experience
Tokugawa was born in Edo City on April 8th in the fourth year (1824), and was the fourth son of the 12th generation general Tokugawa IeYoshi. The baby's name is Masanosuke. Jiaqing's eldest son died young, and only Jia will survive. Jardine was weak when he was a child, and he was born weak. He hates talking in front of others, and only nanny Geqiao can communicate with him. Modern research believes that Jardine suffers from cerebral palsy.
In the 11th year of Zheng Wen (1828), Fu Yuanzheng was renamed Jiaxiang. The appointment of Syria began with the right to speak, and it was promoted to the right to speak on the same day, and the right to speak remained unchanged.
In the eighth year of Tianbao (1837), he was also a right guard general.
Natural forest protection 12 years (184 1), Grandpa Ogsho died. This family will be the prince of the celebration of the12nd generation generals' family. On the issue of the prince, Jiaqing once thought that the family's bearing was not suitable for being the prince of the general's family, but he considered letting Kikibashi Qingxi (later Tokugawa Yoshinobu) be the heir, but finally decided to let the family be the prince under the opposition of Abe Zhaohui.
In the sixth year of Yongjia (1853), Jiaqing died while sailing in the United States. As before, Jiaxiang was transferred to the Ministry of the Interior and the bodyguard of General Right, and was appointed as a foreign general and Genji elder. June 23rd 165438+ Jiaxiang changed its name to Jiading.
At this time, the incident of black ship going to sea caused panic within the shogunate, and moderates and hardliners debated whether to accept American credentials or not to establish a country. When Perry led the fleet to invade Edo Bay, the argument subsided and he decided to accept the credentials. On July 9, Berber landed with more than 300 officers holding the Stars and Stripes, marines and military bands, and submitted a personal letter from the President of the United States to Urugu, promising to come back next spring. In the meantime, we can look at the people who panicked at that time through a record: "... on June 3, Yongjia, five (actually four) American warships came to this port (that is, Puhe Port). Although you are old, his panic is indescribable. It's like waking up in a dream for 300 years. Although it was the shogunate, not only the shogunate, but also more than 300 governors all over the world panicked. As a result, some governors were anxious, because they were the guards of the governors from Urawa to Shinagawa, and Urawa was the frontier of Huijin and Kumamoto. However, before the Americans arrived, those famous names and flags had already put their armor on the shelf. They just took it out on the eleventh day of the first month and put it in the summer of June. Only a handful of people have individual soldiers. Therefore, as soon as I went out, I immediately felt that I lacked equipment, which made me lose my head. Even if the armor handed down by ancestors is damaged, the shirt is riddled with insects and can't be put on. Therefore, we should not only find armor craftsmen, martial artists and harness craftsmen in Edo, but also find craftsmen from nearby countries to come to Edo and ask them to repair the old ones or make new ones as soon as possible. The chief veteran at that time seemed to be Yi Shi Sen Abe (. Because of the short robe, the panic is slightly reduced, but it is still unbearable, because the flag book below 5000 stones needs 10 silver for every hundred stones. Therefore, it can be said that the ordnance division made a fortune. Soon after, people created a satirical short poem (a short poem composed of 17 pseudonyms), which was produced in the middle of Edo and named after Kawasaki Takei, the famous writer of this poem. People openly say that we are martial arts and harness makers, and we are grateful to our elder sister. "(The original text is from Nobuhiro Chai Tian's" Wu at the End of the Curtain "and quoted from Junzhi's" Japanese Political History ",Volume I, page 53, Commercial Press 1997 edition).
In the first year of Anzheng (1854), Perry led the fleet again according to the six-year agreement of Yongjia, threatening the founding of Japan by force. The shogunate also knew the gap between itself and the other side, so it signed the Kanagawa Treaty. The treaty stipulates: "To supply fuelwood, water, food and coal for ships, and the goods in the ship are insufficient, and open two ports, Xia Tian and Boxuan; If an American ship is damaged at sea, the crew and cargo will be transferred to these two ports and then handed over to the United States. It is not allowed to imprison the crew. The US government had to send representatives to Shimoda. " (Excerpted from Junsuke's History of Japanese Politics, Volume I, page 56. The Commercial Press, 97th edition).
In July of the third year of Anzheng (1856), Thomson Harris, as the first American consul general in Japan, went to Shimoda with the mission of concluding a trade treaty with Japan, and then went to Edo to ask the shogunate to accept the letter written by President Pierce to the general many times. Worried that the repeated rejection of this request would lead to disputes between the United States and Japan, the shogunate gave in. In the fourth year of Anzheng (1857), the family decided to meet Harris in Edo City. It is said that abnormal movements such as leaning back and stamping feet caused by illness for many years have also changed. However, instead of improving, Jardine's physical condition continued to deteriorate and became a cripple. Curtain politics can only be dominated by Masahiro Abe of Laos and China. Masahiro died in Anzheng for four years (1857), and then Masago Horita of Laozhong led shogunate politics. General's succession: After four years in Anzheng's house, his health is getting worse and worse. Before that, the main office of the family, Tianqinyuan, and Shou Mingjun and Cheng Xinyuan had no children. Even if the family married Zhang Tian DuYuanJi, the adopted daughter of Shimadzu Ji Bin, there was still no heir, so the issue of the general's succession was put on the agenda. At present, the shogunate is divided into two factions, and the reformists who try to restrain Muge dictatorship control the reputation of a wise bridge, which is called the One Bridge School. The main representatives are Tokugawa Zhao Qi, Matsuhei Qingyong and Shimazu Keibin. Conservatives who want to maintain Muge dictatorship advocate the establishment of Jizhou Fandechuan Qingfu, which is closest to the general's lineage, and call it Jizhou School, also known as Antarctic School. The main representative is Jing Yi Zhi Zhi. The contradiction between the two factions began to intensify. Finally, when Horita Masamu went to Beijing to implement the Japan-US trade treaty, Tadashi, the old Nakagawa who stayed in Edo, colluded with Nanji School to advise the families who were afraid of Zhao Qi's interference in the internal affairs of the shogunate and the general. On the third day of Horita's return to the shogunate, that is, April 23rd, he suddenly appointed Jing Yi as the elder. Inoue signed the treaty without authorization, which led to the dissatisfaction of the Yiqiao school. On June 24th, Zhao Ji and his tail Zhang Fan, the owner of Tokugawa Keisuke, suddenly came to Edo City, accusing Mr. Inoue of violating the imperial edict and proposing to establish Keisuke, but the next day, the shogunate announced the decision to establish Jiamao (that is, Tokugawa Keisuke) as the heir, and ordered Zhao Ji to be cautious and celebrate on July 5th. The next day, the general's family died of illness at the age of 35.
As for the cause of Jia Ding's death, the official announcement is that athlete's foot is getting worse, but there are other sayings, saying that the Joy Sect poisoned Jia Ding and was punished, or that the Antarctic Sect poisoned Jia Ding in order to win Jia Mao's position.
The life of the family has come to an end, and many crises still hang over the shogunate.