Mayan civilization is a modern jungle civilization, distributed in today's southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Belize. Although in the Neolithic Age, it made great achievements in astronomy, mathematics, agriculture, art and writing. Maya civilization is an outstanding representative of Latin American ancient Indian civilization and American ancient Indian civilization, named after Indian Maya. Formed around 1500 BC, the Mayans created a splendid Mayan civilization.

According to the chronology of Central America, Mayan history is divided into pre-classical period, classical period and post-classical period. The pre-classical period (65438 BC+0500-300 AD) is also called the formative period, during which calendars and characters were invented, monuments and buildings were built. The classical period was its heyday (from the 4th century to the 9th century), during which the use of characters, the establishment of monuments, the construction of buildings and the exertion of art reached its peak. Post-classical period (about 9th century-65438+6th century),

During this period, chichen itza, Smal and other city-states in the north rose and their cultures gradually declined. Maya never had a unified and powerful empire like China, Egypt and other civilizations. In its heyday, the Maya region was divided into hundreds of city-states. However, Maya countries traditionally belong to the same cultural circle in terms of language, writing, religious beliefs and customs. /kloc-In the 6th century, the Aztec Empire, the inheritor of Mayan culture, was destroyed by the Spanish Empire.

2. Inca Empire.

The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantin Suyu or Tahuantinsuyo) was an ancient empire in America from 1 1 6th century, and its political, military and cultural center was located in Cuzco, Peru today. The center of the Inca Empire is located in the Andes in South America, and its territory is about Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina in South America today. Its main ethnic group, the Inca, is also the founder of the Inca civilization, one of the three major civilizations in America.

Inca ancestors crossed the Bering Strait to America about 1. 1 10,000 years ago. In the decades after the Incas arrived in America, the inhabitants of Eurasia had little contact with the Incas. In the long history, Indians created their own civilization in South America and established the Inca Empire with unprecedented territory.

The early history of the Inca Empire seems to be recorded only in myths and legends. Later, the Spanish invaders provided an official version of the early history of the Inca Empire, but even this official version is difficult to distinguish the true history of the Inca Empire from the myths and legends intertwined with it.

3. Aztec civilization.

Aztec (or translated as Aztec, Aztec) is an ancient Mexican civilization from14th century to16th century. Aztec civilization is a unique ancient civilization in the history of the world. It established an empire in central Mexico in the15th century. Have a more accurate calendar system; In agriculture, irrigation technology is developed; Economically, there was already a "currency" in the primitive stage;

Religious myths have distinctive features and far-reaching influence on later generations; The Aztecs are also very skilled in building, and they can build very magnificent buildings. The ancient city of tenochtitlan is the best proof. In addition, the Aztec social strata are strictly divided and have a complete legal system.

The Aztec Empire was the largest empire in Central America before Columbus, and it also formed a unique Aztec civilization. Strong economic strength has made the Aztec civilization develop rapidly in all aspects. The main ethnic group of the Aztec Empire is the Aztecs, a very militant people.

After a series of wars of expansion, the Aztec Empire became the most powerful country in Central America before Columbus. In its heyday, the Aztec Empire not only completely covered the central part of Mexico today, but also occupied some "distant countries" for Americans with extremely backward transportation technology.

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1, the religious culture of the Inca Empire.

The Inca Empire mainly believed in the sun god and considered itself a descendant of the sun god. According to legend, the sun god sent his son and daughters Manco Capac and Ma Okyo to teach the Incas calendars and laws. June 24th every year is the most important festival of the Inca Empire-the Sun Festival. At this time, the Incas will sacrifice their crops and livestock to the sun god, thanking the sun god for bringing sunshine to the earth every year, so that animals can grow and crops can be harvested.

The Aztecs in Central America and Mexico worshipped the sun god as much as the Incas. The Maya in Yucatan Peninsula worshipped Quetzalcoatl (but the Incas also had a god similar to Quetzalcoatl: the creator-Veracocha). Both the Mayans and the Aztecs had large-scale religious ceremonies to sacrifice the living, but the Incas did not. Incas will give their precious things, gold, or crops and livestock to God, but they will not sacrifice human life.

2. Mayan beliefs.

Maya believed in religion, and their cultural life was full of religious color. They worship Sun God, Rain God, Valley God, Death God, God of War, Wind God, Valley God and so on. The sun god is above the gods and is regarded as the embodiment of God. In addition, worship ancestors and believe that the soul is immortal. Mayan countries are also in charge of religious affairs, and the capital is a religious center.

3. The religious culture of the Aztec Empire.

The Aztec Empire was developed on the basis of inheriting the indigenous culture of the Mexican valley. Its culture has the characteristics of both its own nation and other tribes, such as Teotihuacan and Tortek. Its religious belief is an obvious aspect. Religious myths play an important role in Aztec life.

People believe in the immortality of the soul and the existence of the supreme Lord. Their main god is Vezi Lo Bochetri, who is also the sun god and the god of war. After the establishment of tenochtitlan, Weizlo Bochetri was identified as the main god. Before that, he represented hunting.