of nearly 3,390 years.
The roof of the hall is supported by 52 stone pillars, and there are many fascinating reliefs on the walls of the hall. The grand courtyard of the Temple was built in 945 BC, which is the largest temple courtyard in Egypt, covering an area of 7,989.7 square meters.
On the left of the courtyard is the Temple of Siti II, and on the right is the Temple of Amon built by Ramses III. There is a stone pillar hall in the middle, and a large stone pillar with a height of 2 1 meter stands in the sky.
■ This is a row of statues of the sphinx with the head of a sheep, which is the symbol of the Lord God Amon. Under the head of each sheep stands a small statue resembling Pharaoh.
In addition to the magnificent buildings, there are many interesting reliefs and paintings in the temple. Relief and painting have a wide range of themes, reflecting the life of ancient Egyptian society from different angles.
Among them, there are grand scenes of ancestor worship activities of kings and nobles, as well as scenes of peasant boatmen's production and labor. Some paintings and reliefs vividly depict naughty children and crawling.
3. What are the famous cultural relics in Egypt? 1. Egyptian Museum The Egyptian Museum is located in Tahrir Square in downtown Cairo. It was completed and opened on 1902. It is the most famous and largest museum of ancient Egyptian cultural relics in the world.
The museum has a collection of 250,000 historical relics from the pharaoh era in ancient Egypt to 5,000 years ago in the 6th century, most of which have a history of more than 3,000 years. The museum is divided into two floors, and the exhibits are displayed in dozens of exhibition halls in chronological order.
Many cultural relics in the museum, such as the giant stone statue of Pharaoh, palace treasures made of pure gold, a large number of mummies, and Tutankhamun's 242-pound pure gold mask and coffin, are amazing in their exquisite workmanship. 2. Pyramids Egypt * * * has discovered 96 pyramids, the largest of which are the three pyramids in Giza, a suburb of Cairo.
The pyramids are tombs built by the kings of ancient Egypt for themselves. The Great Pyramid is the tomb of Khufu, the second king of the fourth dynasty. It was built around 2690 BC and its original height was 146.5 meters. Due to years of weathering, its top has peeled off10m, and now its height is136.5m.. Each side of the base is more than 230 meters long, the slope of the triangular surface is 5 1 degree, and the bottom area of the tower is 52,900 square meters. The tower consists of 2.3 million stones, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons.
It is said that it took 65438+ ten thousand people 20 years to build it. The passage inside the pyramid is open to the outside world. The paragraphs are exquisitely designed and calculated, which is amazing.
The second pyramid is the tomb of King Havra, son of Khufu. It was built in 2650 BC, 3 meters lower than the former, but the architectural form is more perfect and spectacular. There are temples and other ancillary buildings and the famous Sphinx in front of the tower. The Sphinx refers to Ha Fula. The Sphinx looks like a lion, 22 meters high and 57 meters long. One ear of the statue is 2 meters high.
Except for the lion's claws, the whole statue is carved from natural rocks. Because the stone is loose, it has gone through more than 4000 years, and the whole statue has been severely weathered.
In addition, the face was severely damaged. Some people say that Ma Mruck used it as a target to practice shooting, while others said that it was a trace left by the shelling when Napoleon invaded Egypt in the18th century. The third pyramid belongs to King Koala, the grandson of Khufu, and was built around 2600 BC.
At that time, it was the decline of the fourth dynasty, and pyramid architecture began to decline. The height of the Menkoala pyramid suddenly dropped to 66 meters, and the internal structure was chaotic.
There is a famous Sun Boat Museum in the south of pyramid of khufu. Khufu's son used a solar boat to transport Khufu's mummy to the pyramid for burial, then took the boat apart and buried it underground. The museum was built on the site unearthed by the sun boat.
The hull is made of pure wood structure and tied with ropes. 3. The Nile originates from the Ethiopian Plateau and flows through Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Zaire, Sudan and Egypt, with a total length of 6,700 kilometers. It is the largest river in Africa and the second longest river in the world, with a navigable water area of about 3,000 kilometers.
There are two rivers on the Nile, which come from the mountainous area of Burundi in the west and flow northward through Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa. It is called the White Nile. The east source comes from Lake Tana in the Ethiopian Plateau, which is called the Blue Nile. The Blue Nile and the White Nile meet in Khartoum, Sudan, and then flow into Egypt.
The Nile valley and delta are the cradle of Egyptian culture and one of the cradles of world culture. The length of the Nile in Egypt is 1530 km, and a valley with a width of 3- 16 km is formed on both banks. After arriving in Cairo, it divides into two tributaries and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
These two tributaries alluvial to form the Nile Delta, covering an area of 24,000 square kilometers. This is the most densely populated and fertile area in Egypt, with a population of 96% and cultivated land accounting for two-thirds of the country's cultivated land. Almost all the water in Egypt comes from the Nile.
According to the agreement signed by nine countries in the Nile valley, Egypt enjoys an annual share of 55.5 billion cubic meters of river water. There are many cruise ships on the Nile River in Cairo. Among them, it is also called Pharaoh's ship, which was built after Pharaoh's ship. In the evening, you can row a boat on the river, visit the beautiful scenery on both sides, and watch the famous oriental dance performance on the boat.
4. Sakala Pyramid The Sakala Pyramid is located in the desert outside the edge of the oasis in the West Nile Valley, 30 kilometers south of Cairo, and consists of several pyramids. One of the most famous is the stepped pyramid, which is the tomb of Zuo Saier, the king of the third dynasty in ancient Egypt. It was built around 2700 BC.
This pyramid is the oldest existing pyramid in Egypt and the earliest stone tomb in the world. The pyramid is a six-story stepped tower, about 60 meters high.
There are many tombs of nobles and ministers near the pyramids, among which a large number of exquisite relief murals vividly depict the working and living scenes of ancient Egyptians. In addition, the nearby sacred cow tomb is also famous.
This old castle was built in 1 176 for Saladin, the king of Ayub dynasty, in order to protect Cairo from the crusaders. * * * Ali * * Temple is built in the city.
There is an Egyptian military museum in the ancient castle, which displays the weapons and equipment, clothing, famous war cases, fortifications, objects, imitations, models and pictures of the Egyptian army in various historical periods. * * * Ali * * Temple was built in 1830, 1246.
The whole building has the architectural style of Abbasid dynasty. * * * Ali (1769- 1849), an Albanian, became the ruler of Egypt in 1805.
The towering Ali Temple was built on the top of the hill in the north of Cairo. The worship hall is square, centered on the towering dome, surrounded by four semi-circular halls corresponding to the main hall, in which four high columns live. There is a bathroom in the middle of the west side of the temple, which is used for cleaning during the sacrifice.
There are four chains around the bathroom. * * * Temple is in the middle of the bathroom, and the outer wall is inlaid with snowflake stone tiles, so it is also called snowflake stone * * * Temple.
6.khan. Hariri market is located in the center of Cairo (the old city). It consists of thousands of small shops distributed in dozens of small streets, many of which can be traced back to14th century. The market road is narrow, and the streets are crowded with small shops, mainly selling traditional Egyptian handicrafts such as gold and silver jewelry, copper plates, stone carvings and leather goods. They are very popular with foreign tourists because of their antique storefronts and complete products.
This used to be the graveyard of three generations of Fatham descendants. /kloc-In the 4th century, the Egyptian ruler Khan Hariri ordered the demolition of the cemetery on the grounds that Fatme was an apostate and had no right to build a cemetery, and invested in building a market here, namely the Khan Hariri Market. Now, it has become a symbol of Cairo's ancient culture and oriental color.
4. What famous cultural heritages did the ancient Egyptians leave to future generations? Ancient Egypt is a powerful kingdom. The pharaohs have been expanding politically and militarily, expanding the commercial exchanges between ancient Egypt and Syria, Palestine and other places in the eastern Mediterranean, promoting the continuous contact between eastern and western cultures and promoting the cultural exchanges and integration of all ethnic groups in the world.
Although the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt have been lost, their contribution to later generations is indelible. Phoenician alphabet evolved from ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, and Phoenician alphabet is the predecessor of Greek, English, French, German and other letters. Imagine what a pity it would be if there were no English, French and German in this world.
In addition to writing, mathematics and astronomy in ancient Egypt were also very developed, which were applied to architecture and painting by ancient Egyptians and became an important part of the world mathematical system. Religion is the most important part of ancient Egyptian culture, which runs through the whole history of ancient Egypt.
The ancient Egyptians made many mummies, which not only made people know more about distant ancient Egypt, but also made people know a lot about physics, chemistry and medicine. Pyramids, obelisks, temples, these ancient Egyptian buildings have a far-reaching impact on the architectural art of later generations, providing important enlightenment for urban construction in various countries.
Now you are walking on the streets of Paris and Rome, and it is not difficult to see the obelisk as long as you look up. The reason why ancient Egypt became one of the four ancient civilizations is not only because the ancient Egyptians created a profound ancient Egyptian civilization, but more importantly, the wisdom and culture created by the ancient Egyptians inspired future generations and became the basis for people to create more advanced cultures.
There have been ten great migrations in human history.
1, the brutal invasion of Huns
Xiongnu is a