First, the origin of surname:

The first source: from Tibetans, from the ancient elephant kingdom, the name of the country was changed from Chinese to surname.

Peng is the earliest recorded classic Zhuangzi in China ancient literature.

Zhuang Zhou said in "A Happy Tour in Zhuangzi": "There are fish in the northern Ming Dynasty, named Kun. Kunda, thousands of miles away. Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back is thousands of miles away. Fly away angrily, its wings hang in the sky like clouds. Water hammer is three thousand li, but it doesn't take nine Wan Li. Absolutely Wan Li has no clouds, negative blue sky, and then map south. "

Similar to the same result, it is also recorded in the Tibetan song "The Song of Spa Formation": ... In ancient times, there was chaos in the world, and heaven and earth were mixed together, and Dapeng separated them ... "How amazing it is that this bird can separate heaven and earth. Similarly, in the primitive religion "Bonism" in Tibet, it is also recorded that Tibetan ancestors were hatched from Dapeng eggs.

Before the 5th century A.D. in the history of China, on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the roof of the world, there was once an ancient elephant country with its own language and script, which was highly developed. At its most glorious time, Xiangguo's territory reached Kashmir in the west, Ladakh (now the northern border of India) in the south, most of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the middle, Qinghai Plateau in the north and Sichuan Basin in the east, which was the earliest civilization center of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at that time. According to relevant historical documents, Xiang Xiong once had an army of 990,000 people. According to his calculation, the people should have millions of people.

The name of Xiangxiong country is "Pengdi" in its own language, which is the habitat of Dapeng birds. People take "Peng" as their totem and think that they are the descendants of Dapeng. Since ancient times, Dapeng birds have been guarded from generation to generation, making the country strong and the people rich. When the younger sister of Songzan Gambu, the king of Tubo, married Xiangxiong, she once sighed to her brother: "Our diet is full of fish and wheat."

Xiangxiong County is also the birthplace of Bonism, the primitive religion in Tibet. The people "believe in Bonism, value ghosts and gods, love witchcraft and avoid eating wild horse meat". The prosperous period of Xiang Xiong, that is, the 18th generation of Peng, was also the period when Bernism prevailed in Yong Zhong. The "Bonism in Harmony" culture has a long history and is spread all over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it still deeply affects the social life of Tibetan compatriots.

Nowadays, many scholars have tried to find clues to the cultural sites of the ancient elephant kingdom, but most of them have failed. Perhaps, as the famous writer Ma Lihua said, "Xiangxiong is actually a nomadic people and does not belong to the civilization of the land."

Xiang Xiongguo was transliterated as "Yang Tong" or "Yang Tong" in ancient Chinese, and now it is transliterated as "Xiang Xiong", which is closer to the pronunciation of ancient Tibetan.

According to historical records such as Tongdian, Ci Fu Yuan Gui and Tang Yaohui, from the Han Dynasty to the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, Xiangxiong's region was "Tubo in the east, Xiaoyangtong in the west, straight in the north, thousands of miles from east to west, winning 890 thousand soldiers" It is also recorded in the Tibetan historical document "The Origin of Bonism": "Xiangxiong is connected with Upper (West) Kashmir, with snow-capped mountains and the still snow area of Niubu in Songba (southwest Qinghai) in the north and India and Nepal in the south."

The Xiangxiong region recorded in historical books of Han and Tibetan is basically the same, that is, its territory starts from Gangrenboqi in Ali area in the west, which is the dominant region of Xiangxiong, and Xiong Xiong passes through Nima and Shenzha areas in northern Tibet, which is the Xiangxiong of China. From the east to the present, the Dingqing area in Qamdo is the next elephant. This shows the vastness of its elephant country.

Some scholars believe that in the second and third centuries, the ancient elephant kingdom was divided into three regions. In the article "General Situation of World Geography", it is mentioned that "Li Xiangxiong should be Persian, Eight Immortals and Bala, three months west of Gangdese Mountain. In this land, there are 32 tribes, big and small ... that is, elephants in China. Zhong Xiangxiong is a day's journey west of Gangdise Mountain. It is also the capital of Xiangxiong Kingdom, and this land was once the 18th ruling place of Xiangxiong Kingdom. The elephant bear is a piece of land centered on Liu Feng, including more than 30 tribes and 25 families in Beijia. This is the upper part of Amdo now. "

In other words, today's Kashmir and Ladakh are "Li Xiangxiong"; Ali region is "the elephant of China" and the ruling center of the elephant kingdom. Northern Tibet, Amdo, Kangqu and other places are "exotic elephants", which not only include most parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but also span Qinghai and Sichuan to Kashmir and Ladakh in the west. Today, Li Xiangxiong has been occupied by foreigners (present-day Kashmir).

According to Tibetan historical documents, Shangxianggong is centered in Qionglong area, Zhongxianggong is centered in Ridaguo area, and Xiaxianggong is located in Xue Jing District 6 of Supi (now Songba).

The Qionglong area, the site of Qionglong Silver City recently discovered by archaeologists in China, is located in Menshi Township, a one-day trip from Ali Kanglinbuke. Later, Nima Zhou, the descendant of Songzan Gambu, the Tibetan king who destroyed the ancient elephant country, changed "Shangxiang Xiong" to "Ali" and established the same brilliant Guge kingdom.

The central area of Zhongxiang Xiong is "Ri 'adaguo", which is not clearly recorded in historical documents, but some scholars believe that Ri 'adaguo may be near the Daguo Snow Mountain in Nyima Wenbu area. The textual research is as follows: ① There is the site of the ancient elephant bear palace near Daguo Snow Mountain, and Dangrang Yongcuo on the side is the largest sacred lake of Bonism in the ancient elephant bear country, and the territory of the two kings in the eighteenth generation of the ancient elephant bear country is Daguo area; (2) The homonym of Guo Da and Guo Da; (3) Daguo Snow Mountain is a poor mountain of Boni religion. Dapeng bird is called "dome" in ancient images, and the word "dome" is homophonic with the word "poor" in poor mountains.

Xiaxiangxiong Central District is located in Subi Xue Jing District 6. Historical documents record: "Qu Xia, a piece of land centered on Liufeng Mountain in Qiongbao, also known as Songba Xue Jing, includes 39 tribes and 25 families in Beijia." Qiongbao Liu Feng is located in Dingqing County, Changdu City today, also known as Zizhu Mountain. There is a thousand-year-old Bonism temple, Zheluo Temple. It is said that the first stop for Bonism to spread to the outside world was Zheluo Temple, and then spread to the Bonism Rishen Mountain area in Linzhi, southern Tibet.

From the Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xiang Xiong had frequent commercial and cultural exchanges with countries in the Central Plains, and was recorded as "sheep in the same country" in the historical books of the Han Dynasty. By the end of the Sui Dynasty, Songtsan Gambu led the Tibetan army to wipe out Xiangxiong, unite its citizens and establish a powerful Tibetan dynasty in the Qinghai-Tibet region.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, some ancient elephants fled to Sichuan and took the country name as their surname according to the Han system, which was called Peng's. During the reign of Wu Zetian, the conflict between Tubo and Tang Dynasty, the Peng clan continued to move inward to avoid the war, and it has spread to all parts of the country, including Taiwan Province Province.

2. It originated from the surname Jiang and was named after the ancestor of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period.

According to the history book "Strange Surname Child", "The surname is Peng. In the Spring and Autumn Period, after Dr. Qi visited Peng, he had friends of mountains and rivers. According to Song Youyou's 90,000, there is a "Five Poems". "

Jiang Liao, the grandson of Jiang Qian in Qi Zhuanggong, was appointed as a doctor in Pingyuan (now Linyi, Shandong Province) when Jiang was in power (685-643 BC), and his descendants were divided into Ji surname and Yin surname.

Qi Huangong has a capable doctor, Peng Ji, who is the great-grandson of Jiang Gou and the son of Jiang Liao. In the first year of Zheng Ji, King of Zhou Xiang (65 BC1), Qi Huangong, with the help of Guan Zhong, was promoted as a member of Qi Huangong as a doctor of Peng Ji and concurrently served as prime minister. Peng Ji is knowledgeable, calm and capable, and deeply appreciated by Qi Huangong.

In the 26th year of Qi Huangong (660 BC), Peng Ji, Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong led the northern expedition to the solitary bamboo country (now Lulong, Hebei Province) and the branch country (now Qian 'an, Hebei Province). It took more than half a year to completely conquer Shanrong, Solitary Bamboo and Ganoderma lucidum. Single capacity to donate gold (copper) means surrender, and the solitary bamboo country and the branch country have since disappeared.

Spring goes and winter comes. When I went to the mountains when I returned home, the Qi army couldn't find water for a while, and everyone was in a hurry. Peng Ji said to everyone, "Don't panic. Ants live on the sunny side of the mountain in winter and on the shady side of the mountain in summer, because ants live near water. If they dig down their nests, they will get water." So the soldiers found an ant nest to dig, and sure enough, they got water. At the critical moment when the army was cut off from the water supply, Peng Ji skillfully used the survival nature of ants to explore the water supply, and used the nature of animals for people's specific purposes, which showed his superb wisdom and genius. Later, Peng Ji sent people to the State of Jin to lead the governors to pacify the chaos in the State of Jin.

Peng Ji's great-grandson, Ji Yan, was a doctor in the twenty-seventh year of King Xiang of Zhou (635 BC). Among the descendants, there are Peng and Yan.

Therefore, the four surnames Peng, Ji, Yin and Yan belong to the same clan.

Later, some of Peng's clans hid in "Beishan" because of the disaster, and they were replaced by Beng and Peng. Among them, Beng's family has been bred for six generations and then returned to Peng's family. The land of "North Mountain" needs to be tested. And people surnamed Peng are still in use today because of the "Pengshi Xiongxiang".

3. It originated from the Mongols, from the Mongolian tribes in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and belongs to the Chinese name of the tribe.

Mongolian Buligede and Getu are both "eagles" in Chinese, living in Ewenki Banner of Hailar and Xinbaerhu. There was a man named Peng in the late Ming Dynasty.

The Mongolian Shubu Guzhen family, also known as Zhu Baozhen family, which means "the guardian of the eagle" in Chinese, is often recorded in the history books of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there were people named Peng and Gong.

4. Originated from Manchu, from the Jurchen tribe in Ming Dynasty, belonging to the clan name of China.

According to the history book "Eight Banners Manchu Genealogy":

The Zur family of Manchu, also known as the Tukuhun family, is Zur Gonghala in Manchu and "Eagle" in Chinese. Now he lives in Zakumu area (now Xiayingzi on the west bank of Elden River in Xinbin County, Liaoning Province), and his surnames are Peng, Zhu and Er.

Second, historical celebrities:

Ju Peng: (A.D. 1934 to present), born in Xi, Shaanxi. Famous medical expert.

Director, Institute of Drug Control, Health Department of Qinghai Province.

Peng Pengxian: (A.D. 1936 ~ present), pen names Huang Jiang, Peng Xian and Ouyang Zhuge; Bishan people (now Bishan in Chongqing). Famous writer and children's literature theorist.