Good words from A Brief History of Time
Eternity; Desire; Be careful; Disappear; Sick and sick; trace (back) to the source of sth
A good sentence from A Brief History of Time
1, boring life is a tragedy.
2. The matter in the universe is composed of positive energy.
Eternity towards the end seems to have no end.
The light we see from distant galaxies was emitted millions of years ago, and as far as the farthest object we see is concerned, it was emitted 8 billion years ago. So when we observe the universe, we are observing its past.
When I was twenty-one, my expectation of happiness had dropped to zero. From then on, any little happiness can make me feel extremely happy.
6. My goal is simple, that is, to complete my understanding of the universe, including why the universe is like this and why it exists.
I have noticed that even those who claim that everything is predestined and we can't make any changes will be equally cautious when crossing the street.
Einstein was wrong when he said "God doesn't roll dice". In response to the hints given by black holes, God not only throws a sieve, but also often throws dice out of our sight to confuse us.
9. I was told that every time a scientific formula appears in my book, the sales volume will drop by half. When I put Einstein's famous formula E=MC2 at the end of the book again, I hope I won't scare away half of my potential readers.
Excerpt from A Brief History of Time
1. Since the beginning of civilization, people are unwilling to regard events as insignificant and incomprehensible, and they are eager to know the fundamental order of the world. Today we are still eager to know why we are here. Where do we come from? People's deepest thirst for knowledge is enough to provide us with sufficient reasons for continuous exploration, and our goal is to give a complete description of the universe in which we live.
2. Why have we never seen broken cups get together, leave the ground and jump back to the table? The usual explanation is that this violates the second law of thermodynamics, which points out that in any closed system, disorder or entropy always increases with time. In other words, it is a form of Murphy's law: things tend to get worse: a complete cup on the desktop is in a highly orderly state, while a broken cup on the floor is in a disorderly state. It is easy for people to change from a cup on the table to a broken cup on the ground later, not the other way around.
Now we know that any particle has antiparticles, which will annihilate it. For powerful particles, antiparticles are themselves. ) There may also be an entire anti-world and anti-human composed of antiparticles. However, if you meet someone who opposes you, be careful not to shake hands! Otherwise, you will all disappear in an instant.
Before the 20th century, no one ever suggested that the universe was expanding or contracting, which reflected the thinking atmosphere at that time very interestingly. It is generally believed that the universe has existed in an unchanging state for an infinite time, or was created in a limited past, more or less as we see it today. Part of the reason may be that people tend to believe in eternal truth, and it is comforting to think that the universe must be immortal.
On the other hand, philosophers whose mission is to get to the bottom of the matter can't keep up with the progress of scientific theory. /kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, philosophers took the whole human knowledge, including science, as their own field and discussed whether the universe had a beginning or not. However, in 19 and the 20th century, science became too technical and mathematical for philosophers or anyone except a few experts. Philosophers have narrowed the scope of doubt to such an extent that Wittgenstein, the most famous philosopher of this century, also said: "The only task left in philosophy is language analysis." From Aristotle to Kant, the great philosophical tradition has degenerated!
Reflection on A Brief History of Time
Does time have a beginning? Where will it end? Is the universe infinite or finite? With questions, I will swim in the ocean of knowledge with Hawking's A Brief History of Time, feel the charm of science and explore the light of science and technology!
First, for the strength and example of Master Hawking,
Hawking, he is the greatest physicist of our time; He is a giant in the era of science; He is a warrior who challenges his fate in a wheelchair. His world may be small, because he can't speak or write, so he can only sit and think. His' world' is also very big. He transcended relativity, quantum science and the Big Bang, and the light of thought traveled through time and space to solve the mystery of the universe.
In my eyes, Hawking's A Brief History of Time is not only an outstanding physical work, but also a literary work full of ideological wisdom and humanistic feelings. I will remember: Hawking compared a particle with spin 2 to a Q in a playing card, explaining the principle that a rotating particle rotates twice a week and returns to itself. What a clever metaphor, presenting complex principles to readers in the most life-like way. Real masters and great men should let more people feel the mystery of science and devote themselves to the cause of science and technology. And this is the master's personality charm!
Second, China Science and Technology is full of hope for translation.
The Brief History of Time I read is a translated version, and I feel that the narrative is smooth and concise, avoiding blunt literal translation and choosing vivid free translation. My admiration for this translator also arises spontaneously, so I specially consulted the editing materials and got to know Mr. Wu, the first scientific and technological talent in China.
Wu, an Olympic bull in middle school, high flyers of China University of Science and Technology, Hawking's close disciple. During his stay at Oxford University, Wu and Hawking forged a deep affection between teachers and students. It was he who translated Hawking's works into Chinese one by one, and made more people in China enter Hawking's brilliant ideological world.
I think there are many scientific and technological personnel like Wu who have made outstanding contributions to China's scientific and technological undertakings in China. They became attached to the motherland, fought in the front line and dedicated their youth. The launch of China Shenzhou series spacecraft and Chang 'e's landing on the moon are all condensed with the wisdom and sweat of China's scientific and technological personnel, and it is precisely because of their existence that we have a hopeful China science and technology.
Third, think about the aftertaste in the book, and then think after the aftertaste.
Goethe once said: reading makes people wise. And A Brief History of Time is such a book. Through the exploration of the universe, layer by layer, it causes us to think about life and life.
After Einstein discovered the general theory of relativity, he tried to find a theory to make the annoying quantum theory less casual. Although I don't know much about quantum science, I hate probability based on statistics. The world is a perfect and rigorous machine, and the existence of everything has its rationality.
I am an atheist, but I am not without faith, just as I don't like to put all my eggs in one basket to believe that Almighty God controls fate. But I like the concept of time very much. Time is real, but we can't see or touch it. In the mathematical sense, we regard time as a coordinate axis. Then the time we have traveled is obviously a continuous straight line connected by an infinite number of points, but we can only survive at some clearly marked points. In other words, those abandoned points are the dregs of time. Everyone's coordinate points are different, but some historical events have obviously become evidence of the survival of all people or a group of people. This is described by Zweig as the charge accumulated at the tip of the lightning rod. In Hawking's view, time, as the direct axis of activity, is different from the seemingly quiet space, but it is actually causal. This tolerant fatalism reminds me.
The difference between space and time is that any living thing depends on time, whether in one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.
Einstein has long conceived the concept of a finite unbounded universe. He used a very simple statement: energy should be conserved. If the universe is infinite and energy will be continuously lost, then entropy will inevitably decrease-this is impossible in his view, although the second theorem of thermodynamics is a very local theorem. The only concept that can guarantee the conservation of energy is that the universe is finite and unbounded. The four directions are called the universe from top to bottom and have been called the universe since ancient times. This is an accurate description of the universe by the sages.
In this way, time and space have the same starting point and the same ending point. It's like the earth where we live. Under the action of gravitational field, space bends and forms a sphere-a sphere without boundaries. Unbounded universe means that we live in a four-dimensional space-time, which is a four-dimensional sphere, and this sphere is unbounded. All this is infinite, unbounded and endless.
Hawking once said: Eternity is a long time, especially for the end. I think science is like this, guessing one by one, deducing one by one and confirming one by one.
After reading A Brief History of Time, some questions in my mind suddenly became clear, while others were still half-baked. But I am still satisfied, and this constant exploration is also the charm of science.
Time will never stop, the universe is always changing.
Thought of brief history of time
It is generally believed that Einstein's general theory of relativity is the correct theory to describe the evolution of the universe. In the framework of classical general relativity, Hawking and Penrose proved that there must be singularities in space-time under very general conditions. The most famous singularities are in black holes and in the Big Bang. At the singularity, all laws and predictability fail. Singularity can be regarded as the edge or boundary of space and time. Only by giving the boundary conditions at the singularity can we get the evolution of the universe from Einstein's equation. Because the boundary conditions can only be given by the creator outside the universe, the fate of the universe is in the hands of the creator. This is the first driving force that has troubled human wisdom since Newton's time.
If there is no boundary between space and time, there is no need to disturb God with the first push. This can only be done in the theory of quantum gravity. Hawking believes that the quantum state of the universe is in the ground state, and space-time can be regarded as a finite and unbounded four-dimensional surface, just like the surface of the earth, but with two more dimensions. All structures in the universe can be reduced to the minimum fluctuation allowed by the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics. From some simple model calculations, we can draw inferences consistent with astronomical observations, such as the cluster structure of galaxies and stars, the large-scale isotropy and uniformity, and the flatness of time and space, that is, space and time are basically flat, which makes the development of galaxies and even life possible.
The significance of Hawking's quantum cosmology lies in that it really makes cosmology a mature science. It is a self-sufficient theory, that is, in principle, people can predict everything in the universe only through scientific laws.
Creation background
Shortly after the publication of Primitive Universe, Hawking decided to write a cosmology book that was very attractive to the public. This book is a brief history of time. Unfortunately, this book has been delayed until 1985, because Hawking was unfortunately infected with pneumonia when he visited the quantum physics laboratory of the European Atomic Energy Institute in Geneva, Switzerland. Because of his serious illness, Hawking was sent to Ardenbrook Hospital of Cambridge University for tracheotomy. Although this operation saved Hawking's life, he can no longer use his voice. Hawking used a small computer speech synthesizer connected to a wheelchair to "speak" by hand. It's inconvenient for Hawking, but it's easy for the audience who couldn't hear clearly before. Before using this speech synthesizer, only the people closest to him could understand what he said. Hawking's A Brief History of Time was finally published in 1988.